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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2015-25-2-199-204</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-557</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рентгенофункциональная характеристика мукоцилиарного клиренса в дыхательных путях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiological and functional characteristics of mucociliary clearance of the airway</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Криштафович</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krishtafovich</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., старший научный сотрудник, научный консультант отдела лучевой диагностики ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Минздрава России; тел.: (812) 772-13-60;</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Senior Researcher, Academic Advisor of Department of Radiology Federal Institution "Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology", Healthcare Ministry of Russia; tel.: (812) 772-13-60;</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kri-adolf@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ариэль</surname><given-names>Б. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ariel'</surname><given-names>B. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., профессор, член консультативно-методического экспертного совета патологоанатомической службы Санкт-Петербургское ГБУЗ «Городское патологоанатомическое бюро»; тел.: (812) 513-60-98; </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor, a member of Advisory and Methodical Expert Council of Pathology Service, Saint-Petersburg City Bureau of Pathology; tel.: (812) 513-60-98</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arielboris@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Минздрава России: 191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., 2–4;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Institution "Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology", Healthcare Ministry of Russia: 2–4, Ligovskiy pr.,Saint-Petersburg, 191036, Russia;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Минздрава России: 191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., 2–4;&#13;
Санкт-Петербургское ГБУЗ «Городское патологоанатомическое бюро»: 194354, Санкт-Петербург, Учебный пер., 5</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Institution "Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology", Healthcare Ministry of Russia: 2–4, Ligovskiy pr.,Saint-Petersburg, 191036, Russia;&#13;
Saint-Petersburg City Bureau of Pathology: 5, Uchebnyy per., Saint-Petersburg, 194354, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>204</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Криштафович А.А., Ариэль Б.М., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Криштафович А.А., Ариэль Б.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krishtafovich A.A., Ariel' B.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/557">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/557</self-uri><abstract><p>При изучении функциональной активности слизистой оболочки дыхательных путей напылением микрочастиц тантала у больных (n = 65) контрольной группы (n = 26) выявлены ограниченные поражения легких и неизмененная слизистая оболочка дыхательных путей, а у пациентов основной группы (n = 39) – распространенные процессы при туберкулезе, хронической обструктивной болезни легких и раке легкого (РЛ). Отмечено, что в контрольной группе для полного очищения слизистой оболочки гортани и глотки требуется 15–20 мин, трахеи – 45–60 мин, бронхов разного калибра – от 1–3 до 20–24 ч. Выявлено, что у пациентов основной группы клиренс частиц в бронхах был снижен. Установлены 3 степени его нарушения: умеренное (при острой воспалительной патологии, такой как инфильтративный туберкулез, пневмония, бронхит и т. п.); значительное (при хронической патологии бронхов и легких – фиброзно-кавернозном туберкулезе, хроническом бронхите, бронхоэктазах) и резко выраженное (при РЛ). При этих нарушениях полное очищение слизистой оболочки происходит через 24–48, 48–72 и #&gt; 72 ч соответственно.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to develop a radiological model for visual assessment of morphology and function of the ciliated epithelium of the upper and lower airways and mucociliary clearance at whole in healthy and in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, COPD and lung carcinoma. Methods. We examined 65 patients aged 23 to 58 years, of them 26 patients with limited lung lesions and normal airway mucosa as controls and 39 patients with extended lung lesions due to tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or lung carcinoma as the study group. The airway mucosa functional properties were investigated using spray coating of tantalum microparticles. Results. In the control group, the time of complete clearance was 15 to 20 min for larynx and pharynx, 45 to 60 min for trachea and 1–3 to 20–24 h for different bronchi. Bronchial clearance of the particle was decreased in the study group. The airway clearance disorders were considered as moderate (in patients with acute inflammation such as tuberculous, non-specific pneumonia, acute bronchitis, etc.), severe (in patients with chronic bronchial and pulmonary disease such as cavitary fibrocaseous tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis) and very severe (in patients with lung carcinoma). The clearance time in these disorders was 24 to 48 h, 48 to 72 h and #&gt; 72 h, respectively. Conclusion. Normally, the airway clearance rate is 60-65 times lower in small airways than in the upper airways (pharynx and laryngx). Clearance local disorders caused by tobacco smoking, pollutants, etc., greatly decrease bronchial mucus transport and prolong the complete airway clearance time that could provide occurrence and progression of inflammatory and neoplastic pulmonary diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трахея и бронхи</kwd><kwd>мукоцилиарный клиренс</kwd><kwd>напыление танталом</kwd><kwd>зоны риска</kwd><kwd>рентгенологическая модель</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>trachea</kwd><kwd>bronchi</kwd><kwd>mucociliary clearance</kwd><kwd>spray coating of tantalum microparticles</kwd><kwd>risk zones</kwd><kwd>radiological model</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iravani J., Melville G. N. Mucociliary function in the respiratory tract as influenced by physicochemical factors. In: Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 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