Bronchial asthma and respiratory system disorders as an "asthma-plus" syndrome
https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2018-28-6-722-729
Abstract
Comorbidity in asthma encompasses different respiratory system disorders including dysfunctional breathing and vocal cord dysfunction. Such comorbidity is referred to as "asthma-plus" syndrome. This condition is not fully investigated resulting in its late diagnosis and inadequate treatment. This article is a review of clinical signs, differential diagnosis, and key issues of management of "asthma-plus" syndrome.
About the Author
V. N. AbrosimovRussian Federation
Vladimir N. Abrosimov – Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of Chair of Therapy and Family Medicine with a Course of Medical and Social Expertise, Department of Additional Professional Education.
Ul. Vysokovoltnaya 9, Ryazan, 390026, tel.: (4912) 96-27-93
Competing Interests:
No conflict of interest
References
1. Hull J.H., Walsted E.S., Backer V. et al. The asthma-plus syndrome. Exp. Rev. Respir. Med. 2017; 11 (7): 513–515. DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1335602.
2. Chuchalin A.G., Aisanov Z.R., Belevskiy A.S. et al. Russian Respiratory Society. Federal clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma. 2016. Available at: http://spulmo.ru/download/Asthmarec3.pdf (in Russian).
3. GINA 2016. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Updated 2016. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/GINA-Appendix-2016-final.pdf
4. Porsbjerg C., Ulrik C., Skjold T. et al. Nordic consensus statement on the systematic assessment and management of possible severe asthma in adults. Eur. Clin. Respir. J. 2018; 5 (1): 1440868. DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2018.1440868.
5. Low K., Lau K.K., Holmes P. et al. Abnormal vocal cord function in difficult-to-treat asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2011; 184 (1): 50–56. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201010-1604OC.
6. Balkissoon R., Kenn K. Asthma: vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) and other dysfunctional breathing disorders. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2012; 33 (6): 595–605. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326959.
7. Boulet L.P., Boulay M.E. Asthma-related comorbidities. Exp. Rev. Respir. Med. 2011; 5 (3): 377–393. DOI: 10.1586/ers.11.34.
8. Porsbjerg C., Menzies-Gow A. Co-morbidities in severe asthma: clinical impact and management. Respirology. 2017; 22 (4): 651–661. DOI: 10.1111/resp.13026.
9. Abrosimov V.N. Bronchial asthma: hyperventilation and hyperventilation syndrome. In.: Chuchalin A.G., ed. Bronchial asthma. M.: Agar; 1997. Vol. 2: 3–39 (in Russian).
10. Thomas M., McKinley R.K., Freeman E. et al. The prevalence of dysfunctional breathing in adults in the community with and without asthma. Prim. Care Respir. J. 2005; 14 (2): 78–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcrj.2004.10.007.
11. Prys-Picard C.O., Kellett F., Niven R.M. Disproportionate breathlessness associated with deep sighing breathing in a patient presenting with difficult-to-treat asthma. Chest. 2006; 130 (6): 1723–1725. DOI: 10.1378/chest.130.6.1723.
12. Van Dixhoorn J. Hyperventilation and dysfunctional breathing. Biol. Psychol. 1997; (46): 90–91.
13. Folgering H. The pathophysiology of hyperventilation syndrome. Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis. 1999; 54 (4): 365–371.
14. Van Dixhoorn J., Folgering H. The Nijmegen Questionnaire and dysfunctional breathing. ERJ Open Res. 2015; 1 (1): 00001–2015. DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00001-2015.
15. Robson A. Dyspnoea, hyperventilation and functional cough: a guide to which tests help sort them out. Breathe (Sheff). 2017; 13 (1): 45–50. DOI: 10.1183/20734735.019716.
16. Ritz T., Rosenfield D., Steele A.M. et al. Controlling asthma by training of Capnometry-Assisted Hypoventilation (CATCH) vs slow breathing: a randomized controlled trial. Chest. 2014; 146 (5): 1237–1247. DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-0665.
17. Agache I., Ciobanu C., Paul G., Rogozea L. Dysfunctional breathing phenotype in adults with asthma – incidence and risk factors. Clin. Transl. Allergy. 2012; 2 (1): 18. DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-2-18.
18. Brussino L., Solidoro P., Rolla G. Is it severe asthma or asthma with severe comorbidities? J. Asthma Allergy. 2017; (10): 303–305. DOI: 10.2147/JAA.S150462.
