The objective of the research was to study the peculiarities of external breathing, haemoreology, heart and lung haemodynamics in patients with mixed pathology depending on the predominance of chronic obstructive lung  disease (COLD) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Eighty-eight patients inspected were separated into two groupsaccording to the leading nosology in the clinical picture. The patients with leading COLD had the obstructive type of ventilatory failure, accompanied by severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia, formation of lung arterial hypertension, against which background diastolic dysfunction of both ventricles and the reduction in systolic function of the right ventricle are developing.
The peculiarity of clinical and functional conditions of patients with leading IHD was the syndrome of blood hyperviscosity, accompanied by diastolic and systolic ventricular dysfunction, formation of moderate lung  hypertension and disorder in blood gas composition. The combination of the obstructive ventilatory failure, lungarterial hypertension and blood hyperviscosity was typical for COLD and IHD patients and caused the failure of systolic and diastolic function of the both of cardiac parts which must be considered in choosing the therapeutic treatment for this kind of patients.

The psychological examination of 126 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) demonstrated that smokers were less anxious, better adapted to the disease and considerably less felt the deterioration of quality of life associated with their disorders than non-smokers. This fact should be taken into consideration in the realization of the anti-nicotine propaganda among patients with COB.

Two hundred and forty one children with asthma aged 2— 14 were examined. The critical periods for nocturnal episodes were defined: 0—2 a.m. and 3—5 a.m. Nocturnal asthma episodes have a number of causes. The  reduction in bronchial passability in critical night periods might be caused by house-dust mites sensibilisation, theimmune system activation, a high level of bronchial hyperreactivity, an inadequate sympathetic vegetative nervous system activity, gastro-esophageal reflux.

Effects in vitro of salbutamol, theophylline, budesonide, cromoglicic acid and β-carotene in their therapeutic concentrations on spontaneous and PHA-induced proliferation and apoptosis of mononuclear cells (MNC) were  studied, p-carotene and budesonide decreased [3H]-TdR incorporation in PHA-stimulated MNC. On the otherhand, salbutamol, theophylline and cromoglicic acid did not effect on [3H]-TdR incorporation in PHA-stimulated MNC. p-carotene also enhanced the apoptosis of MNC but the other tested drugs did not influence on it. Thus, β-carotene has a strong anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on human MNC. These results suggest that β-carotene could be as useful as corticosteroids for reduction of MNC functional activity causing the inflammation in bronchial asthma.

The open comparative study of efficacy of two drugs — Gen-Salbitamol (Gen-Pharma, Canada) and Salgim (VNC BAV — Russia) for treatment of severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was carried out. Two groups of COPD patients which were comparable in demographic and functional parameters received Gen-Salbutamol and Salgim correspondingly in the same doses — 2.5 mg via compressor nebulizer “Pulmo-Neb” (DeVilbiss, USA). The efficacy of the drugs was evaluated by external breathing parameters, peak volume flow, subjective intensity of dyspnea according to the visual analogue scale, gas and electrolyte arterial  blood analysis. The mean FEV₁ increase for patients received Gen-Salbutamol was 16.9% in 60 min. and 18.7%for the second group. The maximum PVF meanings were registered in 120— 180 min. After inhalation of both of drugs. There was not statistically significant difference between all the parameters in the equal periods of time in both of groups (p>0.05). The adverse effects (tremor, tachycardia, headache, dryness in oral cavity) were observed in both of groups with the same frequency and did not require to abolish the drug or to be corrected. The clinical efficacy of those two drugs was quite the equal. Thus, they can be used successfully for the treatment of COPD exacerbation.

Using radioligand method has allowed to find out that the children suffering from bronchial obstructive diseases demonstrate the purine receptors disorders expressed in increase A₁/A₂ receptors ratio. This ratio is reliably higher in bronchial asthma children than in children with asthmatic or recurrent bronchitis, chronic pneumonia and Kartagener’s syndrome as well as in adult bronchial asthmatic patients. Children with Kartagene r's syndrome have reduction in binding ability of glucocorticoid receptors and compensatory increase in their concentration. Theophylline therapy leads to decrease of A₁/A₂ receptors ratio. This fact correlates to the improvement in the value of forced expiratory volume for 1 second.

