Новые возможности терапии идиопатического легочного фиброза

Идиопатический легочный фиброз (ИЛФ) является прогрессирующим фиброзирующим заболеванием легких со средней выживаемостью пациентов около 2–3 лет от момента постановки диагноза. Нинтеданиб – ингибитор тирозинкиназы, мишенью которого являются рецепторы факторов роста PDGF, FGF и VEGF. Использование нинтеданиба одобрено для терапии ИЛФ во многих странах на основе результатов исследования II фазы TOMORROW и 2 репликативных исследований III фазы INPULSIS. В исследованиях INPULSIS на фоне терапии нинтеданибом продемонстрировано значительное уменьшение ежегодной скорости снижения форсированной жизненной емкости легких (ФЖЕЛ), а время до 1-го обострения ИЛФ и стабилизация показателей качества жизни по шкале SGRQ положительно изменились в исследовании INPULSIS-2. В совокупном анализе исследований TOMORROW и INPULSIS показано, что при терапии нинтеданибом по сравнению с плацебо снижается летальность пациентов с ИЛФ. В исследовании INPULSIS не выявлено различий по способности нинтеданиба замедлять падение показателя ФЖЕЛ между пациентами с классическим ИЛФ и возможным ИЛФ (т. е. у больных с возможным паттерном ОИП с тракционными бронхоэктазами по данным КТВР без хирургической биопсии легких). В субгрупповых анализах исследования INPULSIS эффективность терапии нинтеданибом подтверждена у всех пациентов с ИЛФ, независимо от возраста, пола, расы, исходных значений ФЖЕЛ, диффузионной способности легких по окиси углерода, наличия эмфиземы, использования антирефлюксной терапии или системных глюкокортикостероидов. В исследовании INPULSIS частота тяжелых нежелательных явлений (НЯ) между группами нинтеданиба и плацебо значительно не различалась. Диарея была наиболее частым НЯ при терапии нинтеданибом, частота ее развития составила около 60 %, но в большинстве случаев – легкой или средней тяжести, отмены препарата не требовалось. Необходимо проведение дальнейших исследований по изучению эффективности нинтеданиба у больных ИЛФ с более широкими критериями включения, другими фибротическими интерстициальными заболеваниями легких, а также изучение эффективности и безопасности комбинации нинтеданиба и пирфенидона. Стратегия терапия больных ИЛФ в идеале должна быть основана на индивидуальных характеристиках каждого больного.

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