Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких как системное заболевание

1. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global strategy for diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO workshop report. Last updated 2006. www.goldcopd.org/.

2. Pena V.S., Miravitlles M., Gabriel R. et al. Geographic variations in prevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD: results of the IBERPOC multicentre epidemiological study. Chest 2000; 118: 981–989.

3. Tzanakis N., Anagnostopoulou U., Filaditaki V. et al. COPD group of the Hellenic Thoracic Society: prevalence of COPD in Greece. Chest 2004; 125: 892–900.

4. de Marco R., Accordini S., Cerveri I. et al. European Community Respiratory Health Survey Study Group. An international survey of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young adults according to GOLD stages. Thorax 2004; 59: 120–125.

5. Celli B.R., MacNee W., Agusti AG et al. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 23: 932–946.

6. Hogg J.C., Macklem P.T., Thurlbeck W.M. Site and nature of airway obstruction in chronic obstructive lung disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 1968; 278: 1355–1360.

7. Chung KF, Caramori G, Groneberg DA, et al. Airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NEJM 2004; 351: 1459–1461

8. Chung K.F. Cytokines in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; suppl 34: 50s–59s.

9. Keatings V.M., Collins P.D., Scott D.M., Barnes P.J. Differences in interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factoralpha in induced sputum from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1996; 153: 530–534.

10. Wedzicha J.A., Seemungal T.A., MacCallum P.K. et al. Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are accompanied by elevations of plasma fibrinogen and serum IL-6 levels. Thromb. Haemost. 2000; 84: 210–215.

11. Kuschner W.G., D'Alessandro A., Wong H., Blanc P.D. Dosedependent cigarette smoking-related inflammatory responses in healthy adults. Eur. Respir. J. 1996; 9: 1989–1994.

12. Agusti A.G.N., Noguera A., Sauleda J. et al. Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 21: 347–360.

13. MacNee W. Oxidative stress and lung inflammation in airways disease. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2001; 429: 195–207.

14. Gan W.Q., Man S.F., Senthilselvan A., Sin D.D. The association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: a systematic review and a metaanalysis. Thorax 2004; 59: 574–580.

15. Man S.F., McAlister F.A., Anthonisen N.R., Sin D.D. Contemporary management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: clinical applications. J. A. M. A. 2003; 290: 2313–2316.

16. Sin D.D., Man S.F. Why are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? The potential role of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Circulation 2003; 107: 1514–1519.

17. Dahl M., Vestbo J., Lange P. et al. C-reactive protein as a predictor of prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 175: 250–255.

18. Man S.F.P., Connett J.E., Anthonisen N.R. et al. C-reactive protein and mortality in mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2006; 61: 849–853.

19. Donaldson G.C., Seemungal T.A.R., Patel I.S. et al. Decline in lung function in patients with COPD. Chest 2005; 128: 1995–2004.

20. Schols A.M., Slangen J., Volovics L., Wouters E.F.M. Weight loss is a reversible factor in the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 157: 1791–1797.

21. Schols A.M., Soeters P.B., Dingemans A.M.C. et al. Prevalence and characteristics of nutritional depletion in patients with stable COPD eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993; 147: 1151–1156.

22. Schols A.M. Nutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 2000; 6: 110–115.

23. Baarends E.M., Schols A.M.W.J., Slebos D.J. et al. Metabolic and ventilatory response pattern to arm elevation in patients with COPD and healthy age-matched subjects. Eur. Respir. J. 1995; 8: 1345–1351.

24. Marrades R.M., Sala E., Roca J. et al. Skeletal muscle function during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 155: A913

25. Pouw E.M., Schols A.M., Deutz N.E.P., Wouters E.F.M. Plasma and muscle amino acid levels in relation to resting energy expenditure and inflammation in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 797–801.

