This paper is aimed to study abilities of new imaging methods for differentiating diffuse interstitial lung diseases. We analyzed radiological and CT findings of 301 patients with various diffuse lung pathologies. The investigation was performed as a slice spiral scanning and multi-plane spatial reconstruction modes. We modified a respiratory test for those patients who find difficulty in holding their breathing. To assess an informative value of a sign we evaluated its sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and predictive positive and negative tests. The article presents HRCT findings in various idiopathic interstitial lung diseases and differential criteria to distinguish those from other forms of diffuse lung diseases.

The reported practical work shows a significance of detection the exhaled fraction of nitric oxide (FENO) compared with bronchial challenge tests to diagnose the allergic inflammation and to determine the inflammatory activity in the airways.
Methods: 30 bronchial challenge tests were performed in 24 children aged 5 to 16 yrs with different degrees of sensitization detected by the pricktest. The challenge tests were performed with various allergens, the lung function was examined by spirometry or pneumotachometry, the airway resistance was studied by impulse oscillometry. The FENO was measured using a chemiluminescent gas analyzer. The FENO levels obtained after the challenge tests allowed to divide the patients with positive test results in 2 groups and those with negative test results in 3 groups. Two negative and the positive groups had the similar FENO levels and only the third negative group had different FENO level.
Therefore, the FENO allows detecting the allergy imflammation including its latent form even if the challenge test is negative.

We propose and substantiate criteria of objective assessment of quality of work of medical staff in a hospital facility in order to restrict a length of inpatient treatment, to improve work of a doctor and a whole department and to achieve adequate material stimulation and appropriate wages. The criteria consider economic, medical and social aspects, allow computerized analysis of a doctor's and a department work, systematic analysis on clinical conferences and disclosure of factors worsening the quality of inpatients treatment.

Respiratory oxalosis (RO), a special hereditary form of obstructive lung disease accompanied by hyperoxaluria, non-progredient course, absence of allergy and several cytology markers was studied in this comparative prospective study. We have observed 2 groups of non-smoking women (71 patients with RO and 64 patients with asthma accompanied by allergy with progredient course during 5 years). We evaluated the locomotor function of the mononuclear and polynuclear blood phagocytes using the inhibition of lymphocyte migration test as an immunological marker, and the hepatocyte function using AST / ALT ratio as a cytological marker. Their prevalence was the greatest in the 1-st group and constituted 100 % for the immunological marker and 98 % for the cytological one.
We assume that function of the mononuclear phagocytes in RO probably results in the non progredient course of the disease. It relates to congenital high threshold of the immunocompetent cell sensitivity to polyclonal mitogens.

The randomized controlled single hospital centre study assessed the efficacy of therapy with Berodual N (fenoterol / ipratropium) delivered by means of small spacers in patients with acute exacerbations of obstructive pulmonary diseases. Inclusion criteria were acute exacerbation of COPD or asthma, age 18–75 yrs, FEV1 30–60 %, no need for respiratory support. 61 patients with COPD or asthma (M : F = 37 : 24, mean age 59 ± 8 yrs; FEV1 — 40 ± 11 %, SpO2 = 94 ± 2 %) were randomized to Berodual N 2 inhalations via MDI (n = 31) or Berodual N 2 inhalations via spacer-MDI (n = 30). Therapy with Berodual N in both groups of patients led to statistically significant improvement in FEV₁, FVC and IC, and to decrease in respiratory rate and dispnea. Therapy with Berodual N via spacer-MDI resulted in more significant improvement of FVC and IC (difference between groups after 0.5 and 1 h after inhalation: р < 0.05). Dyspnea score also improved more significantly in patients received Berodual N via spacer-MDI (difference between groups after 0.5 and 1 h after inhalation: р < 0.05). The incidence of adverse events was similar between the groups. Conclusion: in patients with acute exacerbations of obstructive pulmonary diseases therapy with Berodual N by means of small spacers and MDI is more effective in comparison with MDI only.

This open comparative randomized study has shown that fenspiride is an effective and well-tolerated drug while being administered in combined therapy of COPD for 3 to 12 months. The anti-inflammatory action of fenspiride 80 mg t. i. d. significantly reduced cough in COPD patients and enhanced the effect of bronchodilators. Fenspiride (Erespal) can be included in standards of combined treatment of patients with mild, moderate and severe COPD.

The study was designed to assess clinical efficacy and tolerability of new non-freon aerosol of troventol. The study involved 20 patients (4 males and 16 females) with intermittent or mild persistent stable asthma aged 22 to 67 yrs, the average age, 44.3 ± 11.1 (М ± SD). Anticholinergic effect of troventol was assessed under a single inhalation of the drug (the acute test) which was the 1-st stage of the study, and after long-term (4 wks) treatment which was the 2-nd stage. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by Borg's scoring of cough and dyspnoea, lung and heart auscultation, need in short-acting beta-2-agonists. The acute test included the metacholine challenge test before and 3 hrs after inhalation of 80 mcg of troventol or placebo. The long-term treatment stage included the metacholine challenge test before and in 4 weeks of daily inhalations of 160 mcg of troventol.
As a result, the new non-freon aerosol of troventol demonstrated distinct brochodilating and anticholinergic effects which significantly differed from placebo in patients with intermittent or mild persistent stable asthma. Being administered for a long period (4 wks) the drug improved cough and dyspnoea and reduced the need in short-acting beta-agonists while bronchial airflow parameters did not change considerably. There were no adverse events of the therapy during the study.

A problem of social sequences of lung tuberculosis has not been reflected in the literature. This study was aimed to investigate social sequences of tuberculosis. We examined a continuous sample of 100 patients with lung tuberculosis (LT) while being treated in a hospital, of them 62 males and 38 females aged 22 to 56 yrs. Fifty patients had infiltrative LT, and other 50 ones had fibrocavitating LT. The diagnosis was reached based on typical clinical, radiological, laboratory, and functional investigations. A special questionnaire was developed to study social sequences of LT. Results showed social isolation is typical for both the newly diagnosed LT patients and chronic LT. The fibrocavitating LT patients experienced negative attitude of relatives and community, worsening working conditions and narrowing fields of interest. The infiltrative LT patients were characterized by changes in marital status and disorders of living plans. Therefore, all LT patients experience social sequences of the disease.