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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2026-36-5-761-767</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4935</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хронический бронхит: ретроспективный анализ (собственные данные)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chronic bronchitis: a retrospective analysis (own data)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1620-7159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лещенко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leshchenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лещенко Игорь Викторович – д. м. н., профессор кафедры фтизиатрии и пульмонологии; главный научный сотрудник научно­клинического отдела; научный руководитель клиники</p><p>620028, Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, 3  тел.: (912) 288-­28-23 </p><p>620039, Екатеринбург, 22-го Партсъезда, 50 </p><p>620109, Екатеринбург, ул. Заводская, 29 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Leshсhenko, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of Phthisiology and Pulmonology; Chief Researcher; Scientific Director</p><p>tel.: (912) 288-28-23</p><p>ul. Repina 3, Ekaterinburg, 620028ul. 22-go Parts’ezda 50, Ekaterinburg, 620039ul. Zavodskaya 29, Ekaterinburg, 620109</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leshchenkoiv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михеев Алексей Николаевич – ординатор кафедры фтизиатрии и пульмонологии </p><p>620028, Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, 3  тел.: (967) 858-­84­-51 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey N. Mikheev, Resident, Department of Phthisiology and Pulmonology</p><p>tel.: (967)858-84-51</p><p>ul. Repina 3, Ekaterinburg, 620028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikheevalexey777@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации ; Уральский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии – филиал федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации ; Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Медицинское объединение “Новая больница”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Ural Federal Research Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology – a Branch of National Medical Research Center for Phthisiology, Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Healthcare Ministry of Russia; Limited Liability Company “Novaya bol’nitsa” Clinical Association</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Уральский государственный медицинский университет»&#13;
Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>36</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>761</fpage><lpage>767</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лещенко И.В., Михеев А.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лещенко И.В., Михеев А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Leshchenko I.V., Mikheev A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4935">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4935</self-uri><abstract><p>Распространенность хронического бронхита (ХБ) в мире составляет 3,4–22 %, в РФ – 10–20 %, что обусловлено различиями в определениях и связью с фенотипом хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ). Среди пациентов с ХОБЛ частота ХБ достигает 14–74 %, что ассоциировано с более тяжелым течением: ускоренным снижением функции легких и качества жизни, частыми обострениями, увеличением смертности. ХБ также встречается у лиц без обструкции, повышая риск развития ХОБЛ. Актуальна проблема гипердиагностики: до 88,4 % пациентов с диагнозом ХБ не соответствуют критериям, тогда как истинная распространенность ХОБЛ занижена.</p><p>Целью исследования являлась оценка соответствия диагноза ХБ стандартным критериям в реальной клинической практике методом ретроспективного анализа медицинской документации и анализ возможных причин расхождений.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное когортное исследование историй болезни пациентов (n = 185), выписанных с окончательным диагнозом ХБ, за период 2018–2025 гг. с учетом анамнестических, клинических и лабораторно­инструментальных данных. Пациенты были распределены на 4 группы: ХБ, хронические заболевания легких, острые респираторные заболевания и другие болезни дыхательной системы. Статистический анализ проведен с использованием программы StatTech.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При ретроспективном анализе диагноз ХБ подтвердился у 9 (4,9 %) из 185 пациентов (95%­ный доверительный интервал – 2,2–9,0). У 177 (95,1 %) пациентов первоначальный диагноз был пересмотрен, что свидетельствует о низкой точности первичной диагностики ХБ в клинической практике.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Ключом к повышению точности диагностики является не столько применение высокотехнологичных методов, сколько скрупулезный сбор анамнеза и оценка продолжительности симптомов. Диагноз ХБ должен оставаться диагнозом исключения, при котором требуется последовательное опровержение более частых причин хронического кашля.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The global prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) ranges from 3.4% to 22%, while it ranges from 10% to 20% in the Russian Federation. These variations reflect differences in definitions and the association with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotype. Among patients with COPD, the frequency of CB reaches 14 – 74% and is associated with a more severe disease course, including accelerated lung function decline, frequent exacerbations, reduced quality of life and increased mortality. CB also occurs in individuals without airway obstruction and increases the risk of developing COPD. Overdiagnosis represents a significant challenge: up to 88.4% of patients diagnosed with CB do not meet the diagnostic criteria, whereas the true prevalence of COPD remains underestimated.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. This study aims to assess, through a retrospective analysis of medical records, the extent to which the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis aligns with standard criteria in real­world clinical practice, and to analyze potential reasons for discrepancies.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 185 medical records with a final diagnosis of chronic bronchitis from 2018 to 2025, extracting anamnestic, clinical, laboratory and instrumental data. We divided the patients into four groups: CB, chronic lung diseases, acute respiratory diseases, and other diseases. We performed statistical analysis using StatTech software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The retrospective analysis confirmed the diagnosis of CB in 9 out of 185 patients (4.9%; 95% CI: 2.2 – 9.0). In 177 patients (95.1%), we revised the initial diagnosis, indicating low diagnostic accuracy for CB in clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The key to improving diagnostic accuracy lies not so much in applying high­technology methods, but rather in meticulously collecting the medical history and evaluating the duration of symptoms. The diagnosis of CB should remain a diagnosis of exclusion, requiring a systematic process of ruling out more common causes of chronic cough.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический бронхит</kwd><kwd>синдром хронического кашля</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic bronchitis</kwd><kwd>chronic cough syndrome</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim V., Criner G.J. Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2013; 187 (3): 228–237. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201210-1843CI.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim V., Criner G.J. Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2013; 187 (3): 228–237. 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