19. Rakita D.R., Kuspanalieva D.S. Effect of hyperventilation syndrome on the quality of life of patients with bronchial asthma. Rossyskiy mediko-biologicheskiy vestnik imeni akademika I.P.Pavlova. 2012; (1): 86–87 (in Russian).
20. Veidal S., Jeppegaard M., Sverrild A. et al. The impact of dysfunctional breathing on the assessment of asthma control. Respir. Med. 2017; (123): 42–47. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.12.008.
21. Boulding R., Stacey R., Niven R., Fowler S.J. Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2016; 25 (141): 287–294. DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0088-2015.
22. de Groot E.P., Duiverman E.J., Brand P.L. Dysfunctional breathing in children with asthma: a rare but relevant comorbidity. Eur. Respir J. 2013; 41 (5): 1068–1073. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00130212.
23. Bruton A., Lee A., Yardley L. et al. Physiotherapy breathing retraining for asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 2018; 6 (1): 19–28. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30474-5.
24. Weinberger M., Doshi D. Vocal cord dysfunction: a functional cause of respiratory distress. Breathe (Sheff). 2017; 13 (1): 15–21. DOI: 10.1183/20734735.019316.
25. Brugman S. The many faces of vocal cord dysfunction: what 36 years of literature tell us. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 167 (7): A588.
26. Christopher K.L., Wood R.P., Eckert R.C. et al. Vocal-cord dysfunction presenting as asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 1983; 308 (26): 1566–1570. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198306303082605.
27. Traister R.S., Fajt M.L., Petrov A.A. The morbidity and cost of vocal cord dysfunction misdiagnosed as asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2016; 37 (2): 25–31. DOI: 10.2500/aap.2016.37.3936.
28. Fretzayas А., Moustaki М., Loukou I., Douros K. Differentiating vocal cord dysfunction from asthma. J. Asthma Allergy. 2017; (10): 277–283. DOI: 10.2147/JAA.S146007.
29. Morris M.J., Allan P.F., Perkins P.J. Vocal cord dysfunction, etiologies and treatment. Clin. Pulm. Med, 2006; 13 (2): 73–86. DOI: 10.1097/01.cpm.0000203745.50250.3b.
30. Traister R.S., Fajt M.L., Whitman-Purves E. et al. A retrospective analysis comparing subjects with isolated and co-existent vocal cord dysfunction and asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2013; 34 (4): 349–355. DOI: 10.2500/aap.2013.34.3673.
31. Ibrahim W.H., Gheriani H.A., Almohamed A.A., Raza T. Paradoxical vocal cord motion disorder: past, present and future. Postgrad Med. J. 2007; 83 (977): 164–172. DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.052522.
32. Idrees M., FitzGerald J.M. Vocal cord dysfunction in bronchial asthma. A review article. J. Asthma. 2015; 52 (4): 327–335. DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2014.982288.
33. Bisdorff B., Kenn K., Nowak D. et al. Asthma and vocal cord dysfunction related symptoms in the general population – a pilot study. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014; 113 (5): 576–577. DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.08.009.
34. Ng T.T. The forgotten cause of stridor in the emergency department. Open Access Emerg. Med. 2017; 9: 19–22. DOI: 10.2147/OAEM.S125593.
35. Kann K., Long B., Koyfman A. Clinical mimics: an emergency medicine-focused review of asthma mimics. J. Emerg. Med. 2017; 53 (2): 195–201. DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.01.005.
36. Truong A., Truong D.T. Vocal cord dysfunction: An updated review. Otolaryngology: Open Access. 2011; S1: 002. DOI: 10.4172/2161-119X.S1-002.
37. Morris M.J., Christopher K.L. Diagnostic criteria for the classification of vocal cord dysfunction. Chest. 2010; 138 (5): 1213–1223. DOI: 10.1378/chest.09-2944.
38. Traister R.S., Fajt M.L., Whitman-Purves E. et al. A retrospective analysis comparing subjects with isolated and co-existent vocalcord dysfunction and asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2013; 34 (4): 349–355. DOI: 10.2500/aap.2013.34.3673.
39. Kaminsky D.A. "All that wheezes is not asthma" (or COPD)! Сhest. 2015; 147 (2): 284–286. DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-1813.
40. Petrov Yu.V., Glotov S.I., Abrosimov V.N. The first experience of intrapulmonary electronic auscultation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. Nauka molodykh (Eruditio Juvenium). 2015; (4): 45–49 (in Russian).
