Возможность уменьшения числа обострений у больных ХОБЛ при длительном приеме N-ацетилцистеина

1. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global strategy for diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO workshop report. Last updated 2005. www.goldcopd.org/

2. Pena V.S., Miravitlles M., Gabriel R. et al. Geographic variations in prevalence and underdiagnosis. of COPD: results of the IBERPOC multicentre epidemiological study. Chest 2000; 118: 981–989.

3. Tzanakis N., Anagnostopoulou U., Filaditaki V. et al. COPD group of the Hellenic Thoracic Society: prevalence of COPD in Greece. Chest 2004; 125: 892–900.

4. de Marco R., Accordini S., Cerveri I. et al. European Community Respiratory Health Survey Study Group. An international survey of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young adults according to GOLD stages. Thorax 2004; 59: 120–125.

5. Lopez A.D., Shibuya K., Rao C. et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current burden and future projections. Eur. Respir. J. 2006; 27: 397–412.

6. National Lung Health Education Program (NLHEP). Strategies in preserving lung health and preventing COPD and associated diseases. Chest 1998; 113: 123S–163S.

7. Stanford R.H., Shen Y., McLaughlin T. Cost of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department and hospital: an analysis of administrative data from 218 US hospitals. Treat. Respir. Med. 2006; 5: 343–349.

8. Donaldson G.C., Seemungal T.A.R., Bhowmik A., Wedzicha J.A. Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2002; 57: 847–852.

9. Seemungal T.A.R., Donaldson G.C., Paul E.A. et al. Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 151: 1418–1422.

10. Miravitlles M., Murio C., Guerrero T. et al. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD. Chest 2002; 121: 1449–1455.

11. Seneff M.G., Wagner D.P., Wagner R.P. et al. Hospital and 1-year survival of patients admitted to intensive care units with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. A. M. A. 1995; 274: 1852–1857.

12. Celli B.R., MacNee W. and committee members of ATS/ ERS Task Force. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 23: 932–946.

13. Scott S., Walker P., Calverley P.M.A. COPD exacerbations: Prevention. Thorax 2006; 61: 440–7.

14. Чучалин А.Г., Соодаева С.К., Авдеев С.Н. Флуимуцил: механизмы действия и значение в терапии заболеваний органов дыхания. М.: Zambon Group S.P.A; 2004. 1–49.

15. Morrison D., Rahman I., Lannan S., MacNee W. Epithelial permeability, inflammation, and oxidant stress in the airspaces of smokers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 159: 473–479.

16. MacNee W., Rahman I. Oxidants and antioxidants as therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 160: S58–S65.

17. Cantin A., Crystal R.G. Oxidants, antioxidants and the pathogenesis of emphysema. Eur. J. Respir. Dis. 1985; 139 (suppl.): 7–17.

18. Dekhuijzen P.N.R. Antioxidant properties of N-acetylcysteine: their relevance in relationnto chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 23: 629–636.

19. Sadowska A.M., Verbraecken J., Darquennes K., De Backer W.A. Role of N-acetylcysteine in the management of COPD. Inter. J. COPD 2006: 1: 1–10.

20. Dekhuijzen P.N.R., Aben K.K.H., Dekker I. et al. Increased exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in patients with stable and unstable COPD. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1996; 154: 813–816.

21. Biernacki W.A., Kharitonov S.A., Barnes P.J. Increased leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate of patients with exacerbations of COPD. Thorax 2003; 58: 294–298.

22. Moldeus P., Cotgreave I.A., Berggren M. Lung protection by a thiol-containing antioxidant: N-acetylcysteine. Respiration 1986; 50: 31–42.

23. Halliwell B., Gutteridge J.M.C. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 3rd ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 1999.

24. van der Vliet A., O'Neill C.A., Cross C.E. et al. Determination of low-molecular-mass antioxidant concentrations in human respiratory tract lining fluids. Am. J. Physiol. 1999; 276: L289–296.

25. Verstraeten J.M. Mucolytic treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Double-blind comparative clinical trial with Nacetylcysteine, bromhexine and placebo. Acta Tuberc. Pneumo.l Belg. 1979; 70: 71–80.

26. van Overveld F.J., Demkow U., Gorecka D. et al. New developments in the treatment of COPD: comparing the effects of inhaled corticosteroids and N-acetylcysteine. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2005; 56 (suppl. 4): 135–142.

27. van Overveld F.J., Vermeire P.A., De Backer W.A. Induced sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) contains adhesion-promoting, therapy-sensitive factors. Inflamm. Res. 2000; 49: 8–13.

28. Bhowmik A., Seemungal T.A.R., Sapsford R.J. et al. Relation of sputum inflammatory markers to symptoms and lung function changes in COPD exacerbations. Thorax 2000; 55: 114–20.

29. Tattersall A.B., Bridgman K.M., Huitson A. Acetylcysteine (Fabrol) in chronic bronchitis — a study in general practice. J. Int. Med. Res. 1983; 11: 279–284.

