A role of proteomic analysis of exhaled breath condensate in diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia.

Based on: M.Miravitlles, J.J.Soler>Catalun~a, M.Calle et al. Spanish COPD Guidelines (GesEPOC): Pharmacological treatment of stable COPD. Arch. Bronconeumol. 2012; 48 (7): 247–257.

Summary. The influence of combined vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b and influenza on sputum bacterial land scape in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been analyzed in this article. The 1st group of 31 COPD patients (mean age, 59.25 ± 1.12 years) were vaccinated simultaneously with "Pneumo23", "Hiberix", "Grippol plus". The 2nd group consisted of 49 unvaccinated COPD patients (mean age, 57.16 ± 0.98 years). We used a classical microbiological method. Three months after the complete vaccination, there was a significant decrease in number of patients with S. pneumoniae yielded in sputum in comparison with unvaccinated COPD patients.

Summary. Results of investigation of protease–antiprotease enzyme activity in induced sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are presented in this article. In addition to infection, inflammation severity during acute exacerbation of COPD was shown to be influenced by smoking and protease–antiprotease biochemical imbalance, in particular, by the level of α1protease inhibitor which regulates proteolytic enzyme activity.

Summary. Asthma is one of the most common, severe and debilitating multifactorial diseases resulting from complex interaction between genes and environ mental factors. The aim of the present work was to analyze the association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and development of asthma in population of the Republic of Bashkortostan. A total of 638 patients with asthma and 366 healthy individuals were recruited in our investigation. In summary, the study of cytokine gene polymorphisms and genegene interaction suggested an important role of TNFA, IL4, CCL11 and IL13 genepolymorphisms in the development of asthma in Bashkortostan population.

Summary. The results of this controlled clinical study confirm that the IIB chemotherapeutic regimen is an innovative treatment strategy for patients with AIDS and newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in penitentiary medicine. This regimen allows achievement sputum conversion in 65 % of cases and cavity closure in 30 % in 3 months compared to 40.7 % and 7.4 % respectively for the I standard chemotherapeutic regimen.

Summary. In our study, pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis comprised 7.1 % of all autopsies of patients died from HIVassociated infections and was the forth cause of death following tuberculosis (35.6 %), bacterial pneumonia (16.5 %), and infectious endocarditis (10.8 %). Acute stage was more frequent (73.1 %); cavitary pneumonia was diagnosed in 7.7 % autopsies, generalized Pneumocystis infection was found in 3.8 % of cases. In 7.7 % of cases, the course of Pneumocystis pneumonia was complicated by diffuse alveolar damage. Advanced stages of Pneumocystis pneumonia should be differentiated from organizing bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, and cytomegalovirus infection. In died HIVinfected patients with com bined pulmonary infection, Pneumocystis was found in 27.6 % of cases. Advanced stages of pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis and combined pul monary infection are difficult for morphological diagnosis and require a complex of modern investigations.

Summary. Features of clinical course of viral and viralandbacterial pneumonias in patients with influenza or other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) admitted to a pneumology department of a municipal hospital during the season from November, 2009, to February, 2010, have been analyzed in this study. Thirty seven patients (25 females, 12 males, the mean age, 38.1 ± 10.2 yrs) were examined. Of them, 12 patients were infected with a highly virulent influenza А / Н1N1 / pdm09 virus. The efficacy of antiviral therapy with Ingavirin as a part of treatment of complicated influenza and ARVI has been discussed in this article.

Summary. The study was conducted in a group of schizophrenia patients (n = 677); among them, there were 245 outpatients and 432 hospitalized patients. We investigated prevalence, peculiarities of diagnosis and course of bronchial asthma (BA) in this group. Psychically healthy patients of somatic hospitals and outpatient facilities was used as controls excepting patients from specialized services involved in care of asthma patients. We have noted that combination of BA and psychosis was rare (0.29 %, p < 0.001), the somatic disease had a benign course even under inadequate antiasthmatic therapy.

Summary. The aim of this study was to estimate efficiency of psychotherapy in treatment of patients with bronchial asthma and to develop psychotherapeutic schemes. Three treatment modes were used: nonspecific desensitization using the method of neuro linguistic programming; symptomatic psychotherapy; and pathogenic psychotherapy for correction of psychoemotional background. Combined treatment was more effective than medications alone with regard to symptoms of psychological mechanism of bronchial asthma and to clinical signs in longterm followup. In patients with prominent response to allergens we could recommend nonspecific desensitization using the method of neuro linguistic programming. A rapid correction could be achieved by symptomatic psychotherapy. Delayed but longterm effect could be achieved by pathogenic psychotherapy.

Summary. The purpose of the study was to investigate active coping strategies as a mechanism of psychological adaptation / disadaptation to the disease in patients with bronchial asthma (n = 120) of 30 to 60 years of age. Psychological investigation was done using the "Ways of Coping Questionnaire". The study has found that protective mechanisms were primarily observed in the personality structure of asthma patients; this could contribute to the development of nonadaptive variants of coping strategies including anger and irritability. The results of this study could be useful for development of educational systems to teach asthma patients coping behavior skills to maintain their health and wellbeing.

Changes in structure and function of respiratory epithelium in bronchial asthma.

Corticosteroids in bronchial asthma: from systemic exposure to nebulized therapy.

Metabolic syndrome and bacterial infection as risk factors of death in influenza А / H1N1 complicated by pneumonia.

Results of XXII Russian National Congress on respiratory diseases.

A foundation of novel Russian pneumology has been laid.