26. Sridhar M.K. Why do patients with emphysema lose weight? Lancet 1995; 345: 1190–1191.

27. Amoroso P., Wilson S.R., Moxham J., Ponte J. Acute effects of inhaled salbutamol on the metabolic rate of normal subjects. Thorax 1993; 48: 882–885.

28. Landbo C., Prescott E., Lange P. et al. Prognostic value of nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 160: 1856–1861.

29. Shoup R., Dalsky G., Warner S. et al. Body composition and health-related quality of life in patients with obstructive airways disease. Eur. Respir. J. 1997; 10: 1576–1580.

30. Palange P., Forte S., Felli A. et al. Nutritional state and exercise tolerance in patients with COPD. Chest 1995; 107: 1206–1212.

31. Celli B.R., Cote C.G., Marin J.M. et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004; 350: 1005–1012.

32. American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society. Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a statement of the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 159: S1–S40.

33. Killian K.J., Leblanc P., Martin D.H. et al. Exercise capacity and ventilatory, circulatory, and symptom limitation in patients with chronic airflow limitation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992; 146: 935–940.

34. Agusti A.G. Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2005; 2: 367–370.

35. Decramer M., Lacquet L.M., Fagard R., Rogiers P. Corticosteroids contribute to muscle weakness in chronic airflow obstruction. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1994; 150: 11–16.

36. Gosselink R., Troosters T., Decramer M. Peripheral muscle weakness contributes to exercise limitation in COPD. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1996; 153: 976–980.

37. Bernard S., LeBlanc P., Whittom F. et al. Peripheral muscle weakness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 629–634.

38. Satta A., Migliori G.B., Spanevello A. et al. Fibre types in skeletal muscles of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients related to respiratory function and exercise tolerance. Eur. Respir. J. 1997; 10: 2853–2860.

39. Maltais F., Leblanc P., Jobin J., Casaburi R. Peripheral muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rev. Mal. Respir. 2002; 19: 444–453.

40. Decramer M., De Benedetto F., Del Ponte A., Marinari S. Systemic effects of COPD. Respir. Med. 2005; 99 (suppl. B): S3–S10.

41. Pitta F., Troosters T., Spruit M.A. et al. Characteristics of physical activities in daily life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 171: 972–977.

42. Maltais F., Debigare R. Biology of muscle impairment in COPD. Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis. 2003; 59: 338–341.

43. Lazarus D.D., Moldawer L.L., Lowry S.F. Insulin-like growth factor-1 activity is inhibited by interleukin-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6. Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 1993; 12: 219–223.

44. Di Francia M., Barbier D., Mege J.L., Orehek J. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994; 150: 1453–1455. 45. Sevenoaks M.J., Stockley R.A. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, inflammation and common inflammatory phenotype? Respir. Res. 2006, 7:70 doi: 10.1186/1465–9921.

45. Gordon E.S., Dressman G.H.A., Hoffman E.P. The genetics of muscle atrophy and growth: the impact and implications of polymorphisms in animals and humans. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 2005; 37: 2064–2074.

46. Jakobsson P., Jorfeldt L., Brundin A. Skeletal muscle metabolites and fibre types in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with and without chronic respiratory failure. Eur. Respir. J. 1990; 3: 192–196.

47. Jagoe R.T., Engelen M.P. Muscle wasting and changes in muscle protein metabolism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; suppl. 46: 52s–63s.

48. Decramer M., de Bock V., Dom R. Functional and histologic picture of steroid-induced myopathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1996; 153:1958–1964.

49. Saey D., Debigare R., Leblanc P. et al. Contractile leg fatigue after cycle exercise: a factor limiting exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 168: 425–430.

50. Decramer M., Gosselink R., Troosters T. et al. Muscle weakness is related to utilization of health care resources in COPD patients. Eur. Respir. J. 1997; 10: 417–423.

51. Decramer M., De Benedetto F., Del Ponte A., Marinari S. Systemic effects of COPD. Respir. Med. 2005; 99: S3–S10.

52. Marquis K, Debigare R, Lacasse Y, et al. Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area is a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 166: 809–813.