30. Aylward M., Maddock J., Dewland P. Clinical evaluation of acetylcysteine in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: a balanced double-blind trial with placebo control. Eur. J. Respir. Dis. 1980; 111 (suppl.): 81–9.

31. Pela R., Calcagni A.M., Subiaco S. et al. N-acetylcysteine reduces the exacerbation rate in patients with moderate to severe COPD. Respiration 1999; 66: 495–500.

32. Stey C., Steurer J., Bachmann S. et al. The effect of oral N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis: a quantitative systematic review. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 16: 253–262.

33. Boman G., Backer U., Larsson S. et al. Oral acetylcysteine reduces exacerbation rate in chronic bronchitis: report of a trial organized by the Swedish Society for Pulmonary Diseases. Eur. J. Respir. Dis. 1983; 64: 405–415.

34. Decramer M., Rutten van Molken M., Dekhuijzen P.N. et al. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Bronchitis Randomized on NAC Cost-Utility Study, BRONCUS): a randomised placebocontrolled trial. Lancet 2005; 365: 1552–1560.

35. Rasmussen J.B., Glennow C. Reduction in days of illness after long-term treatment with N-acetylcysteine controlledrelease tablets in patients with chronic bronchitis. Eur. Respir. J. 1988; 1: 351–355.

36. Parr G.D., Huitson A. Oral Fabrol (oral N-acetyl-cysteine) in chronic bronchitis. Br. J. Dis. Chest 1987; 81: 341–8.

37. Jackson I.M., Barnes J., Cooksey P. Efficacy and tolerability of oral acetylcysteine (Fabrol) in chronic bronchitis: a double-blind placebo controlled study. J. Int. Med. Res. 1984; 12: 198–206

38. Hansen N.C., Skriver A., BrorsenRiis L. et al. Orally administered N-acetylcysteine may improve general well-being in patients with mild chronic bronchitis. Respir. Med. 1994; 88: 531–535.

39. Koechlin C., Couillard A., Simar D. et al. Does oxidative stress alter quadriceps endurance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 169: 1022–1027.

40. Gerrits C.M., Herings R.M.C., Leufkens H.G.M., Lammers J.W.J. N-acetylcystine reduce risk of re-hospitalization among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 21: 795–798.

41. Demedts M., Behr J., Buhl R. et al. High-dose acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 353: 2229–2242.

42. Matuszczak Y., Farid M., Jones J. et al. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on glutathione oxidation and fatigue during handgrip exercise. Muscle Nerve 2005; 32: 633–638.

43. Grandjean E.M., Berthet P., Ruffmann R., Leuenberger P. Efficacy of oral long-term N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchopulmonary disease: a meta-analysis of published double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Clin. Ther. 2000; 22: 209–221.

44. Poole P.J., Black P.N. Oral mucolytic drugs for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review. B.M.J. 2001; 322: 1271–1274.

45. Decramer M., Dekhuijzen P.N.R., Troosters T. et al. and the BRONCUS-trial Committee. The Bronchitis Randomized On NAC Cost-Utility Study (BRONCUS): hypothesis and design. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 17: 329–336.

46. Sutherland E.R., Crapo J.D., Bowler R.P. N-Acetylcysteine and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of COPD 2006; 3: 195–202.

47. British Thoracic Society Research Committee. Oral N-acetylcysteine and exacerbation rates in patients with chronic bronchitis and severe airways obstruction. Thorax 1985; 40: 832–835.

48. Grassi C., Morandini G.C. A controlled trial of intermittent oral acetylcysteine in the long-term treatment of chronic bronchitis. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1976; 09: 393–396.

49. Multicenter Study Group. Long-term oral acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis. a double-blind controlled study. Eur. J. Respir. Dis. 1980; 111 (suppl.): 93–108.

50. Alsaeedi A., Sin D.D., McAlister F.A. The effects of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Am. J. Med. 2002; 113: 59–65.

51. Kasielski M., Nowak D. Long-term administration of N-acetylcysteine decreases hydrogen peroxide exhalation in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Med. 2001; 95: 448–456.

52. De Benedetto F., Aceto A., Formisano S. et al. Long-term treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) decreases hydrogen peroxide level in exhaled air of patients with moderate COPD. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: A725.

53. Bridgeman M.M., Marsden M., Selby C. et al. Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on the concentrations of thiols in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue. Thorax 1994; 49: 670–675

54. MacNee W., Bridgeman M.M., Marsden M. et al. The effects of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione on smoke-induced changes in lung phagocytes and epithelial cells. Am. J. Med. 1991; 91: 60S–66S.

55. Meyer A., Buhl R., Kampf S., Magnussen H. Intravenous Nacetylcysteine and lung glutathione of patients with pulmonary fibrosis and normals. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995; 152: 1055–1060.

56. App E.M., Baran D., Dab I. et al. Dose-finding and 24-h monitoring for efficacy and safety of aerosolized Nacystelyn in cystic fibrosis. Eur. Respir. J. 2002; 19: 294–302.

57. Tomioka H., Kuwata Y., Imanaka K. et al. A pilot study of aerosolized N-acetylcysteine for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2005; 10: 449–55.