<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2016-26-2-222-230</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-705</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модель мукоцилиарной очистки легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Model of mucociliary clearance of the lung</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорович</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorovich</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. ф.-м. н., научный сотрудник ООО "НТМ-Защита", тел.:(495) 500-03-00;</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor in Physics &amp; Mathematics, Researcher at LLC «NTM-Zashchita»; tel.: (495) 500-03-00;</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fedorgv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «НТМ-Защита»: 115201, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 22, корп. 4, стр. 7</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC "NTM-Zashchita": 22, build. 4/7, Kashirskoe av., Moscow, 115201, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>222</fpage><lpage>230</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федорович Г.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федорович Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorovich G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/705">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/705</self-uri><abstract><p>При современном уровне понимания процессов очистки воздуха в легких актуальна задача перехода от качественного, словесного описания к построению количественных математических моделей, при помощи которых должны быть описаны как процессы осаждения пыли на стенках бронхов, так и очистка бронхов от осевших частиц. Осаждение частиц наиболее эффективно за счет инерционных эффектов при движении по криволинейным траекториям в самозакрученных вихревых потоках воздуха. Этот механизм, отличающийся тем, что осаждение происходит за несколько циклов вдох–выдох, эффективен для частиц диаметром &gt; 1–2 мкм. Целью конструирования модели очистки легких является проверка соответствия действующих санитарно-гигиенических нормативов современным представлениям о возможностях мукоцилиарной системы. Для этого известная морфометрическая модель трахеобронхиального дерева дополнена математической формулировкой задачи о пространственно-временных распределениях потоков секрета в нем. По результатам анализа максимальных возможностей мукоцилиарной эскалации оцениваются допустимые значения массовой концентрации пыли в воздухе рабочей зоны, близкие к действующим санитарно-гигиеническим нормативам. Продемонстрирована важность учета временных характеристик мукоцилиарной эскалации пыли, осевшей в легких. Установлено существование режима накопления частиц в легких, обусловленного недостатком времени очистки при периодическом пылевом воздействии. Защита временем при таком воздействии должна реализовываться не за счет уменьшения времени рабочей смены, а за счет увеличения интервалов между сменами. Для полноценной очистки легких после вдыхания пылевых частиц диаметром &lt; 4 мкм необходимо несколько суток. Именно таким должен быть интервал между рабочими сменами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aimof this study was development of a model of the lung clearance in order to test an accordance of current sanitary regulations to recent view on mucociliary clearance capacity. Methods. We used a statistical morphometric model of the tracheobronchial tree. The model parameters were chosen to fit for experiments on slowly clearance of the lungs from calibrated-size aerosols. Results. The improved model of the tracheobronchial tree permits assessment of the maximal mass transported by the mucociliary escalator. An accumulation phase has been found which is due to a lack of time for the airway clearance in subjects regularly exposed to the air dust. Moreover, dust exposure standardization should consider not only the air pollution level but duration of pollutant air exposure and time intervals between shifts. The latter should be long enough to eliminate dust particles out of deep (in accordance to the particle size) parts of the tracheobronchial tree. Conclusion. These data could be useful for determination of acceptable air pollution and shift work scheduling.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>легкие</kwd><kwd>мукоцилиарная очистка</kwd><kwd>осаждение частиц</kwd><kwd>транспорт частиц</kwd><kwd>дескриптивное моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lung</kwd><kwd>mucociliary clearance</kwd><kwd>dust particles</kwd><kwd>particle transport</kwd><kwd>descriptive modeling</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кобылянский В.И. Мукоцилиарная система. Фундаментальные и прикладные аспекты. М.: Бином; 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobylyanskiy V.I. Mucociliary system. Basic and practical aspects. Moscow: Binom; 2008 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федоров С.Ю., Никаноров Б., Хадарцев А. и др. К математическому и физическому моделированию процесса ингаляции в системе ингалятор-респираторный тракт. Пульмонология. 1995; 3: 20–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorov S.Yu., Nikanorov B., Khadartsev A. et al. About mathematic and physical modelling of inhalation through an inhaler and the airways. Pul'monologiya. 1995; 3: 20–27 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорович Г.В. Роль инерционного механизма в процессе очистки воздуха в легких от аэрозольных частиц. Пульмонология. 2013; 2: 114–118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorovich G.V. A role of inertial mechanism for airway clearance of aerosol particles. Pul'monologiya. 2013; 2: 114–118 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеев С.Н. Устройство доставки ингаляционных препаратов, используемые при терапии заболеваний дыхательных путей. Русский медицинский журнал: Пульмонология. Аллергология. 2002; 10 (5): 255–261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avdeev S.N. Inhalation drug delivery devices used for treatment of the airway diseases. Russkiy meditsinskiy zhurnal: Pul'monologiya. Allergologiya. 2002; 10 (5): 255–261 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weibel E.R. Morphometry of the human lung. New-York: Academic Press; 1963.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weibel E.R. Morphometry of the human lung. New-York: Academic Press; 1963.