53. Renkema T.E., Schouten J.P., Koeter G.H., Postma D.S. Effects of long-term treatment with corticosteroids in COPD. Chest 1996; 109: 1156–1162.

54. Lee T.A., Weiss K.B. Fracture risk associated with inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 169: 855–859.

55. Katsura H., Kida K. A comparison of bone mineral density in elderly female patients with COPD and bronchial asthma. Chest 2002; 122: 1949–1955.

56. Jorgensen N.R., Schwarz P., Holme I. et al. The prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – A cross sectional study. Respir. Med. 2007; 101: 177–185.

57. McEvoy C.E., Ensrud K.E., Bender E. et al. Association between corticosteroid use and vertebral fractures in older men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998, 157: 704–709.

58. Sin D.D., Man J.P., Man P.S.F. The Risk of Osteoporosis in Caucasian Men and Women with Obstructive Airways Disease. Am. J. Med. 2003; 114: 10–14.

59. Ionescu A.A., Schoon E. Osteoporosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 22 (suppl. 46): 64s–75s.

60. Bolton C.E., Ionescu A.A., Shiels K.M. et al. Associated loss of fat free mass and bone mineral density in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 170: 1286–1293.

61. Manolagas S.C. Role of cytokines in bone resorption. Bone 1995; 17 (2, suppl.): 63S–67S.

62. Chambellan A., Chailleux E., Similowski T. Prognostic value of the hematocrit in patients with severe COPD receiving long-term oxygen therapy. Chest 2005; 128: 1201–1208.

63. John M., Hoernig S., Doehner W. et al. Anemia and Inflammation in COPD. Chest 2005; 127: 825–829.

64. Cote C., Zilberberg M.D., Mody S.H. et al. Hemoglobin level and its clinical impact in a cohort of patients with COPD. ERJ Express. Published on January 24, 2007 as doi: 10.1183/09031936.00137106.

65. Similowski T., Agust A., MacNee W., Schonhofer B. The potential impact of anaemia disease in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2006; 27: 390–396.

66. Hole D.J., Watt G.C., Davey-Smith G. et al. Impaired lung function and mortality risk in men and women: findings from the Renfrew and Paisley prospective population study. Br. Med. J. 1996; 313: 711–775.

67. Anthonisen N.R., Connett J.E., Enright P.L., Manfreda J. Lung Health Study Research Group. Hospitalizations and mortality in the Lung Health Study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 166: 333–339.

68. Sin D.D., Wu L., Man S.F. The relationship between reduced lung function and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based study and a systematic review of the literature. Chest 2005; 127: 1952–1959.

69. Tockman M.S., Pearson J.D., Fleg J.L. et al. Rapid decline in FEV1 : a new risk factor for coronary heart disease mortality. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995; 151: 390–398.

70. Hozawa A., Billings J.L., Shahar E. et al. Lung function and ischemic stroke incidence: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Chest 2006; 130: 1642–1649.

71. Anthonisen N.R., Connett J.E., Kiley J.P. et al. Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1 : the Lung Health Study. J. A. M. A. 1994; 272: 1497–1505.

72. Heindl S., Lehnert M., Criee C.P. et al. Marked sympathetic activation in patients with chronic respiratory failure. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 164: 597–601.

73. Ridker P.M., Morrow D.A. C-reactive protein, inflammation, and coronary risk. Cardiol. Clin. 2003; 21: 315–325.

74. Verma S., Li S.H., Badiwala M.V. et al. Endothelin antagonism and interleukin-6 inhibition attenuate the proatherogenic effects of C-reactive protein. Circulation 2002; 105: 1890–1896.

75. Danesh J., Whincup P., Walker M. et al. Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses. Br. Med. J. 2000; 321: 199–204.

