Редакционная колонка

A spectrum of causative bacterial pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia in multidisciplinary hospitals of Smolensk

Источник: Reddel H.K., Taylor D.R., Bateman E.D. et al. An Official American Thoracic Society / European Respiratory Society Statement: Asthma control and exacerbations: standardizing endpoints for clinical asthma trials and clinical practice. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009; 180: 59–99.

Tiotropium bromide in therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a recipe for success

Drug delivery to the lungs: issues of concern

Summary. One hundred and fifteen patients with viral pneumonia caused by highly pathogenic influenza A (H1N1) virus were examined. Of them, 38 were dmitted to intensive care units. This disease was shown to develop more frequently in young patients; mostly it was secondary viral-and-bacterial pneumonia. The multivariate regression model included 34 parameters measured in all patients. The independent poor prognostic factors were early development of acute respiratory distress-syndrome, elevated blood levels of creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase and leukocytosis.

Summary. Treatment results of 155 patients with pleural effusion have been analyzed in the paper. In this group, 75 patients were treated with standard methods and 80 ones were managed using a special diagnostic and therapeutic program including pleural microdrainage. This program could be applied in all hospitals involved in treatment of patients with pleural effusion.

Summary. The article has presented comprehensive data on pathogenesis and clinical features of complications of BCG vaccination and of tuberculosis course in 9 patients with confirmed X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. We observed a high incidence of complications of BCG vaccination in thiscohort. After vaccination, all the patients developed regional lymphadenitis and a high risk of occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis in case of M. tuberculosis infection. To prevent complication of BCG vaccination, genealogical analyze of the patient's mother is necessary (early childrhood mortality, family cases of tuberculosis or / and BCG complications, etc.)

Summary.88 HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis of different sites were tested using a skin test with recombinant allergen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Diaskintest®). The test was positive in 35 cases. In the patients involved in the study, 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the test sensitivity was 30 to 40 %. We found a correlation between peripheral blood CD4+ lymphocyte number and the rate of positive Diaskintest®. The patients with > 400 CD4+ lymphocytes per 1 mL–1 had positive test reactions reliably more often than those with < 200 CD4+ lymphocytes per 1 mL–1. We also established a correlation between tuberculosis extension and the rate of positive Diaskintest®: the proportion of positive test reactions was lower in patients with more extended TB infection.

The data obtained justify application of Diaskintest® for tuberculosis detection in HIV-infected patients especially in those with early stages of tuberculosis.

Summary.The paper contains the analysis of asthma mortality in 10 urban and rural ecological areas of the Dagestan Republic in 20022007. Asthma mortality in rural population of Dagestan Republic was higher then that in towns. The highest asthma mortality rate was found in mountain ecological areas in comparison with that in plains and foothill regions. Territories of relative risk of asthma mortality and of negative trends of mortality rate in urban and rural populations of Dagestan were detected.

Summary. The study of course and control of the disease, quality of life and cytokine profile in patients with bronchial asthma (BА) and allergic rhinitis (АR) involved 138 patients aged 18 to 70 years. Patients with combination of these diseases had drug allergy (34.3 % vs 12.1 %), food allergy (34.3 % vs15.2 %), pollen sensitization (77.1 % vs 45.5 %), coexisting pathology of the upper respiratory tract (21.9 % vs 3,0 %) and family history of АR(38.1 % vs 15.2 %) significantly more often when compared to patients with BА alone. Majority of the patients (65.7 %) had poor controlled BА.Combination of BА and АR was found to influence negatively on the patients' quality of life. The observed relations between quality of life, results of ACT-test and serum cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-8) allow considering the given parameters as criteria of asthma control.

Summary. All chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders are accompanied by a certain dysfunction of mucociliary clearance. Recently, a novel method of a high-frequency chest oscillation has been used to improve sputum expectoration in patients with COPD. We studied effects of high-frequency chest oscillations on lung function in patients with COPD. The high-frequency chest oscillation method has been found to improve lung function and respiratory failure due to more effective clearance of the tracheobronchial tree.

Summary. Effects of 12-week course of sodium montelukast (Singular) on lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and markers of eosinophilic inflammation have been analyzed in children with atopic and non-atopic asthma and recurrent bronchitis with allergic rhinitis. The study involved 69 children aged 3 to 16 years. The study results showed that sodium montelukast significantly decreased lung hyperinflation and obstructive ventilator disorders, recovered bronchial receptor sensitivity and controlled the eosinophilic inflammation. The effect was the most significant in children with non-atopic asthma including the complete normalization of lung function.

Summary. When using the initial CO concentration of 0.3 % in the test gas, a significant deficit of Hb has been occurred as a result of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) generation. Therefore, the pulmonary capillary haemodynamics (blood flow – FC) should be taken into account. The aim of this study was to reveal relationships between measured values of membrane diffusion capacity (DM), the total diffusion lung capacity for CO (DLCO) and computerized values of VC and FC considering COHb generation. According to the equation derived mean relative flow concentration of COHb in CO= 0.3 % were ≥ 10 % in healthy and in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), but VC and FC were about twice lower in PAH patients. We have shown that simultaneous measurements of DM and DLCO in two different CO values allows calculate FC in spite of VC and could be used for noninvasive investigation of pulmonary haemodynamics.

Diagnosis, differentiation and management of bronchial obstructive syndrome: a role of β2-agonists and inhaled steroids combined in a single inhaler

A case of multiple genetic lesions in different systems of the lung defense

Авторский указатель статей, опубликованных в журнале "Пульмонология" в 2010 году

В работе Совета экспертов в рамках XX Национального конгресса по болезням органов дыхания под председательством акад. РАМН А.Г.Чучалина и проф. А.Б.Малахова приняли участие с докладами ведущие российские специалисты:А.И.Синопальников, О.А.Рычкова, О.Л.Ксенофонтова, Г.Л.Игнатова, В.А.Казанцев, И.Н.Лыткина, Н.А.Канукова

Alexey N. Kokosov. To the 80th birthday

To the memory of Valentina A. Nasonova