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofmann W., Mainelis G., Mohamed A. et al. Modeling approaches in current lung dosimetry models. Environ. Intern. 1996; 22 (Suppl. 1): S965–S976.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofmann W., Mainelis G., Mohamed A. et al. Modeling approaches in current lung dosimetry models. Environ. Intern. 1996; 22 (Suppl. 1): S965–S976.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morphometry H.K of airways. Handbook of physiology. Am. Physiol. Soc.; 1986. Chap. 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morphometry H.K of airways. Handbook of physiology. Am. Physiol. Soc.; 1986. Chap. 7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gemci T., Ponyavin V., Chen Y. et al. Computational model of airflow in upper 17 generations of human respiratory tract. Biomechanics. 2008: 41: 2047–2054.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gemci T., Ponyavin V., Chen Y. et al. Computational model of airflow in upper 17 generations of human respiratory tract. Biomechanics. 2008: 41: 2047–2054.Kitaoka H., Takaki R., Suki B. A three-dimensional model of the human airway tree. J. Appl. Physiol. 1999; 87: 2207–2217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kitaoka H., Takaki R., Suki B. A three-dimensional model of the human airway tree. J. Appl. Physiol. 1999; 87: 2207–2217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tgavalekos N., Venegas J.G., Suki B. et.al. Relation between structure, function, and imaging in a three-dimensional model of the lung. Ann. Biomed. Engineer. 2003; 31: 363–373.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tgavalekos N., Venegas J.G., Suki B. et.al. Relation between structure, function, and imaging in a three-dimensional model of the lung. Ann. Biomed. Engineer. 2003; 31: 363–373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofmann W., Sturm R., Asgharian B. Stochastic simulation of particle clearance in human bronchial airways, J. Aerosol Sci. 2001; 32 (Suppl.): S807–S808.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofmann W., Sturm R., Asgharian B. Stochastic simulation of particle clearance in human bronchial airways, J. Aerosol Sci. 2001; 32 (Suppl.): S807–S808.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sturm R., Hofmann W., Scheuch G. et .al. Particle clearance in human bronchial airways: Comparison of stochastic model predictions with experimental data. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 2002; 46 (Suppl.): S329–S333.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sturm R., Hofmann W., Scheuch G. et .al. Particle clearance in human bronchial airways: Comparison of stochastic model predictions with experimental data. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 2002; 46 (Suppl.): S329–S333.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lippmann M., Yeates D.B., Albert R.E. Deposition, retention, and clearance of inhaled particles. Br. J. Industr. Med. 1980; 37: 337–362.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lippmann M., Yeates D.B., Albert R.E. Deposition, retention, and clearance of inhaled particles. Br. J. Industr. Med. 1980; 37: 337–362.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foster W.M., Langenback E.G., Bergofsky E.H. Lung mucociliary function in man. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1982; 26: 227–244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foster W.M., Langenback E.G., Bergofsky E.H. Lung mucociliary function in man. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1982; 26: 227–244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeates D.B., Gerrity T.R., Garrard C.S. Characteristics of tracheobronchial deposition and clearance in man. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1982; 26: 245–257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeates D.B., Gerrity T.R., Garrard C.S. Characteristics of tracheobronchial deposition and clearance in man. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1982; 26: 245–257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeates D.B., Pitt B.R., Spector D.M. et al. Coordination of mucociliary transport in human trachea and intrapulmonary airways. J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 1981; 51, 1057–1064.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeates D.B., Pitt B.R., Spector D.M. et al. Coordination of mucociliary transport in human trachea and intrapulmonary airways. J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 1981; 51, 1057–1064.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sturm R., Hofmann W., Scheuch G. et al. Particle Clearance in human bronchial airways: Comparison of stochastic model predictions with experimental data. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 2002; 46 (Suppl. 1): 329–333.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sturm R., Hofmann W., Scheuch G. et al. Particle Clearance in human bronchial airways: Comparison of stochastic model predictions with experimental data. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 2002; 46 (Suppl. 1): 329–333.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee P.S., Gerrity T.R., Hass F.J. et al. A model for tracheobronchial clearance of inhaled particles in man and a comparison with data. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.1979; 26: 624–630.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee P.S., Gerrity T.R., Hass F.J. et al. A model for tracheobronchial clearance of inhaled particles in man and a comparison with data. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.1979; 26: 624–630.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breslav I.S., Isaev G.G., eds. Respiratory physiology. Saint Petersburg: Nauka; 1994 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бреслав И.С., Исаев Г.Г., ред. Физиология дыхания. СПб: Наука; 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Handbook on hygienic control of occupational factors and labour. Criteria and characterization of working conditions. Р 2.2.2006-05. Moscow: Minzdrav Rossii; 2005 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководство по гигиенической оценке факторов рабочей среды и трудового процесса. Критерии и классификация условий труда. Р 2.2.2006-05. М.: Минздрав России; 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Руководство по гигиенической оценке факторов рабочей среды и трудового процесса. Критерии и классификация условий труда. Р 2.2.2006-05. М.: Минздрав России; 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