76. Ridker P.M., Rifai N., Pfeffer M.A. et al. Long-term effects of pravastatin on plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. The Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Investigators. Circulation 1999; 100: 230–235.

77. Ridker P.M., Buring J.E., Cook N.R., Rifai N. C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular events: an 8-year follow-up of 14 719 initially healthy American women. Circulation 2003; 107: 391–397.

78. Joppa P., Petrasova D., Stancak B., Tkacova R. Systemic inflammation in patients with COPD and pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2006; 130: 326–333.

79. Suggett A.J., Jarratt J.A., Proctor A., Howard P. Almitrine and peripheral neuropathy. Lancet 1985; 2: 830–831.

80. Jarratt J.A., Morgan C.N., Twomey J.A. et al. Neuropathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicentre electrophysiological and clinical study. Eur. Resp. J. 1992; 5: 517–524.

81. Takabatake N., Nakamura H., Minamihaba O. et al. A novel pathophysiologic phenomenon in cachexic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the relationship between the circadian rhythm of circulating leptin and the very low-frequency component of heart rate variability. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 1314–1319.

82. Wagena E.J., Huibers M.J.H., van Schayck C.P. Antidepressants in the treatment of patients with COPD: possible associations between smoking cigarettes, COPD and depression. Thorax 2001; 56: 587–588.

83. Arora O.P., Kapoor C.P., Sobti P. Study of gastroduodenal abnormalities in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1968; 50: 289–296.

84. Kellow J.E., Tao Z., Piper D.W. Ventilatory function in chronic peptic ulcer. Gastroenterology 1986; 91: 590–595.

85. Roussos A., Philippou N., Krietsepi V. et al. Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Med. 2005; 99: 279–284.

86. Rana J.S., Mittleman M.A., Sheikh J. et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabet. Care 2004; 27: 2478–2484.

87. Yeh H.C., Punjabi N.M., Wang N.Y. et al. Vital capacity as a predictor of incident type 2 diabetes. The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Diabet. Care 2005; 28: 1472–1479.

88. Wellen K.E., Hotamisligil G.S. Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. J. Clin. Invest. 2005; 115: 1111–1119.

89. Sin D.D., Lacy P., York E., Man S.F.P. Effects of fluticasone on systemic markers of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 170: 760–765.

90. Pinto-Plata V.M., Mullerova H., Toso J.F. et al. C-reactive protein in patients with COPD, control smokers and nonsmokers. Thorax 2006; 61: 23–28.

91. Huiart L., Ernst P., Ranouil X. et al. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 25: 634–639.

92. Lofdahl C.G., Postma D., Pride N. et al. Does inhaled budesonide protect against cardio-ischemic events in mild-moderate COPD: a post-hoc evaluation of the EUROSCOP study. In: European Respiratory Society conference: Abstract. Copenhagen; 2005. Abstr. № 255621.

93. Soyseth V., Brekke P.H., Smith P., Omland T. Statin use is associated with reduced mortality in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 29: 279–283.

94. Younis W.G., Chbeir E.A., Daher N.N. et al. Statins protect smokers from lung disease. Chest 2006; 139 (Annual meeting abstracts): 180S.

95. Ridker P.M., Rifai N., Clearfield M. et al. Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 344: 1959–1965.

96. Ridker P.M., Cannon C.P., Morrow D. et al. C-Reactive protein levels and outcomes after statin therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 352: 20–28.

97. Hattotuwa K.L., Gizycki M.J., Ansari T.W. et al. The effects of inhaled fluticasone on airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A double-blind, placebocontrolled biopsy study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 165: 1592–1596.

98. van der Vaart H., Koeter G.H., Postma D.S. et al. First study of infliximab treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 172: 465–469.

99. Mahler D.A., Huang S., Tabrizi M., Bell G.M. Efficacy and safety of a monoclonal antibody recognizing interleukin-8 in COPD: a pilot study. Chest 2004; 126: 926–934.