COVID-19 и интерстициальные заболевания легких

На основании данных, полученных в период пандемии COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019), выявлены проблемы, связанные с дифференциальной диагностикой вирусной пневмонии, вызванной SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2), и интерстициальными заболеваниями легких (ИЗЛ), в первую очередь – ранее не диагностированными, которые возникли впервые или в стадии обострения. Вирусные инфекции являются фактором риска развития и обострения ИЗЛ. При COVID-19 острое повреждение легких протекает с развитием воспалительных изменений в легочном интерстиции, которые могут привести к формированию фиброзных изменений. На текущий момент проблема ИЗЛ и COVID-19 остается крайне актуальной, учитывая сложности дифференциальной диагностики острой фазы COVID-19, изменений в период пост-COVID-19 и различных нозологических форм ИЗЛ, а также существенное влияние COVID-19 на течение уже установленного ИЗЛ. Целью настоящего обзора явилось освещение особенностей дифференциальной диагностики ИЗЛ и вирусной пневмонии, вызванной SARS-CoV-2, а также исследование влияния COVID-19 на течение ИЗЛ. Заключение. При дифференциальной диагностике ИЗЛ и вирусной пневмонии, ассоциированной с COVID-19, важно учитывать совокупность различных характеристик – особенности начала заболевания, клинические данные, изменения по данным компьютерной томографии высокого разрешения, а также лабораторные данные и идентификацию SARS-CoV-2.

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