One-step tracheal allotransplantation followed by omentopexy of the transplant and anastomotic lines was performed in a 24-year old patient suffering form idiopatic fibrotic mediastinitis and decompensated stenosis of the thoracic part of the trachea. Graft rejection reactions observed postoperatively were curbed by high doses of antithymocitic globulin and methylprednisolone. Associated viral-bacterial infection was suppressed by acyclovir and tienam. Two months after the operation, the-transplant remained viable, its lumen making about 10 mm.

The authors make a conclusion postulating the possibility of a successfull allotransplantation of trachea, namely, its major fragment (10 rings), being obviously antigenic and immunogenic. The effectiveness of such operations depends largely on an adequate matching of a donor and a recipient, provided the ischemic period of the donor’s trachea is minimal and theigreater omentum graft’s root is used for its revascularization. Careful monitoring of the patient for the first signs of rejection reaction and application of modem immunosuppressants is also important.

Different clinical types of Kartagener’s syndrome in children were demonstrated. It was found out that the severity of clinical manifestations, activity of the inflammatory process depend on the nature and the pattern of morphological changes in the lungs. Bronchoectases were not the halllmark of Kartagener’s syndrome. Adequate and systematic conservative therapy made it possible to prevent the disease progression and to preserve social adaptation of the patients.

This paper deals with clinical and pathogenic correlations between bronchial asthma (BA) and myocardial infarction (MI) when they are associated in elderly patients. Some specific features of the clinical course of the bronchopulmonary disease have been observed in acute and function-rehabilitation periods of MI; pathogenic mechanisms those features are based on are discussed. The authors substantiate the advisability of distinguishing a so-called autoimmune BA in respect to the cases of clinical manifestation of BA in post-infarction period.

60 cases of intolerance to non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NAID) have been revealed in the-examination of 200 bronchial asthma patients with the help of the authors’ version of aspirin challenge with the determination of sensibility coefficient. In vitro analgin test with fluorescent cation-probe DSM (4-(p-dimethylaminostyril )-1-methylpiridinium) has been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnostics of bronchial asthma associated with intolerance to NAID. The results of aspirin desencitization, hemosorbition on activated coals and combination of both methods in patients with low and high NAID sensitivity coefficients, and in a group of patients with bronchial asthma associated with sensibilization to exoallergens.

Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma (BAC) development was observed in 4 (9.3 %) of the 43 patients with idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (IFA). The observed process was characterised by the following pattern: the absence of bronchorrhea, rapid progression accompanied by paraneoplastic reactions. BAC occuring in patients with IFA is morphologically characterized by its development in the stage of honeycomb lung. There is an hypothesis of sclerotic changes in BAR playing a role in IFA , since in the stage of honeycomb lung the cells of terminal airways, bronchioles and alveoli may be a subject to transformation. Open lung biopsy with morphological examination in rapidly progressing IFA, especially in the case of paraneoplastic reactions, is recommended.