History of pulmonology in Russia

History of Russian pulmonology is described in the article. The rise of this science inRussiawas closely related to Sergey P. Botkin who taught physicians not only to recognize diverse variants of respiratory diseases but also to evaluate the patient's status as a whole. Dmitriy D. Pletnev, who investigated severe and complicated pneumonias; Ippolit V. Davydovskiy, who supposed that several pathological processes could exist in the human's lung contemporarily; Nikolay S. Molchanov and Vladimir P. Sil'vestrov, who investigated slowly-resolved pneumonia, and other investigators contributed significantly to the Russian pulmonology. Establishment of the Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, which became as a cooperating center, and "Russian Respiratory Society" Interregional Public Organization, and other important initiatives were main stages of development of the Russian pulmonology. Scientific and practical activity of the Federal Pulmonology Research Institute during last 25 years has been analyzed in the article. Important achievements in the control of such severe and common diseases, as pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis, etc., have been discussed in the article. Further investigations that would allow bring the pulmonologist's work in line with the current requirements have been outlined in the article.