pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2015-25-4-469-476pulmo-606Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWМожно ли улучшить прогноз у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких?Is it possible to improve prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?АвдеевС. Н.AvdeevS. N.

д. м. н., проф., руководитель клинического отдела ФГУ "НИИ пульмонологии" ФМБА России; тел. / факс: (495) 4655264

MD, Professor, Head of Clinical Department, Federal Institution "Pulmonology Research Institute", Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; tel. / fax: (495) 4655264

serg_avdeev@list.ruФГБУ "НИИ пульмонологии" ФМБА России: 105077, Москва, ул. 11я Парковая, 32, корп. 4РоссияFederal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia: 32, build. 4, 11th Parkovaya str., Moscow, 105077, RussiaRussian Federation201521102015254469476Copyright © Авдеев С.Н., 20152015Авдеев С.Н.Avdeev S.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/606

По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ), хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) занимает 3ю позицию (4,8 %) среди причин смерти в мире; ежегодно от ХОБЛ умирает примерно 2,8 млн человек. Около 50–80 % больных ХОБЛ умирает от респираторных причин, либо во время обострений основного заболевания, либо от опухолей легких (от 8,5 до 27 %), либо от нереспираторных проблем. К ключевым предикторам неблагоприятного прогноза ХОБЛ относятся возраст пациентов, тяжесть бронхиальной обструкции и легочной гиперинфляции, гипоксемия и гиперкапния, частые обострения, коморбидные состояния и т. п. Летальность среди больных ХОБЛ снижается в случае длительной кислородотерапии (при гипоксемии), неинвазивной вентиляции легких (при гиперкапнии), а также при трансплантации легких (при терминальных стадиях ХОБЛ). В случае применения современных бронхорасширяющих препаратов (тиотропия бромид) улучшаются функциональные параметры и снижается число обострений ХОБЛ.

According to reports of World Health Organization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide. Near 2.8 million patients die from COPD yearly, this is 4.8% of all deaths in the world. Causes of death in COPD patients include respiratory causes, acute exacerbation of COPD in 50–80% of cases, lung carcinoma in 8.5 to 27% and other non respiratory causes. Key predictors of poor prognosis of COPD include age, severity of bronchial obstruction and of lung hyperinflation, hypoxemia and hypercapnia, frequent exacerbations, comorbidity, etc. Long term oxygen therapy (for hypoxemic patients), non invasive ventilation (for hypercapnic patients), lung transplantation (for patients with end stage of COPD), and novel bronchodilators (tiotropium bromide) are therapeutic modalities that could decrease mortality, improve lung function and reduce number of exacerbations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.