Detection and differential diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients of the pulmonary department with community-acquired pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The purpose of the present work was to study the problem of tuberculosis detection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the anamnesis and the role of Mantoux test and Diaskintest in diagnosing tuberculosis in patients hospitalized in the pulmonary department of the multidisciplinary emergency hospital.

Materials. According to the results of analysis of 122 medical records of inpatient patients (form 003/u) hospitalized are divided into 2 groups: 1^st – patients admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), 2^nd – patients with acute COPD, CAP at the follow-up of which was diagnosed in 73% of cases.

Results. The age of patients with acute COPD was found to be 48.0 ± 1.9 and 69.9 ± 2.7 years respectively (z = –1.44; p = 0.149). Acute onset, duration and intensity of coughing, and pronounced shortness of breath were observed in patients with COPD in the clinical picture, but a CAP was detected in the follow-up survey. Coughing, fever, leukocytosis and accelerated sedimentation rate were more common symptoms in patients without COPD. Tuberculosis was detected in 10.7% of patients in the pulmonary department, while DNA of mycobacteria tuberculosis in the epithelial lining fluid was found in 30.8% of cases. Positive results of simultaneous immunodiagnostics (Mantoux test and Diaskin-test) were recorded in 76.9% of cases.

Conclusion. Patients with COPD exacerbation, as well as patients with CAP, are a potential risk group for tuberculosis, need additional examination in the pulmonology department of the hospital according to the CAP standard to exclude or early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. If 2 diagnostic tests are used simultaneously (Mantoux test with 2 tuberculin units and Diaskintest), the accuracy and timeliness of tuberculosis diagnosis increases, including in case of exacerbation of COPD.

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