д. м. н., зав. лабораторией клинической эпидемиологии ФГБУ «НИИ пульмонологии» ФМБА России; тел.: (495) 965-11-15;
MD, Head of Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "Pulmonology Research Institute", Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, tel.: (495) 965-11-15;
д. м. н., академик РАМН, профессор, директор ФГБУ «НИИ пульмонологии» ФМБА России; тел.: (495) 465-52-64;
MD, Professor, Academician of the Russian Science Academy, Director of Federal State Budget institution "Pulmonology Research Institute", Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, the Chairman of the Russian Respiratory Society, Chief Therapeutist and Pneumologist of the Healthcare Ministry of Russian Federation;
младший научный сотрудник ФГБУ «НИИ пульмонологии» ФМБА России; тел.: (495) 465-52-64;
junior researcher, Federal State Budget Institution "Pulmonology Research Institute", Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, tel.: (495) 465-52-64
младший научный сотрудник ФГБУ «НИИ пульмонологии» ФМБА России; тел.: (495) 465-52-64;
junior researcher, Federal State Budget Institution "Pulmonology Research Institute", Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, tel.: (495) 465-52-64;
к. м. н., зав. лабораторией ФГБУ «НИИ пульмонологии» ФМБА России; тел.: (495) 465-52-64;
PhD, Head of Laboratory, Federal State Budget Institution "Pulmonology Research Institute", Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, tel.: (495) 465-52-64;
к. м. н., научный сотрудник, ФГБУ «НИИ пульмонологии» ФМБА России; тел.: (495) 465-52-64;
PhD, Researcher, Federal State Budget Institution "Pulmonology Research Institute", Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, tel.: (495) 465-52-64;
С целью изучения распространенности аллергических заболеваний (АЗ) проведено обследование студентов (n = 231: 62 мужчины и 169 женщин) IV–V курсов медицинского вуза (средний отклик – 82,2 %), в которое было включено самостоятельное заполнение стандартной международной анкеты Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GALEN), антропометрическое и инструментальные методы исследования.
У обследованных выявлена высокая распространенность факторов риска (ФР) хронических неинфекционных заболеваний: активное курение – 27,7 %, курение отца 37,7 %, курение матери – 15,4 %, ожирение – 8,8 %, избыточная МТ – 15,2 %. Аллергические реакции на продукты питания указаны у 54,5 % респондентов, неблагоприятные жилищные условия – у 27,7 %, острые респираторные заболевания чаще 2 раз в год – у 35,9 %. Частота АЗ у родственников 1-й линии родства составляла 26,0 % и была выше у женщин (29,0 %), чем у мужчин (17,7 %). Распространенность хронических болезней органов дыхания у молодых людей составила: хронический бронхит – у 13,0 %, бронхиальная астма – у 4,3 %, аллергический ринит с конъюнктивитом – у 23,4 %, синусит – у 9,5 %, экзема и кожная аллергия – у 16,9 % обследованных.
Отмечена необходимость проведения лечебных и профилактических мероприятий среди молодых людей по коррекции и снижению уровня ФР и восстановлению выявленных нарушений.
The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of allergic disease in young adults. Materials and methods. The study involved 231 medical students in their fourth or fifth year aged 20 to 38 years: 62 males and 169 females (the response rate was 82.2 %). To study prevalence of allergic disease, we used the standard international questionnaire GA2LEN with additional questions about risk factors, anthropometric data and functional tests. The data were analyzed using statistical software packages Statistica 7 and Epinfo (WHO, version 5). Results. Prevalence of risk factors in young adults was as high as 27.7 % for smoking, 37.7 % for father’s smoking, 15.4 % for mother’s smoking, 8.8 % for obesity, and 15.2 % for overweight. A half of responders (54.5 %) experienced food allergy, 27.7 % had poor living conditions, and 35.9 % had acute respiratory infections (two or more episodes per year). Wheezing during the previous 12 months was reported in 22.6 % of males and 22.6 % of females. Bronchial asthma (BA) confirmed was diagnosed in 4.9 % and 4.1 %, respectively. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis were reported more often by females (45.0 % vs 25.8 % in males; p = 0.029), rhinitis during last 12 months was in 40.2 % and 16.1%, respectively (p = 0.045), rhinitis and conjunctivitis were in 27.8 % and 11.3 %, respectively (p = 0.009). Frequency of chronic sinusitis symptoms was not related to gender; nasal congestion longer than 12 weeks was reported by 12.9 % of males and 13.7 % of females, facial pain was noted by 4.8 % and 6.0 %, respectively; running nose was noted by 11.3 % and 21.4 %, respectively; impaired smelling was reported in 9.7 % and 4.2 %, respectively. Diagnosis of sinusitis was confirmed in 11.3 % of males and 8.9 % of females. Itchy rash whenever was reported by 14.5 % of males and 22.5 % of females, including this during the previous 12 months by 9.7 % and 17.2 %, respectively. Eczema was diagnosed in 12.9 % and 18.4 %, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed a high prevalence of allergic diseases in medical students especially in females. These results require further research to develop preventive measures.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.