Clinical guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of exercise!induced bronchoconstriction
Abstract
По материалам: Parsons J.P., Hallstrand T.S., Mastronarde J.G. et al. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline: Exercise(induced Bronchoconstriction. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2013; 187 (9): 1016–1027. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201303(0437ST. Internet address: www.atsjournals.org
References
1. Weiler J.M., Bonini S., Coifman R. et al. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology work group report: exercise-induced asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2007; 119: 1349–1358.
2. Mannix E.T., Roberts M., Fagin D.P. et al. The prevalence of airways hyperresponsiveness in members of an exercise training facility. J. Asthma 2003; 40: 349–355.
3. Mannix E.T., Roberts M.A., Dukes H.J. et al. Airways hyperresponsiveness in high school athletes. J. Asthma 2004; 41: 567–574.
4. Parsons J.P., Kaeding C., Phillips G. et al. Prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm in a cohort of varsity college athletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2007; 39: 1487–1492.
5. Hallstrand T.S., Curtis J.R., Koepsell T.D. et al. Effectiveness of screening examinations to detect unrecognized exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. J. Pediatr. 2002; 141: 343–349.
6. Becker J.M., Rogers J., Rossini G. et al. Asthma deaths during sports: report of a 7-year experience. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2004; 113: 264–267.
7. Scollo M., Zanconato S., Ongaro R. et al. Exhaled nitric oxide and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 161: 1047–1050.
8. Carraro S., Corradi M., Zanconato S. et al. Exhaled breath condensate cysteinyl leukotrienes are increased in children with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2005; 115: 764–770.
9. Hallstrand T.S., Moody M.W., Aitken M.L. et al. Airway immunopathology of asthma with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2005; 116: 586–593.
10. Hallstrand T.S.,Wurfel M.M., Lai Y. et al. Transglutaminase 2, a novel regulator of eicosanoid production in asthma revealed by genome-wide expression profiling of distinct asthma phenotypes. PLoS One 2010; 5: e8583.
11. Hallstrand T.S., Moody M.W., Wurfel M.M. Inflammatory basis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 172: 679–686.
12. Mickleborough T.D., Lindley M.R., Ray S. Dietary salt, airway inflammation, and diffusion capacity in exerciseinduced asthma. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2005; 37: 904–914.
13. Freed A.N., McCulloch S., Meyers T., Suzuki R. Neurokinins modulate hyperventilation-induced bronchoconstriction in canine peripheral airways. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 167: 1102–1108.
14. Hallstrand T.S., Debley J.S., Farin F.M., Henderson W.R. Jr. Role of MUC5AC in the pathogenesis of exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2007; 119: 1092–1098.
15. Rundell K.W., Jenkinson D.M. Exercise-induced bronchospasm in the elite athlete. Sports Med. 2002; 32: 583–600.
16. Rundell K.W. High levels of airborne ultrafine and fine particulate matter in indoor ice arenas. Inhal. Toxicol. 2003; 15: 237–250.
17. Rundell K.W. Pulmonary function decay in women ice hockey players: is there a relationship to ice rink air quality? Inhal. Toxicol. 2004; 16: 117–123.
18. Rundell K.W., Spiering B.A., Evans T.M., Baumann J.M. Baseline lung function, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and asthma-like symptoms in elite women ice hockey players. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2004; 36: 405–410.
19. Rundell K.W., Spiering B.A., Baumann J.M., Evans T.M. Bronchoconstriction provoked by exercise in a high-particulate-matter environment is attenuated by montelukast. Inhal. Toxicol. 2005; 17: 99–105.
20. Sue3Chu M., Henriksen A.H., Bjermer L. Non-invasive evaluation of lower airway inflammation in hyper-responsive elite cross-country skiers and asthmatics. Respir. Med. 1999; 93: 719–725.
21. Sue3Chu M., Larsson L., Moen T. et al. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage findings in cross-country skiers with and without "ski asthma". Eur. Respir. J. 1999; 13: 626–632.
