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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2016-26-1-5-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-667</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDITORIAL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Геномные технологии в пульмонологии: роль микроРНК в развитии бронхиальной астмы и хронической обструктивной болезни легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genome technologies in pulmonology: a role of microRNA in asthma and COPD development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>Ж. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>Zh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии им. акад. М.В.Черноруцкого ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова» Минздрава России; тел.: (812) 338-78-98;</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor at M.V.Chernorutskiy Department of Hospital Internal Medicine, State Institution “Academician I.P.Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University”, Healthcare Ministry of Russia; tel.: (812) 338-78-98;</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhanmir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьяченко</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>D'yachenko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор кафедры госпитальной терапии им. акад. М.В.Черноруцкого ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова» Минздрава России; тел.: (905) 272-20-35</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident Physician at M.V.Chernorutskiy Department of Hospital Internal Medicine, State Institution “Academician I.P.Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University”, Healthcare Ministry of Russia; tel.: (905) 272-20-35;</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diyachenko_nickolay@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улитина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulitina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской генетики отдела молекулярно-генетических и нанобиологических технологий НИЦ ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова» Минздрава России; тел.: (921) 312-55-84</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher at Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Division of Molecular and Nanobiological Technologies, Research Center of State Institution “Academician I.P.Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University”, Healthcare Ministry of Russia; tel.: (921) 312-55-84</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">row-an@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофимов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trofimov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>. м. н., профессор, зав. кафедрой госпитальной терапии им. акад. М.В.Черноруцкого ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова» Минздрава России; тел.: (812) 338-67-46;</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, Head of M.V.Chernorutskiy Department of Hospital Internal Medicine, State Institution “Academician I.P.Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University”, Healthcare Ministry of Russia; tel.: (812) 338-67-46</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trofvi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пчелина</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pchelina</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. б. н., зав. лабораторией медицинской генетики отдела молекулярно-генетических и нанобиологических технологий НИЦ ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова» Минздрава России; тел.: (921) 304-81-87;</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor in Biology, Head of Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Division of Molecular and Nanobiological Technologies, Research Center of State Institution “Academician I.P.Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University”, Healthcare Ministry of Russia; tel.: (921) 304-81-87; </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sopchelina@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., член-корр. РАН, зав. лабораторией нанобиотехнологий ФГБУ ВОиН «Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский Академический университет Российской академии наук» Минобрнауки России; тел.: (812) 534-58-50;</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Associate Member of Russian Science Academy, Head of Laboratory of Nanobiotechnologies, Saint-Petersburg Federal National Research Academic University of Russian Science Academy; Ministry of Education and Science of Russia; tel.: (812) 534-58-50;</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dubina@spbau.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Санкт Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова» Минздрава России: 197022, Санкт Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6 / 8;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician I.P.Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia: 6 / 8, L'va Tolstogo str., Saint-Petersburg, 197089, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Санкт Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова» Минздрава России: 197022, Санкт Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6 / 8;&#13;
ФГБУ ВОиН «Санкт Петербургский национальный исследовательский академический университет Российской академии наук» Минобрнауки России: 194021, Санкт Петербург, ул. Хлопина 8 / 3</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician I.P.Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia: 6 / 8, L'va Tolstogo str., Saint-Petersburg, 197089, Russia&#13;
Saint-Petersburg Federal National Research Academic University of Russian Science Academy; Ministry of Education and Science of Russia: 8 / 3, Khlopina str., Saint-Petersburg, 194021, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Миронова Ж.А., Дьяченко Н.А., Улитина А.С., Трофимов В.И., Пчелина С.Н., Дубина М.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миронова Ж.А., Дьяченко Н.А., Улитина А.С., Трофимов В.И., Пчелина С.Н., Дубина М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mironova Z.A., D'yachenko N.A., Ulitina A.S., Trofimov V.I., Pchelina S.N., Dubina M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/667">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/667</self-uri><abstract><p>МикроРНК – это малые некодирующие молекулы РНК, которые влияют на экспрессию генов и таким образом участвуют в эпигенетической регуляции практически всех физиологических и патологических процессов. Примерно 1 800 микроРНК человека на сегодняшний день открыты, однако биологическая функция и белки-мишени для большинства из них остаются неизвестными. В рамках дыхательной системы микроРНК необходимы для развития легких и поддержания легочного гомеостаза на протяжении всей жизни. В последние годы была открыта главнейшая роль микроРНК в патогенезе различных заболеваний, в т. ч. бронхиальной астмы (БА), хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) и рака легкого. Благодаря значительному прогрессу в изучении взаимодействий между генами и их продуктами с факторами окружающей среды стала очевидной огромная роль эпигенетической изменчивости – изменений экспрессии генов, не связанных с нарушением структуры ДНК, однако способных устойчиво передаваться в ряду поколений. Существуют 3 уровня эпигенетической регуляции и соответственно – 3 ее основных механизма: геномный (метилирование ДНК), протеомный (модификация гистонов) и транскриптомный (регуляция посредством РНК, в первую очередь микроРНК). Успехи в понимании роли микроРНК в дыхательной системе помогут пролить свет на новые перспективы в поиске терапевтических мишеней и диагностических маркеров для заболеваний респираторной системы, в частности БА и ХОБЛ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that affect gene expression and thus take part in the epigenetic regulation of almost all physiological and pathological processes. About 1,800 human miRNAs have been discovered to date; however, biological functions and protein targets for the majority remain to be unknown. Within the respiratory system, miRNAs contribute to the lung growth and lifelong maintenance of pulmonary homeostasis. Recently, the leading role of miRNAs in pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases has been found, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Due to a significant progress in studying interactions between genes and their products and environmental factors, a great role of epigenetic variability, which is gene expression change not related to DNA damage, but could be inherited consistently, became apparent. There are three levels of epigenetic regulation corresponding to three main mechanisms: genomic (DNA methylation), proteomic (histone modification) and transcriptomic (regulation through RNA, primarily miRNA). Extending our knowledge on a role of miRNAs for the respiratory system could open new therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for respiratory diseases, particularly asthma and COPD.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпигенетический контроль</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd><kwd>сигаретный дым</kwd><kwd>окружающая среда</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epigenetic regulation</kwd><kwd>microRNAs</kwd><kwd>asthma</kwd><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>cigarette smoke</kwd><kwd>environment</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Durham A.L., Adcock I.M. Basic science: Epigenetic programming and the respiratory system. 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