pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2015-25-6-736-742pulmo-653Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWМеханизмы развития оксидативного стресса под воздействием аэрополлютантов окружающей среды: потенциал средств антиоксидантной защитыMechanisms of antioxidative stress caused by environmental air pollution: possibility of antioxidant defenseСоодаеваС. К.SoodaevaS. K.

д. м. н., профессор, зав. лабораторией клинической и экспериментальной биофизики ФГБУ «НИИ пульмонологии» ФМБА России; тел: (495) 4655264

MD, Professor, Head of Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Biophysics, Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; tel.: (495) 465 5264

soodaeva@mail.ruНикитинаЛ. Ю.NikitinaL. Yu.

к. м. н., зав. кафедрой терапии факультета дополнительного профессионально образования БУВО ХМАО – Югры «ХантыМансийская государственная медицинская академия»; тел.: (908) 8828620, факс: (3467) 324588

PhD, Head of Department of Therapy, Faculty of Postgraduate Physician Training, Khanty Mansiysk – Yugrа State Medical Academy; tel.: (908) 8828620, факс: (3467) 324588

lidiya_nikitina@mail.ruКлимановИ. А.KlimanovI. A.

к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической и экспериментальной биофизики ФГБУ «НИИ пульмонологии» ФМБА России; тел: (495) 4655264

PhD, Senior Researcher at Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Biophysics, Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; tel.: (495) 465 5264

igorklimanov@yandex.ruФГБУ «НИИ пульмонологии» ФМБА России: 105077, Москва, ул. 11-я Парковая, 32, корп. 4;РоссияFederal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia: 32, build. 4, 11th Parkovaya str., Moscow, 105077, RussiaRussian FederationБУВО ХМАО – Югры «Ханты-Мансийская государственная медицинская академия»: 628007, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ – Югра, Ханты-Мансийск, ул. Мира, 40РоссияKhanty Mansiysk – Yugrа State Medical Academy: 40, Mira str., Khanty#Mansiysk, Tyumen region, Khanty#Mansiysk autonomous district, 628011, RussiaRussian Federation201528022016256736742Copyright © Соодаева С.К., Никитина Л.Ю., Климанов И.А., 20162016Соодаева С.К., Никитина Л.Ю., Климанов И.А.Soodaeva S.K., Nikitina L.Y., Klimanov I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/653

По результатам эпидемиологических исследований последних десятилетий установлен значительный негативный эффект аэрополлю тантов на рост респираторной заболеваемости и смертности. Эффекты воздействия взвешенных частиц связаны с воспалением дыхательных путей, развивающимся в ответ на инициацию оксидативного стресса. В исследованиях цитотоксического влияния взвешенных частиц на респираторный эпителий продемонстрированы индукция апоптоза в условиях оксидативного стресса, снижение трансмембранного потенциала митохондрий, активация каспаз, фрагментация ДНК. Пролонгированная экспозиция взвешенных частиц ассоциирована с инициацией канцерогенеза, развитием бронхиальной астмы (БА) и хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ). Определяющим условием поддержания жизнеспособности респираторной системы в условиях экспозиции аэрополлютантов является достаточный объем антиоксидантных резервов. В настоящее время востребован потенциал Nацетилцистеина (NAC) – препарата, обладающего как прямой, так и непрямой антиоксидантной активностью. Показан блокирующий эффект препарата на апоптоз в культуре клеток, выявлена способность предотвращать воспаление дыхательных путей при инстилляции в трахеобронхиальное дерево до экспозиции концентрированного аэрозоля взвешенных частиц и повышение реактивности дыхательных путей в ответ на ингаляцию продуктов сгорания дизельного топлива. В случае предсезонной терапии NAC снижается проявление оксидативного стресса у пациентов с поллинозом и БА. Применение NAC при ХОБЛ у ликвидаторов последствий аварии на Чернобыльской атомной электростанции способствует модулированию нитрозивного стресса. Таким образом, применение NAC с целью коррекции неблагоприятного воздействия аэрополлютантов окружающей среды на респираторную систему является перспективным направлением.

A review of recent epidemiological surveys of effect of air pollution on respiratory morbidity and mortality is shown in the article. Weighted particles initiate oxidative stress in the respiratory tract followed by chronic inflammation. Cytotoxic effects of weighted particles include apoptosis, reducing transmembrane mitochondrial potential, caspase activation and fragmentation of DNA. These mechanisms underlie carcinogenesis, development of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this situation, sufficient antioxidant capacity is crucial to support respiratory system functioning. Nacetylcysteine (NAC) has both direct and indirect antioxidant activity. This drug could inhibit apoptosis in cell culture, prevent inflammation in the airway caused by weighted particles aerosol exposure and inhibit bronchial hyperreactivity caused by inhalation of diesel fuel combustion products. Own results has also demonstrated. Preseasonal therapy with oral NAC 200 mg daily for 30 days significantly decreased total NO metabolite concentration in exhaled air condensate in patients with hay fever with or without asthma compared to healthy volunteers. Therefore, therapy with NAC could be considered as a promising approach to diminish an adverse effect of air pollutants on the respiratory system and to inhibit oxidative stress in allergic patient.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.