22. Helenius I.J., Rytila P., Metso T. et al. Respiratory symptoms, bronchial responsiveness, and cellular characteristics of induced sputum in elite swimmers. Allergy 1998; 53: 346–352.
23. Agabiti N., Ancona C., Forastiere F. et al. Short term respiratory effects of acute exposure to chlorine due to a swimming pool accident. Occup. Environ. Med. 2001; 58: 399–404.
24. Bernard A., Carbonnelle S., Dumont X., Nickmilder M. Infant swimming practice, pulmonary epithelium integrity, and the risk of allergic and respiratory diseases later in childhood. Pediatrics 2007; 119: 1095–1103.
25. Bernard A., Carbonnelle S., Michel O. et al. Lung hyperpermeability and asthma prevalence in schoolchildren: unexpected associations with the attendance at indoor chlorinated swimming pools. Occup. Environ. Med. 2003; 60: 385–394.
26. Helenius I., Haahtela T. Allergy and asthma in elite summer sport athletes. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2000; 106: 444–452.
27. McCreanor J., Cullinan P., Nieuwenhuijsen M.J. et al. Respiratory effects of exposure to diesel traffic in persons with asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007; 357: 2348–2358.
28. Rundell K.W., Im J., Mayers L.B. et al. Self-reported symptoms and exercise-induced asthma in the elite athlete. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2001; 33: 208–213.
29. Dickinson J.W., Whyte G.P., McConnell A.K. et al. Midexpiratory flow versus FEV1 measurements in the diagnosis of exercise induced asthma in elite athletes. Thorax 2006; 61: 111–114.
30. Holzer K., Anderson S.D., Douglass J. Exercise in elite summer athletes: challenges for diagnosis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2002; 110: 374–380.
31. Langdeau J.B., Day A., Turcotte H., Boulet L.P. Gender differences in the prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma in athletes. Respir. Med. 2009; 103: 401–406.
32. Enright P.L., Beck K.C., Sherrill D.L. Repeatability of spirometry in 18,000 adult patients. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 169: 235–238.
33. Anderson S.D., Silverman M., Konig P., Godfrey S. Exercise-induced asthma. Br. J. Dis. Chest 1975; 69: 1–39.
34. Cropp G.J. The exercise bronchoprovocation test: standardization of procedures and evaluation of response. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1979; 64: 627–633.
35. Kattan M., Keens T.G., Mellis C.M., Levison H. The response to exercise in normal and asthmatic children. J. Pediatr. 1978; 92: 718–721.
36. Song D.J., Woo C.H., Kang H. et al. Applicability of interrupter resistance measurements for evaluation of exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction in children. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2006; 41: 228–233.
37. Vilozni D., Bentur L., Efrati O. et al. Exercise challenge test in 3–6 year old asthmatic children. Chest 2007; 132: 497–503.
38. Hofstra W.B., Sterk P.J., Neijens H.J. et al. Prolonged recovery from exercise-induced asthma with increasing age in childhood. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 1995; 20: 177–183.
39. Anderson S.D. Indirect challenge tests: airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma: its measurement and clinical significance. Chest 2010; 138: 25S–30S.
40. Crapo R.O., Casaburi R., Coates A.L. et al. Guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge testing-1999. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 161: 309–329.
41. Carlsen K.H., Anderson S.D., Bjermer L. et al. Exerciseinduced asthma, respiratory and allergic disorders in elite athletes. Epidemiology, mechanisms and diagnosis: Part I of the report from the joint task force of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) in cooperation with GA(2)LEN. Allergy 2008; 63: 387–403.
42. Roca J., Whipp B.J., Agusti A.G.N. et al. Clinical exercise testing with reference to lung diseases: Indications, standardization and interpretation strategies. ERS Task Force on Standardization of Clinical Exercise Testing. European Respiratory Society. Eur. Respir. J. 1997; 10: 2662–2689.