The efficacy of treatment of 10 patients with moderate and severe aspirine-induced bronchial asthma (AsBA) with epythalamine (100 mg per a course) has been studied. The patients were in the reducing exacerbation or remission stage and received continual anti-asthmatic therapy. The other group of 12 aspirine-induced bronchial asthmatic patients with the similar clinical status received placebo. It was revealed that the treatment with epythalamine improved the clinical state, the response of distal bronchi to Berotec, the immune system condition and helps to reach a prolonged remission of the disease. It accompanied by the increase of the excretion in urine of the main melatonin metabolite — 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. This fact evidences the enhancing of melatonin production, which typically is reduced in patients with aspirine-induced bronchial asthma compared with healthy persons and asthmatics without aspirine intolerance. Thus, epythalamine should be used as a component of pathogenic therapy for AsBA patients.

Therapy with nebulizer is an important method in treatment of bronchial asthmatic children, especially of early age, both in inpatient and outpatient situations. Historical aspects of inhalation technique development, current nebulizers types, mechanisms of their actions, indications and contra-indications for therapy with nebulizers have been discussed in this article. Salbutamol, ipratropium bromide and their combinations take an important place in bronchodilator therapy. The data about using of nebulized sodium cromoglicate and budesonide as a basic therapy are reported.

The aim of this research was the estimation of quality of life in bronchial asthma patients before and after 3 month treatments with anti-inflammatory antiasthmatic agent — nedocromil sodium (Tilade). 20 patients with mild and moderate BA were investigated by routine clinical and functional tests, content of total IgE assessed. For assessing of quality of life E.Juniper’s Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), and short and simple AQ20 (F.H. Quirk, P .W .Jones, 1994) questionnaires were used. Tilade has been prescribed 2 puffs twice daily corresponding to a daily dosage of 8 mg nedocromil sodium. Tilade led to a significant reduction in the incidence of asthma attacks and cough, wakening in the night due to dyspnoe. During treatment with tilade improvement and normalisation of bronchial patency revealed. Tilade decreased the blood level of total IgE. Thus, nedocromil sodium (tilade) was finding in patients with mild and moderate asthma as the effective antiasthmatic drug, which improve quality of life in asthma patients.

Patients with traumatic haemopleura display severe impairment of proteolytic and coagulative phagocytes activities in peripheral blood and inflammatory focus. Those with infectious haemopleura prevalently show high coagulative activity of blood monocytes, inhibition of their proteolysis and low coagulative activity of pulmonary macrophages. Monocytes do not have coagulative activity and macrophages preserve their coagulative potential in the inflammatory focus in patients with coagulative haemopleura. Different usage of proteolytic activators and inhibitors based on the determination of the proteolytic and coagulative phagocytes activities in the peripheral blood and the inflammatory focus enables the efficacy of medication to be enhanced and outcomes of the disease to be improved in patients with traumatic haemopleura.

Forty patients with mild to moderate bronchial asthma were treated with the new β₂-agonist Salgim. Basic active components of this drug are salbutamol hemisuccinate and natrium benzoate. Salgim was used in dry powder form placed in cyclohaler for inhalations. The drug compared with Salgim was Bricanyl (salbutamol sulfate in powder form), placed in turbuhaler. The data obtained in this study have persuasively demonstrated that this drug form possesses a high broncholytic activity throughout bronchi. Strong expectorative activity of Salgim greatly increases its clinical efficacy in patients with broncho-obstructive syndrome. A treatment course with Salgim allowes to control reliably a bronchial passability in mild bronchial asthma patients and combined with other anti-asthmatic drugs - in moderate asthmatic patients. The protective action of Salgim was studied. It was shown that Salgim has broncho-protective activity. The side effects of Salgim do not exceed the limits of selective β₂-agonists. Concerning its clinical efficacy Salgim is not inferior to the foreign selective β₂-agonist Bricanyl ("Astra” , Sweden).

Clinical efficiency of nedocromil sodium in treatment of mild bronchial asthmatic children with bronchial hyperreactivity and children who are sick often and long. The bronchial hyperreactivity was confirmed by a physical exercise test with control measurements of spirographic lung function parameters over 12 weeks. A comparative group consisted of children who were treated with sodium cromoglicate, and a control group included children who did not receive any medication. Results of the study performed have proved the clinical efficiency of nedocromil sodium. This fact allows recommending the drug for treatment of mild bronchial asthma children with bronchial hyperreactivity due to allergic or infectious inflammation and non-asthmatic children with bronchial hyperreactivity on a background of atopic dermatitis and passed viral and bacterial infections as well.