Frailty syndrome in patients with respiratory diseases

Respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are especially prevalent in elderly people and have become a significant problem for healthcare due to ageing of population. Frailty syndrome (FS) is a geriatric syndrome characterized by an age-associated declines in physiologic reserve and functions of multiple systems, including respiratory system. This syndrome leads to increased vulnerability of the elderly.

The aim of the study is to review the available data on modern understanding of FS, pathophysiological changes in the respiratory system associated with aging, the prevalence of FS, and its potential underlying mechanisms in elderly patients with respiratory diseases.

Conclusion. FS is strongly associated with respiratory diseases. On one hand, these pathophysiological processes are inherent in elderly patients. On the other hand, the condition itself causes additional changes that enhance the aging process. Undoubtedly, their association and the influence of FS on the course and outcomes of the respiratory disease should be studied to improve the prognosis of elderly patients. Early recognition of FS in patients with respiratory diseases will help prevent or delay decline in physiologic reserve and functions of multiple systems and lower the disability and mortality rates. Comprehensive assessment of “frail” patients can assist in developing a better risk stratification and provide a personalized approach to managing these risks, as well as improve the patient outcomes.

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