43. Sterk P.J., Fabbri L.M., Quanjer P.H. et al. Airway responsiveness: standardized challenge testing with pharmacological, physical and sensitizing stimuli in adults. Eur. Respir. J.1993; 6: 53–83.
44. Anderson S.D., Pearlman D.S., Rundell K.W. et al. Reproducibility of the airway response to an exercise protocol standardized for intensity, duration, and inspired air conditions, in subjects with symptoms suggestive of asthma. Respir. Res. 2010; 11: 120.
45. Custovic A., Arifhodzic N., Robinson A., Woodcock A. Exercise testing revisited: the response to exercise in normal and atopic children. Chest 1994; 105: 1127–1132.
46. Godfrey S., Springer C., Bar3Yishay E., Avital A. Cut-off points defining normal and asthmatic bronchial reactivity to exercise and inhalation challenges in children and young adults. Eur. Respir. J. 1999; 14: 659–668.
47. Haby M.M., Anderson S.D., Peat J.K. et al. An exercise challenge protocol for epidemiological studies of asthma in children: comparison with histamine challenge. Eur. Respir. J. 1994; 7: 43–49.
48. Haby M.M., Peat J.K., Mellis C.M. et al. An exercise challenge for epidemiological studies of childhood asthma: validity and repeatability. Eur. Respir. J. 1995; 8: 729–736.
49. Weiler J.M., Anderson S.D., Randolph C. et al. Pathogenesis, prevalence, diagnosis, and management of exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction: a practice parameter. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010; 105: S1–S47.
50. Anderson S.D., Brannan J.D. Methods for "indirect" challenge tests including exercise, eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea, and hypertonic aerosols. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 2003; 24: 27–54.
51. Folgering H., Palange P., Anderson S. Clinical exercise testing with reference to lung diseases: indications and protocols. Eur. Respir. Mon. 1997; 6: 51–71.
52. Freed A.N., Anderson S.D. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: human models. In: Kay A.B., ed. Allergy & allergic diseases. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 2008. 806–820.
53. Anderson S.D., Daviskas E., Schoeffel R.E., Unger S.F. Prevention of severe exercise-induced asthma with hot humid air. Lancet 1979; 2: 629.
54. Bar3Or O., Neuman I., Dotan R. Effects of dry and humid climates on exercise-induced asthma in children and preadolescents. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1977; 60: 163–168.
55. Chen W.Y., Horton D.J. Heat and water loss from the airways and exercise-induced asthma. Respiration 1977; 34: 305–313.
56. Fitch K.D., Morton A.R. Specificity of exercise in exerciseinduced asthma. Br. Med. J. 1971; 4: 577–581.
57. Noviski N., Bar3Yishay E., Gur I., Godfrey S. Exercise intensity determines and climatic conditions modify the severity of exercise-induced asthma. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1987; 136: 592–594.
58. Silverman M., Anderson S.D. Standardization of exercise tests in asthmatic children. Arch. Dis. Child. 1972; 47: 882–889.
59. Strauss R.H., McFadden E.R. Jr, Ingram R.H. Jr et al. Influence of heat and humidity on the airway obstruction induced by exercise in asthma. J. Clin. Invest. 1978; 61: 433–440.
60. Strauss R.H., McFadden E.R. Jr, Ingram R.H. Jr, Jaeger J.J. Enhancement of exercise-induced asthma by cold air. N. Engl. J. Med.1977; 297: 743–747.
61. Anderson S.D., Schoeffel R.E. Respiratory heat and water loss during exercise in patients with asthma: effect of repeated exercise challenge. Eur. J. Respir. Dis. 1982; 63: 472–480.
62. Edmunds A.T., Tooley M., Godfrey S. The refractory period after exercise-induced asthma: its duration and relation to the severity of exercise. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1978; 117: 247–254.
63. Schnall R.P., Landau L.I. Protective effects of repeated short sprints in exercise-induced asthma. Thorax 1980; 35: 828–832.
64. Anderson S.D., Schoeffel R.E., Follet R. et al. Sensitivity to heat and water loss at rest and during exercise in asthmatic patients. Eur. J. Respir. Dis.1982; 63: 459–471.
