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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2014-0-6-108-114</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-500</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лактат и легкие: от теории к практике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Blood lactate and the lungs: from theory to practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анаев</surname><given-names>Э. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anaev</surname><given-names>E. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., зав. лабораторией неинвазивных методов диагностики клинического отдела ФГБУ "НИИ пульмонологии" ФМБА России; тел.: (495) 465-53-84</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Head of Laboratory of non-invasive diagnostic methods, Clinical Department, Federal State Budget Institution "Pulmonology Research Institute", Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, tel.: (495) 465-53-84</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">el_anaev@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "НИИ пульмонологии" ФМБА России: 105077, Москва, ул. 11-я Парковая, 32, корп. 4</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Institution "Pulmonology Research Institute", Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia: 32, build. 4, 11th Parkovaya ul., Moscow, 105077, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Анаев Э.Х., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Анаев Э.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anaev E.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/500">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/500</self-uri><abstract><p>Лактат (молочная кислота) как конечный продукт гликолиза является индикатором анаэробного метаболизма клеток. При снижении доставки кислорода к клеткам увеличивается продукция лактата и повышается его содержание в крови. Содержание лактата в крови определяется при мониторировании уровня тканевой гипоксии с целью оценки эффективности транспорта кислорода при критических состояниях (тяжелой пневмонии, остром респираторном дистресс-синдроме, сепсисе, шоке различной этиологии и пр.). </p><p>Динамика уровня лактата в крови также указывает на интенсивность тренировочной нагрузки и степень восстановления после нее: при достаточном уровне повышается предел работоспособности и выносливость, при этом появляется возможность не только персонального планирования и контроля тренировочного процесса, но и защиты организма от физического перенапряжения и снижения уровня травматизма в спорте. Конденсат выдыхаемого воздуха (КВВ) представляет собой смесь сложного качественного и количественного состава, на который влияют как болезни легких, так и факторы окружающей среды. Содержание ключевых метаболитов, в т. ч. лактата в КВВ намного ниже, чем в крови. Этим обусловлена необходимость разработки методов, в частности биосенсоров с высокой стабильностью, чувствительностью и селективностью. В настоящее время биосенсоры занимают одну из лидирующих позиций, т. к. специфичность иммобилизованного в биосенсоре фермента лактатоксидазы к своему субстрату позволяет проводить измерения непосредственно в биологическом образце без предварительной пробоподготовки, несмотря на сложность его состава. Биосенсоры на основе электрокатализатора – берлинской лазури, разработанные специалистами МГУ им. М.В.Ломоносова, обладают максимальной селективностью в отношении лактата и других определяемых маркеров, что делает их уникальными по сравнению с аналогами на основе платиновых электродов, широко используемых за рубежом. По результатам недавно проведенных исследований показано, что концентрация лактата в крови коррелирует с концентрацией лактата в КВВ. Таким образом, наметилась тенденция перехода от инвазивного метода (анализа крови) к неинвазивно собираемому КВВ. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Lactate (lactic acid) is an end product of glycolysis and cell anaerobic metabolism indicator. Reducing oxygen delivery to the cells leads to increased lactate production and blood concentration. Blood lactate concentration is usually measured to monitor tissue hypoxia and to assess oxygen transport efficacy in critically ill patients (with severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress-syndrome, shock, etc.) Change in the blood lactate level could also indicate training intensity and post-exertional recovery and allows increase in peak work rate and endurance, individual training schedule, prevention physical overload and sport injuries. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a complex mixture under influence both of respiratory pathology and environmental factors. Key metabolites concentration in EBC including lactate is much lower than that in the blood. This provides a need in novel diagnostic methods including biosensors with high stability, sensitivity and selectivity. Recently, biosensors are the leading methods in this field so as substrate specificity of lactate dehydrogenase underlying biosensor technique allows direct measurement in a biological sample without previous handling. Biosensors based on ferric ferrocyanide as an electrocatalizator have been developed in the M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University; they have maximal selectivity for lactate and other markers exceeding that of platina-based biosensors used worldwide.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лактат</kwd><kwd>тканевая гипоксия</kwd><kwd>кислотно-щелочное равновесие</kwd><kwd>конденсат выдыхаемого воздуха</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>биосенсоры</kwd><kwd>острый респираторный дистресс-синдром</kwd><kwd>сепсис</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lactate</kwd><kwd>tissue hypoxia</kwd><kwd>acid-base balance</kwd><kwd>exhaled breath condensate</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>biosensors</kwd><kwd>acute respiratory distress-syndrome</kwd><kwd>sepsis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huckabee W.E. Abnormal resting blood lactate. I. 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