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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2026-36-5-810-820</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4960</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Опыт длительного применения азитромицина у пациентов с бронхиальной астмой и бронхоэктазами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Long-term experience of azithromycin use in patients with asthma and bronchiectasis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1670-2422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панарина</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panarina</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панарина Ирина Николаевна – врач­-пульмонолог</p><p>127642, Москва, пр-д Шокальского, 8 тел.: (499) 479-­95-­39 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Panarina, Pulmonologist </p><p>proyezd Shokal’skogo 8, Moscow, 127642 tel.: (499) 479-­95-39</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina.panarina2002@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9928-926X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнитдинова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gainitdinova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайнитдинова Вилия Вилевна – д. м. н., профессор кафедры пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В.Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2 тел.: (495) 708-­35-­76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viliya V. Gaynitdinova, Doctor of Medicine, Professor of Pulmonology Department, N.V.Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991  tel.: (495) 708-­35­76 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivv_08@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Городская поликлиника № 218 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “City Polyclinic No.218, Moscow Department of Healthcare”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>36</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>810</fpage><lpage>820</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Панарина И.Н., Гайнитдинова В.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Панарина И.Н., Гайнитдинова В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Panarina I.N., Gainitdinova V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4960">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4960</self-uri><abstract><p>Сочетание бронхиальной астмы (БА) и бронхоэктазов (БЭ) ассоциировано с более тяжелым течением заболевания, хронической продукцией мокроты и частыми инфекционными обострениями.</p><p>Целью исследования являлась оценка влияния длительной терапии азитромицином на клинические проявления и лабораторные маркеры воспаления у пациентов с тяжелой БА (ТБА) и БЭ с частыми инфекционными обострениями.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены взрослые пациенты с ТБА и БЭ (n = 60), которые были распределены на 2 группы: пациенты контрольной группы (n = 30) получали стандартную терапию БА, основной (n = 30) – стандартную терапию в сочетании с азитромицином в дозе 500 мг 2 раза в неделю в течение 6 мес. Все пациенты также получали N­ацетилцистеин в дозе 600 мг в сутки. До начала лечения и через 6 мес. оценивались симптомы, частота обострений, показатели функции внешнего дыхания, лабораторные маркеры воспаления крови и мокроты.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исходно группы были сопоставимы. Через 6 мес. в группе азитромицина по сравнению с контролем отмечены меньшая выраженность одышки по шкале модифицированного опросника Британского медицинского исследовательского совета (modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale – mMRC) – 2,0 (1,0–2,0) vs 3,0 (2,0–3,0) (p = 0,003), более высокий уровень контроля над БА при оценке с помощью теста по контролю над БА (Asthma Control Test – ACT) – 21,0 (18,0–21,0) vs 16,5 (15,0–17,0) (p &lt; 0,001) и более низкая частота обострений за 6 мес. – 1,0 (0,0–2,0) vs 2,0 (1,0–2,0) (p = 0,001). Также выявлено снижение лабораторных маркеров воспаления: лейкоцитов крови (p = 0,012), нейтрофилов (p = 0,004), С­реактивного белка (p = 0,006), лейкоцитов мокроты (p = 0,010) и степени гнойности мокроты – 1,0 (1,0–2,0) vs 3,0 (1,3–3,0) (p = 0,007). Объем форсированного выдоха за 1­ю секунду (ОФВ1) был выше в группе азитромицина – 1,5 (1,1–1,7) л vs 1,1 (0,9–1,5) л (р = 0,021).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Длительная терапия азитромицином у пациентов с ТБА в сочетании с бронхоэктазами ассоциировалась с улучшением контроля над БА, уменьшением выраженности симптомов, снижением частоты обострений, увеличением ОФВ1 и уменьшением степени гнойности мокроты.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The combination of asthma and bronchiectasis is associated with more severe disease, chronic sputum production, and frequent infectious exacerbations.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the effect of long­term azithromycin therapy on clinical manifestations and laboratory markers of inflammation in patients with severe asthma and concomitant bronchiectasis experiencing frequent infective exacerbations.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study included 60 adult patients with severe asthma and bronchiectasis. Patients were divided into two groups: the control group received standard asthma therapy; the main group received standard therapy combined with azithromycin at a dose of 500 mg two times a week for 6 months. All patients also received N­acetylcysteine at a dose of 600 mg/day. Symptoms, exacerbation frequency, pulmonary function tests, and laboratory inflammatory markers in blood and sputum were assessed before treatment and after 6 months.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. After 6 months, the azithromycin group, compared to the control group, showed less severe dyspnea on the mMRC (modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale – mMRC) scale – 2.0 (1.0 – 2.0) vs 3.0 (2.0 – 3.0), p = 0.003; higher asthma control according to ACT (Asthma Control Test) – 21.0 (18.0 – 21.0) vs 16.5 (15.0 – 17.0), p &lt; 0.001; and a lower exacerbation rate over 6 months – 1.0 (0.0 – 2.0) vs 2.0 (1.0 – 2.0), p = 0.001. Reduced laboratory markers of inflammation were also observed: blood leukocytes (p = 0.012), neutrophils (p = 0.004), C reactive protein (p = 0.006), sputum leukocytes (p = 0.010), and the degree of sputum purulence – 1.0 (1.0 – 2.0) vs 3.0 (1.3 – 3.0), p = 0.007. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was higher in the azithromycin group – 1.5 (1.1 – 1.7) L vs 1.1 (0.9 – 1.5) L, p = 0.021.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Long­term azithromycin therapy in patients with severe asthma combined with bronchiectasis was associated with improved asthma control, reduced symptom severity, decreased exacerbation frequency, increased FEV1, and reduced sputum purulence.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>бронхоэктазы</kwd><kwd>макролиды</kwd><kwd>азитромицин</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>bronchiectasis</kwd><kwd>macrolides</kwd><kwd>azithromycin</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma D., Cruz M.J., Ojanguren I. et al. Risk factors for the development of bronchiectasis in patients with asthma. Sci. Rep. 2021; 11 (1): 22820. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02332-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma D., Cruz M.J., Ojanguren I. et al. 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