41. Randhawa I., Nussbaum E. Images in clinical medicine. Not all that wheezes is bronchial asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010; 363 (1): e1. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm0906105.
42. Amimoto Y., Nakano H., Masumoto N. Lung sound analysis in a patient with vocal cord dysfunction and bronchial asthma. J. Asthma. 2012; 49 (3): 227–229. DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2012.656867.
43. Sandage M.J., Zelazny S.K. Paradoxical vocal fold motion in children and adolescents. Lang. Speech Hear. Serv. Sch. 2004; 35 (4): 353–362. DOI: 10.1044/0161-1461(2004/034).
44. Liyanagedera S., McLeod R., Elhassan H.A. Exercise induced laryngeal obstruction: a review of diagnosis and management. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2017; 274 (4): 1781–1789. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4338-1.
45. Johansson H., Norlander K., Berglund L. et al. Prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in a general adolescent population. Thorax. 2015; 70 (1): 57–63. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205738.
46. Buchvald F., Phillipsen L.D., Hjuler T., Nielsen K.G. Exercise-induced inspiratory symptoms in school children. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2016; 51 (11): 1200–1205. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23530.
47. Hseu A., Sandler M., Ericson D. et al. Paradoxical vocal fold motion in children presenting with exercise induced dyspnea. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 2016; (90): 165–169. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.09.007.
48. Forrest L.A., Husein T., Husein O. Paradoxical vocal cord motion: classification and treatment. Laryngoscope. 2012; 122 (4): 844–853. DOI: 10.1002/lary.23176.
49. Christopher K.L., Morris M.J. Vocal cord dysfunction, paradoxic vocal fold motion, or laryngomalacia? Our understanding requires an interdisciplinary approach. Otolaryngol. Clin. North. Am. 2010; 43 (1): 43–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2009.12.002.
50. Maschka D.A., Bauman N.M., McCray P.B. Jr et al. A classification scheme for paradoxical vocal cord motion. Laryngoscope. 1997; 107 (11, Pt 1): 1429–1435.
51. Mirza К.К., Walsted Е.S., Backer V. Ergospirometry with concurrent fibre optic laryngoscopy: a randomised crossover study. Eur. Clin. Respir. J. 2017; 4 (1): 1399033. DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2017.1399033.
52. Chiang T., Marcinow A.M., de Silva B.W. et al. Exercise-induced paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder: diagnosis and management. Laryngoscope. 2013; 123 (3): 727–731. DOI: 10.1002/lary.23654.
53. Hull J.H., Ansley L., Price O.J. et al. Eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea: gold standard for diagnosing exercise-Induced bronchoconstriction in athletes? Sports Med. 2016; 46 (8): 1083–1093. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0491-3.
54. Gimenez L.M., Zafra H. Vocal cord dysfunction: an update. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011; 106 (4): 267–274. DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.09.004.
55. Komarow H.D., Young M., Nelson C., Metcalfe D.D. Vocal cord dysfunction as demonstrated by impulse oscillometry. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract. 2013; 1 (4): 387–393. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2013.05.005.
56. Fowler S.J., Thurston A., Chesworth B. et al. The VCDQ – a questionnaire for symptom monitoring in vocal cord dysfunction. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 2015; 45 (9): 1406–1411. DOI: 10.1111/cea.12550.
57. Traister R.S., Fajt M.L., Landsittel D., Petrov A.A. A novel scoring system to distinguish vocal cord dysfunction from asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract. 2014; 2 (1): 65–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2013.09.002.
58. Patel R.R., Venediktov R., Schooling T., Wang B. Evidence-based systematic review: Effects of speech-language pathology treatment for Individuals with paradoxical vocal fold motion. Am. J. Speech Lang. Pathol. 2015; 24 (3): 566–584. DOI: 10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0120.
59. Kenn K., Balkissoon R. Vocal cord dysfunction: what do we know? Eur. Respir. J. 2011; 37 (1): 194–200. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00192809.
60. Hemph A.B., Jakobsson J.G. Helium-oxygen mixture for treatment in upper airway obstruction; a mini-review. J. Acute Med. 2016; 6 (4): 77–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacme.2016.08.006.
Review
For citations:
Abrosimov V.N. Bronchial asthma and respiratory system disorders as an "asthma-plus" syndrome. PULMONOLOGIYA. 2018;28(6):722-729. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2018-28-6-722-729