The review of the bronchial asthma morbidity in the population of the Russian Federation

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), bronchial asthma (BA) is a major non-communicable disease which affects both adults and children and thereby impacts the economy.

The aim. To analyze the bronchial asthma morbidity and follow-up care in Russia in 2019 as compared with 2014.

Methods. The official statistical data of the Ministry of Health of Russia and the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) on BA was used. BA was defined as class X J45 – J46 (asthma, asthmatic status) according to the International Classification of Diseases and Health-Related Problems, the 10th revision of 1 989 (ICD-10).

Results. The BA morbidity was 961.6 in 2014 and 1085.0 (+11.4%; p < 0,001) per 100 thousand of the total population in 2019 (1,592,596 people). BA accounted for 2.7% of all respiratory diseases (RD) morbidity. The BA morbidity in 2014 and 2019 were higher than average in 4 federal districts (FD) with the maximum rate in the Siberian FD (1,185.5 and 1,507.1 per 100 thousand of the total population, respectively). In 2019, the BA morbidity decreased among children aged 0 – 14 years, did not change among children aged 15 – 17 years and increased among the adults. In 2019, the highest rates among children aged 15 – 17 years were registered in the North-Western FD (2,943.7 per 100 thousand in the corresponding age group). 87.1% of BA patients received follow-up care. In 2019, 32.3% of all people with respiratory diseases (944.3 per 100 thousand of the total population) were under follow-up care. The highest number of BA patients under follow-up care was recorded in the Siberian FD (1,328.3 per 100 thousand of the total population), the lowest number – in the North Caucasian FD (288.3).

Conclusion. There was an increase of BA morbidity from 2014 to 2019 with the highest numbers reported in the total population of Siberian FD and the lowest – in adolescents aged 15 – 17 years in North-Western FD. The quality of medical care correlated with high coverage with follow-up care.

1. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020; 396 (10258): 1204–1222. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30925-9.

2. WHO. Asthma. Available at: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma (in Russian).

3. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention, 2020. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/GINA-2020-full-report_-final-_wms.pdf

4. Russian Respiratory Society. Russian Association of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. The Union of Pediatricians of Russia. [Clinical recommendations. Asthma – 2021–2022–2023]. Approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (23.06.2021). Available at: http://disuria.ru/_ld/10/1037_kr21J45J46MZ.pdf (in Russian)

5. Drapkina O.M., Drozdova L.Yu., Avdeev S.N. et al. [The outpatient medical care in patients with chronic diseases under dispensary supervision in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Temporary guidelines. Version 2]. Cardiovascularnaya terapiya i profilaktika. 2021; 20 (8): 3172. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-3172 (in Russian).

6. Russian Respiratory Society. Pediatric Respiratory Society. Federation of Pediatricians of the CIS Countries. [The national program “Asthma in children. Treatment strategy and prevention”]. 4th edn. Moscow; 2012. Available at: http://astgmu.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Natsionalnaya-programma-BA-u-detej.-Strategiyalecheniya-i-profilaktika.pdf (in Russian).

7. Drapkina O.M., Kontsevaya A.V., Kalinina A.M. et al. [2022 Prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases in the Russian Federation. National guidelines]. Cardiovascularnaya terapiya i profilaktika 2022; 21 (4): 3235. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3235 (in Russian).