65. Kivity S., Souhrada J.F. Hyperpnea: the common stimulus for bronchospasm in asthma during exercise and voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea. Respiration 1980; 40: 169–177.
66. Kivity S., Souhrada J.F., Melzer E. A dose-response-like relationship between minute ventilation and exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction in young asthmatic patients. Eur. J. Respir. Dis.1980; 61: 342–346.
67. McFadden E.R. Jr, Stearns D.R., Ingram R.H. Jr, Leith D.E. Relative contributions of hypocarbia and hyperpnea as mechanisms in postexercise asthma. J. Appl. Physiol. 1977; 42: 22–27.
68. Anderson S.D., Lambert S., Brannan J.D. et al. Laboratory protocol for exercise asthma to evaluate salbutamol given by two devices. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2001; 33: 893–900.
69. Davies C.T. Limitations to the prediction of maximum oxygen intake from cardiac frequency measurements. J. Appl. Physiol. 1968; 24: 700–706.
70. Carlsen K.H., Engh G., Mork M. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction depends on exercise load. Respir. Med. 2000; 94: 750–755.
71. Weiler J.M., Nathan R.A., Rupp N.T. et al. Effect of fluticasone / salmeterol administered via a single device on exercise-induced bronchospasm in patients with persistent asthma. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 94: 65–72.
72. Anderson S.D., Rodwell L.T., Du Toit J., Young I.H. Duration of protection by inhaled salmeterol in exerciseinduced asthma. Chest 1991; 100: 1254–1260.
73. Woolley M., Anderson S.D., Quigley B.M. Duration of protective effect of terbutaline sulfate and cromolyn sodium alone and in combination on exercise-induced asthma. Chest 1990; 97: 39–45.
74. Wilson B.A., Bar3Or O., O'Byrne P.M. The effects of indomethacin on refractoriness following exercise both with and without a bronchoconstrictor response. Eur. Respir. J. 1994; 7: 2174–2178.
75. Henriksen J.M. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: seasonal variation in children with asthma and in those with rhinitis. Allergy 1986; 41: 499–506.
76. Karjalainen J., Lindqvist A., Laitinen L.A. Seasonal variability of exercise-induced asthma especially outdoors: effect of birch pollen allergy. Clin. Exp. Allergy 1989; 19: 273–278.
77. Mussaffi H., Springer C., Godfrey S. Increased bronchial responsiveness to exercise and histamine after allergen challenge in children with asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1986; 77: 48–52.
78. Anderson S.D., Charlton B., Weiler J.M. et al. Comparison of mannitol and methacholine to predict exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and a clinical diagnosis of asthma. Respir. Res. 2009; 10: 4.
79. Brannan J.D., Anderson S.D., Perry C.P. et al. The safety and efficacy of inhaled dry powder mannitol as a bronchial provocation test for airway hyperresponsiveness: a phase 3 comparison study with hypertonic (4.5 %) saline. Respir. Res. 2005; 6: 144.
80. Brannan J.D., Koskela H., Anderson S.D., Chew N. Responsiveness to mannitol in asthmatic subjects with exercise- and hyperventilationinduced asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 1120–1126.
81. Holzer K., Anderson S.D., Chan H.K., Douglass J. Mannitol as a challenge test to identify exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite athletes. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 167: 534–537.
82. Hurwitz K.M., Argyros G.J., Roach J.M. et al. Interpretation of eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation in the diagnosis of asthma. Chest 1995; 108: 1240–1245.
83. Kersten E.T., Driessen J.M., van der Berg J.D., Thio B.J. Mannitol and exercise challenge tests in asthmatic children. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2009; 44: 655–661.
84. Lombardi E., Morgan W.J., Wright A.L. et al. Cold air challenge at age 6 and subsequent incidence of asthma: a longitudinal study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 156: 1863–1869.
