pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2026-36-4-707-718pulmo-4974Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWИнтерстициальные заболевания легких и сахарный диабет: анализ взаимоотношений мультифакториальных заболеванийInterstitial lung diseases and diabetes mellitus: an analysis of the relationship between these multifactorial conditionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0375-5228БабаджановаГ. Ю.BabadjanovaG. Ju.

Бабаджанова Гульнара Юсуповна – д. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник ; профессор кафедры многопрофильной клинической подготовки факультета фундаментальной медицины; тел.: (495) 651-95-62

115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28, стр. 10

119992,Москва, Ленинские горы, 1

Goulnara Ju. Babadjanova, Doctor of Medicine, Leading Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute”; Professor, Department of Multidisciplinary Clinical Training, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine; tel.: (495) 651-95-62

Orekhovyy bul’var 28, build. 10, Moscow, 115682

Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow, 119992

babadjanova@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-3577СигинВ. О.SiginV. O.

Сигин Владимир Олегович – к. б. н., заведующий лабораторией эпигенетики ожирения и диабета; тел.: (495) 111-03-03

WoS Researcher ID: P-6764-2019; РИНЦ ID: 974871

115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1

Vladimir O. Sigin, Candidate of Biology, Head of the Laboratory of Epigenetics of Obesity and Diabetes; tel.: (495) 111-03-03

WoS Researcher ID: P-6764-2019; РИНЦ ID: 974871

ul. Moskvorechye 1, Moscow, 115522

sigin.vladimir@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-0997-9469РуденкоЕ. А.RudenkoE. A.

Руденко Екатерина Алексеевна – к. м. н., доцент кафедры внутренних болезней Академии последипломного образования; тел.: (499) 725-44-40

115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28

Ekaterina A. Rudenko, Candidate of Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Diseases, Academy of Postgraduate Education; tel.: (499) 725-44-40

Orekhovyy bul’var 28, Moscow, 115682

katrud@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова» Правительства Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Institution “Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute” under Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russian Federation; Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, The Government of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П.Бочкова» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской ФедерацииРоссияResearch Centre for Medical GeneticsRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства России»РоссияFederal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia”Russian Federation202612082026364707718Copyright © Бабаджанова Г.Ю., Сигин В.О., Руденко Е.А., 20262026Бабаджанова Г.Ю., Сигин В.О., Руденко Е.А.Babadjanova G.J., Sigin V.O., Rudenko E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4974

Влияние нарушений углеводного обмена на интерстициальные заболевания легких (ИЗЛ) изучено недостаточно. Так, во всем мире неуклонно увеличивается распространенность такого хронического метаболического заболевания, как сахарный диабет (СД). Развитие СД сопровождается формированием микро- и макрососудистых осложнений, при которых существенно повышаются заболеваемость и смертность. Микрососудистые осложнения проявляются в виде ретинопатии, невропатии и нефропатии, тогда как макрососудистые преимущественно поражают сердечно-сосудистую систему. Помимо классических осложнений, СД оказывает влияние на легкие, что связано с их обширной сосудистой сетью, высокой степенью васкуляризации и богатством соединительнотканных структур (коллагена и эластина). Установлено, что хроническая гипергликемия способствует развитию микроангиопатии и избыточному отложению внеклеточного матрикса в легочной ткани, что приводит к рестриктивному типу вентиляционных нарушений. ИЗЛ – это гетерогенная группа патологий, характеризуемая воспалением и / или фиброзом легочной паренхимы. К ним относится идиопатический легочный фиброз (ИЛФ) как наиболее распространенная форма идиопатической интерстициальной пневмонии с высоким уровнем летальности. ИЛФ представляет собой хроническое прогрессирующее фиброзное заболевание, которое приводит к появлению и нарастанию дыхательной недостаточности. Целью обзора являлось рассмотрение легких как органа-мишени СД и анализ возможной связи между СД и ИЗЛ, с особым акцентом на ИЛФ. Заключение. Диабетическая пневмопатия определяется как прогрессирующее поражение легких, обусловленное микрососудистыми осложнениями СД. Раннее выявление этого состояния и строгий контроль над уровнем гликемии могут способствовать предупреждению прогрессирования и снижению выраженности симптомов, связанных с диабетическим поражением легких.

The effect of carbohydrate metabolism disorders on interstitial lung diseases is poorly understood. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with growing global prevalence. The progression of DM is accompanied by the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications, which significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. Microvascular complications typically manifest as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy, whereas macrovascular complications primarily affect the cardiovascular system. In addition to these well-recognized complications, DM also affects the lungs, owing to their extensive vascular network, rich blood supply, and abundance of connective tissue components (collagen and elastin). Chronic hyperglycemia has been shown to induce microangiopathy and excessive extracellular matrix deposition in the pulmonary interstitium, resulting in a restrictive pattern of ventilatory impairment. Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis within the lung parenchyma. Among them, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most common forms of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and is associated with a high mortality rate. IPF is a chronic, progressive fibrotic disease leading to progressive respiratory failure. The aim of the review was to consider the lungs as a target organ in diabetes mellitus and to analyze the possible relationship between DM and ILDs, with particular emphasis on IPF. Сonclusion. Diabetic pneumopathy represents a progressive pulmonary disorder resulting from microvascular complications associated with diabetes. Early recognition of this complication and strict glycemic control may help prevent disease progression and alleviate debilitating pulmonary symptoms associated with diabetic lung involvement.

интерстициальные заболевания легкихсахарный диабетдиабетическое легкоеидиопатический легочный фиброздиабетическая пневмопатияinterstitial lung diseasesdiabetes mellitusdiabetic lungidiopathic pulmonary fibrosisdiabetic pneumopathyРабота выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации для Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П.Бочкова» (№ 125040704897-7), в рамках инициативного научного исследования Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России на тему: «Интерстициальные заболевания легких: изучение предикторов прогрессирования и неблагоприятного прогноза у пациентов с углеводными нарушениями».The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for the Research Centre for Medical Genetics (No.125040704897-7). 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.