In 78 patients with chronic pulmonary diseases (CPD) and in their relatives of I and II degree (38 subjects) and in 425 donors the following genetic markers determined by 8 autosomal locuses were studied: alfa-1-inhibitor of proteasas (alfa-1-IP), blood groups of AB0 and Rh-factor systems, superoxiddismutasa, cholinestherasa (two locuses: Che₁ and Che₂), cerulloplasmin and cerumen. The polymorphism in all investigated markers was revealed. Correlation between some clinical sympthoms of CPD and AB0 and Rh-system and between alfa-1-IP forms and cholinestherasa variants was observed.

The purpose of this study was investigation of the prevalence of ΔF508 mutation of the cystic fibrosis gene in patients with COPD. 66 patients with COPD, 35 ones with nonobstructive pulmonary diseases and 35 healthy volunteers were examined aged of 17—76 years.

DNK of the subjects were analysed to reveal mutations ΔF508 and G542Х, S549N, G551D, R553Х, and W1282 additionally. The obtained results show the presence of ΔF508 mutation in 4 patients of COPD group, that is 6% of the number of the latter. The frequency of mutations in the nonobstructive diseases group was less then 1:35 (1:70 for the total number of chromosomes), that is in account with literature data. The present data correspond to the hypothesis about the heterozygosity on pathogenic mutation of cystic fibrosis plays the certain role in COPD pathogenesis.

Signs of diseases were investigated in 122 patients with inborn anomalies and defects of bronchopulmonary system generation and in 407 patients with chronic bronchopulmonary suppurations complicated with acute pneumonias and forcing intrabroncheal bodies staying for a long time. The material was analysed with nonparametric statistics of Wald. The following sympthoms are to be considered diagnostically significant: endoscopic signs of chondral structures displasia, polycystosis, mouth ectopia, the bronchi branching impairment, and combination with defects of other organs and systems.

Distribution rates of blood genetic markers (antigens of ABO- and HLA- systems) have been evaluated. The study results obtained among 119 patients with severe influenza and ARD forms are presented. It was found that in patients hospitalized during influenza A epidemia HLA—B8 and A(II) blood group antigens predominated. A(II) blood group antigens were registered more frequently in patients with confluent pneumonia than in ones with local pneumonia (51.3% and 28.2%, respectively); HLA—B8 antigens were registered near 3 times less frequently in confluent pneumonia patients than in local pneumonia ones (5.6% and 18%, respectively).

The clinical and cpydemiological content of diagnostic terms classifying chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases keeps on acute discussions. In some countries, diagnosises like “chronic obstructive bronchitis” and “chronic asthm atic bronchitis” are given up.

During 5 years, skilled pulmonologists observed 10 346 patients with bronchial asthma and with three basic entities of chronic bronchitis respecting to International Disease Classification of the IX and X edition. Study conditions were identical for patients with different diagnosises, that allows to concider the disease character as the cause of epydeniologic differences. Epydemiologic characteristics of chronic nonobstructive bronchitis (simple, mucus-mattery), chronic obstructive bronchitis, and bronchial asthma are different cardinally and they existance as independent nosologic forms is right. The diagnosis “chronic obstructive bronchitis” gathers the unhomogenous group of patients which allow to consider on epydcmiologic signs the part of themselves as bronchial asthma ones; the other part of the patients may be related to onset forms of chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB), and most of them differs both from asthma and other forms of chronic bronchitis. The validity of the division of chronic asthmatic bronchitis as a nosologic form demands the additional study of the long time dynamics of clinical signs and the prognosis.

In the article the data of epidemiological screening among 1448 citizens of Arctic, Subarctic and Central Yakutia are presented. Investigation of the prevalence of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis among various etnological groups was the purpose of the study. The complete data of the population morbidity and the comparative analysis concerning the various groups of the examined contingent are presented.

The spectral Fourier-analysis of the ECG Р_II-wave was studied in 36 patients with bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis before and after exercise. It was found that the ECG Р_II-wave spectrum can be used for the right atrium hypertrophy diagnosing especially during the earlier period when it could not be determined with the common ECG method. The critheria of atrium hypertrophy is based on the Р_II-wave spectral minimum existing in the frequency range, of 20—100 Hz. The low-frequency minimum position is well related with the atrium hypertrophy power. The results of the study were analysed in terms of the double-component model of atrium excitation. The first minimum position shift is caused by the atrium exciting times difference.

In 224 patients with bronchial asthma of heavy and moderate degree the central hemodynamics and respiration were examined. In 47 patients and 17 healthy subjects from the control groups regional functions of lungs were studied. Following the increase of the pulmonary insufficiency (PI) degree the systolic pressure in pulmonary arteria (SPPA) did not increase significantly. In 32 patients (14% of total number) pulmonary hypertension with pressure higher than 35 mm HG was found. The work of the right ventricle in patients with SPPA higher than 35 mm HG was higher nonsignificanly (over 16.5%) than the one in the control group. Following the SPPA increase ventilation perfusion ratios were improved in high West’s zones. The obtained data allows to consider pulmonary hypertension as the compensatory mechanism during bronchial asthma allowing to include reserve zones (high West’s zones in general) into the gase exchange process.

The respiration function and serum myoglobin (MG) concentration study was carried out in 11 patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic bronchitis (CB) accompanied with respiratory muslce fatigue syndrome (RMFS) during treatment. After treatment, the respiration function change manifestated moderately was revealed. The significant decrease of serum myoglobin concentration was found in patients with BA after treatment and in patients with CB accompanied with RMFS and signs of cor pulmonale. The initial MG concentration was smaller than control values and increased after treatment. That may be caused by tissue hypoxia and have unfavorable prognosis.

Serum MG concentration evaluation during treatment can be used for the estimation of the treatment efficacy of respiratory and cardiac insufficiency.

In 32 patients with acute dilatational cardiomyopathy (ACMP) the relation between left and right section of lesser circulation with and without high pulmonary hypertension (PH) was studied. In the patients with the low stroke volume of the right ventricle it was not found significant differences in PH level in comparison with the subgroup with the more higher stroke volume. This fact testifies that in patients with ACMP the level of PH depends in general on the relationship between impairments of left and right ventricles.

Smooth muscle cells of the bronchial wall in rats was investigated in the intact tissue and during the development of hypertrophy. Alcaline dissociation method was used. The volume of myocytes and their nuclei number were calculated. The DNA content was studied with the scanning microspectrophotometric analysis.

Statistical characteristics of sample distribution was taken into concideration. Heterogenity of the myocytes population of bronchial smooth muscle cells was revealed. Three types of myocytes were defined. The transformation dynamics of the population of bronchial smooth muscle cells during the development of functional hyperthrophy of lungs was demonstrated.