Free radical mechanisms of injury in respiratory disease.

Based on: Dweik R.A., Boggs P.B., Erzurum S.C. et al. An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2011; 184 (5): 602–615.

Summary. Results of pathomorphological and immunohistochemical investigations in pulmonary tissue species from patients with acute lung abscess have been analyzed in the paper. Three clinical and morphological patterns of course of the disease were defined. Particularities of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and malone dialdehyde expression in the lung were shown.

Summary. The study was aimed at investigation of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism including total and separate concentrations of stable NO metabolites (nitrate anions and nitrite anions) and 3-nitrotirosine concentration in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in COPD with concomitant chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI). The study involved 55 patients aged 51 to 67 years divided into 2 groups: 28 patients with COPD II–III stage (the 1st group) and 27 patients with COPD II–III stage and concomitant CCI II–III stage (the 2nd group). The control group included 25 healthy non-smoking volunteers. A significant increase in nitrate anion concentration and in the total nitrite and nitrate concentration was found in the blood of patients of both groups compared to the controls. A statistically significant inverse relationship was found between the blood nitrite anion concentration and FEV1 (r = –0.77; p < 0.05) in COPD patients. These results demonstrate that changes in NO metabolism related to nitrous stress could emerge even in stable COPD. In co-existing COPD and CCI, changes in these biomarkers could be also related to functional particularities of nitrite reductase apart from the nitrous stress.

Summary. Currently, there are no data available regarding relationship between exhaled nitric oxide and lung function in adolescent and young adult elite athletes. Eighty six adolescent and young adult elite athletes of winter sports were included in this study. Pulmonary function and exhaled NO level were measured before and after standard exercise with treadmill. Post-exercise 10 % reduction in FEV1 was registered in 21 % of athletes. Exhaled NO level was higher in males (p = 0.04). Gender differences in changes of exhaled NO after the exercise were determined (–10.6 % in males and 28.3 % in females). Correlations between exhaled NO level and pulmonary function were firstly described.

Summary. We conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of erythrocyte cell membrane composition in patients with occupational bronchitis and in controls. Protein and lipid spectrum of erythrocyte membranes was investigated. The study involved 49 patients with occupational bronchitis and 31 healthy control persons. The study compared cell membrane proteins and phospholipids in patients suffering from bronchitis and in the control group. An excessive level of several cytoskeletal proteins and a significant deficit of fosfatidilinozitol / serin were found in patients with occupational bronchitis.

Summary. An analysis of bronchial asthma prevalence in the Omsk region based on findings of statistical reports and questionings has been presented in the article. Asthma prevalence in the Omsk region is as high as 1.044 % per 100 000 population and is expected to grow by 28 % during the next 5 years.

A role of peroxiredoxins in oxidative stress in the respiratory system.

Future development of therapy with inhaled iloprost in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

A role of intravenous formulation of azythromycin in treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.

Bronchial asthma related to inhalation of toxico-allergic aerosols of polyvinyl chloride.

Scientific-and-practical conference "Pulmonology: yesterday, today, tomorrow".

Авторский указатель статей, опубликованных в журнале "Пульмонология" в 2011 году.