85. Mannix E.T., Manfredi F., Farber M.O. A comparison of two challenge tests for identifying exercise-induced bronchospasm in figure skaters. Chest 1999; 115: 649–653.
86. Riedler J., Gamper A., Eder W., Oberfeld G. Prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to 4.5 % saline and its relation to asthma and allergy symptoms in Austrian children. Eur. Respir. J.1998; 11: 355–360.
87. Riedler J., Reade T., Dalton M. et al. Hypertonic saline challenge in an epidemiologic survey of asthma in children. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994; 150: 1632–1639.
88. Rundell K.W., Anderson S.D., Spiering B.A., Judelson D.A. Field exercise vs laboratory eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation to identify airway hyperresponsiveness in elite cold weather athletes. Chest 2004; 125: 909–915.
89. Ram F.S., Robinson S.M., Black P.N., Picot J. Physical training for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2005; CD001116.
90. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert panel report 3 (EPR-3): guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma – summary report 2007. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2007; 120: S94–S138.
91. Carlsen K.H., Anderson S.D., Bjermer L. et al. Treatment of exercise-induced asthma, respiratory and allergic disorders in sports and the relationship to doping: Part II of the report from the Joint Task Force of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) in cooperation with GA(2)LEN. Allergy 2008; 63: 492–505.
92. Tan R.A., Spector S.L. Exercise-induced asthma: diagnosis and management. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002; 89: 226–235; quiz 235–227, 297.
93. Dryden D.M., Spooner C.H., Stickland M.K. et al. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and asthma. Evid. Rep. Technol. Assess. (Full Rep) 2010; (189): 1–154, v–vi.
94. Hancox R.J., Subbarao P., Kamada D. et al. Beta2-agonist tolerance and exercise-induced bronchospasm. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 165: 1068–1070.
95. Weinberger M. Long-acting beta-agonists and exercise. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2008; 122: 251–253.
96. Nelson J.A., Strauss L., Skowronski M. et al. Effect of longterm salmeterol treatment on exercise-induced asthma. N. Engl. J. Med.1998; 339: 141–146.
97. Ramage L., Lipworth B.J., Ingram C.G. et al. Reduced protection against exercise induced bronchoconstriction after chronic dosing with salmeterol. Respir. Med. 1994; 88: 363–368.
98. Simons F.E., Gerstner T.V., Cheang M.S. Tolerance to the bronchoprotective effect of salmeterol in adolescents with exercise-induced asthma using concurrent inhaled glucocorticoid treatment. Pediatrics 1997; 99: 655–659.
99. Davis B.E., Reid J.K., Cockcroft D.W. Formoterol thrice weekly does not result in the development of tolerance to bronchoprotection. Can. Respir. J. 2003; 10: 23–26.
100. Nelson H.S., Weiss S.T., Bleecker E.R. et al. The salmeterol multicenter asthma research trial: a comparison of usual pharmacotherapy for asthma or usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol. Chest 2006; 129: 15–26.
101. Salpeter S.R., Buckley N.S., Ormiston T.M., Salpeter E.E. Meta-analysis: effect of long-acting beta-agonists on severe asthma exacerbations and asthma-related deaths. Ann. Intern. Med. 2006; 144: 904–912.
102. Lemanske R.F. Jr, Sorkness C.A., Mauger E.A. et al. Inhaled corticosteroid reduction and elimination in patients with persistent asthma receiving salmeterol: a randomized controlled trial. J.A.M.A. 2001; 285: 2594–2603.
103. Lazarus S.C., Boushey H.A., Fahy J.V. et al. Long-acting beta2-agonist monotherapy vs continued therapy with inhaled corticosteroids in patients with persistent asthma: a randomized controlled trial. J.A.M.A. 2001; 285: 2583–2593.
104. Koh M.S., Tee A., Lasserson T.J., Irving L.B. Inhaled corticosteroids compared to placebo for prevention of exercise induced bronchoconstriction. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2007; CD002739.
105. Duong M., Subbarao P., Adelroth E. et al. Sputum eosinophils and the response of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction to corticosteroid in asthma. Chest 2008; 133: 404–411.
106. Helenius I., Lumme A., Haahtela T. Asthma, airway inflammation and treatment in elite athletes. Sports Med. 2005; 35: 565–574.
107. Subbarao P., Duong M., Adelroth E. et al. Effect of ciclesonide dose and duration of therapy on exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2006; 117: 1008–1013.
108. Kippelen P., Larsson J., Anderson S.D. et al. Acute effects of beclomethasone on hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2010; 42: 273–280.
109. Sue3Chu M., Karjalainen E.M., Laitinen A. et al. Placebocontrolled study of inhaled budesonide on indices of airway inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial biopsies in cross-country skiers. Respiration 2000; 67: 417–425.
110. Edelman J.M., Turpin J.A., Bronsky E.A. et al. Oral montelukast compared with inhaled salmeterol to prevent exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction: a randomized, doubleblind trial. Exercise Study Group. Ann. Intern. Med. 2000; 132: 97–104.
111. Pearlman D.S., van Adelsberg J., Philip G. et al. Onset and duration of protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction by a single oral dose of montelukast. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006; 97: 98–104.
112. Philip G., Pearlman D.S., Villaran C. et al. Reiss TF. Single-dose montelukast or salmeterol as protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Chest 2007; 132: 875–883.
113. Rundell K.W., Spiering B.A., Baumann J.M., Evans T.M. Effects of montelukast on airway narrowing from eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation and cold air exercise. Br. J. Sports Med. 2005; 39: 232–236.
114. Kelly K., Spooner C.H., Rowe B.H. Nedocromil sodium vs. sodium cromoglycate for preventing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2000; CD002731.
115. Spooner C.H., Spooner G.R., Rowe B.H. Mast-cell stabilising agents to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2003; CD002307.
116. Baki A., Orhan F. The effect of loratadine in exerciseinduced asthma. Arch. Dis. Child 2002; 86: 38–39.
117. Manjra A.I., Nel H., Maharaj B. Effect of desloratadine on patients with allergic rhinitis and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a placebo controlled study. J. Asthma 2009; 46: 156–159.
118. Anderson S.D., Brannan J.D. Exercise-induced asthma: is there still a case for histamine? J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2002; 109: 771–773.
119. Bousquet J., Van Cauwenberge P., Bachert C. et al. Requirements for medications commonly used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). Allergy 2003; 58: 192–197.
120. McKenzie D.C., McLuckie S.L., Stirling D.R. The protective effects of continuous and interval exercise in athletes with exercise-induced asthma. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.1994; 26: 951–956.
121. Rundell K.W, Spiering B.A., Judelson D.A., Wilson M.H. Bronchoconstriction during cross-country skiing: is there really a refractory period? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2003; 35: 18–26.
122. Stickland M.K., Rowe B.H., Spooner C.H. et al. Effect of warm-up exercise on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2012; 44: 389–391.
123. Shturman3Ellstein R., Zeballos R.J., Buckley J.M., Souhrada J.F. The beneficial effect of nasal breathing on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1978; 118: 65–73.
124. Schachter E.N., Lach E., Lee M. The protective effect of a cold weather mask on exercised-induced asthma. Ann. Allergy 1981; 46: 12–16.
125. Beuther D.A., Martin R.J. Efficacy of a heat exchanger mask in cold exercise-induced asthma. Chest 2006; 129: 1188–1193.
126. Mickleborough T.D. A nutritional approach to managing exerciseinduced asthma. Exerc. Sport. Sci. Rev. 2008; 36: 135–144.
127. Mickleborough T.D., Fogarty A. Dietary sodium intake and asthma: an epidemiological and clinical review. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2006; 60: 1616–1624.
128. Mickleborough T.D., Lindley M.R. Diet and exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction. Chest 2006; 130: 623–624, author reply 624.
129. Tecklenburg S.L., Mickleborough T.D., Fly A.D. et al. Ascorbic acid supplementation attenuates exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma. Respir. Med. 2007; 101: 1770–1778.
130. Gotshall R.W., Mickleborough T.D., Cordain L. Dietary salt restriction improves pulmonary function in exerciseinduced asthma. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2000; 32: 1815–1819.
131. Mickleborough T.D., Lindley M.R., Ionescu A.A., Fly A.D. Protective effect of fish oil supplementation on exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction in asthma. Chest 2006; 129: 39–49.
132. Neuman I., Nahum H., Ben3Amotz A. Reduction of exercise-induced asthma oxidative stress by lycopene, a natural antioxidant. Allergy 2000; 55: 1184–1189.
133. Arm J.P., Horton C.E., Mencia3Huerta J.M. et al. Effect of dietary supplementation with fish oil lipids on mild asthma. Thorax 1988; 43: 84–92.
134. Mickleborough T.D., Murray R.L., Ionescu A.A., Lindley M.R. Fish oil supplementation reduces severity of exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction in elite athletes. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 168: 1181–1189.
135. Sadeh J., Israel E. Airway narrowing in athletes: a different kettle of fish? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 168: 1146–1147.
136. Erhola M., Makinen R., Koskela K. et al. The asthma programme of Finland: an evaluation survey in primary health care. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 2003; 7: 592–598.
137. Dickinson J.W., Whyte G.P., McConnell A.K., Harries M.G. Impact of changes in the IOC-MC asthma criteria: a British perspective. Thorax 2005; 60: 629–632.
138. Dickinson J.W., Whyte G.P., McConnell A.K., Harries M.G. Screening elite winter athletes for exercise induced asthma: a comparison of three challenge methods. Br. J. Sports Med. 2006; 40: 179–182.
139. Holzer K., Brukner P. Screening of athletes for exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction. Clin. J. Sport Med. 2004; 14: 134–138.
140. Boss L.P., Wheeler L.S., Williams P.V. et al. Populationbased screening or case detection for asthma: are we ready? J. Asthma 2003; 40: 335–342.
141. Yawn B.P. Asthma screening, case identification and treatment in school-based programs. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 2006; 12: 23–27.
142. Gerald L.B., Sockrider M.M., Grad R. et al. An official ATS workshop report: issues in screening for asthma in children. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2007; 4: 133–141.
143. Wilber R.L., Rundell K.W., Szmedra L. et al. Incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm in Olympic winter sport athletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2000; 32: 732–737.
144. Schwartz L.B., Delgado L., Craig T. et al. Exercise-induced hypersensitivity syndromes in recreational and competitive athletes: a PRACTALL consensus report (what the general practitioner should know about sports and allergy). Allergy 2008; 63: 953–961.
145. Elston J., Stein K. Public health implications of establishing a national programme to screen young athletes in the UK. Br. J. Sports Med. 2011; 45: 576–582.
146. Rundell K.W., Wilber R.L., Szmedra L. et al. Exerciseinduced asthma screening of elite athletes: field versus laboratory exercise challenge. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2000; 32: 309–316.
147. Rupp N.T., Brudno D.S., Guill M.F. The value of screening for risk of exercise-induced asthma in high school athletes. Ann. Allergy 1993; 70:339–342.
148. Schweizer C., Saugy M., Kamber M. Doping test reveals high concentrations of salbutamol in a Swiss track and field athlete. Clin. J. Sport Med. 2004; 14: 312–315.
149. van Baak M.A., de Hon O.M., Hartgens F., Kuipers H. Inhaled salbutamol and endurance cycling performance in non-asthmatic athletes. Int. J. Sports Med. 2004; 25: 533–538.
150. Rundell K.W., Spiering B.A., Baumann J.M., Evans T.M. Montelukast has no ergogenic effect on cycle ergometry in cold temperature. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2004; 36: 1847–1851.
Review
For citations:
Clinical guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of exercise!induced bronchoconstriction. PULMONOLOGIYA. 2013;(4):13-28. (In Russ.)
Views:
1705
Email this article 