<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2026-36-3-506-512</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4919</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАМЕТКИ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL NOTES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Идиопатический легочный фиброз как причина тяжелой дыхательной недостаточности в геронтологической практике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as a cause of severe respiratory failure in gerontological practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-418X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Резник</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reznik</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Резник Елена Владимировна – д. м. н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней № 2 Института клинической медицины Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; врач-терапевт, врач ультразвуковой диагностики, клинический фармаколог Государственного бюджетного учреждения здравоохранения города Москвы «Городская клиническая больница № 31 имени академика Г.М. Савельевой Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1,</p><p>119415, Москва, Лобачевского, 42, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Reznik, Doctor of Medicine, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine No.2, Institute of Clinical Medicine Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; General Practitioner, Cardiologist, Functional Diagnostics Physician, Ultrasound Diagnostics Physician, Clinical Pharmacologist, Healthcare Organizer, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Moscow City “City Clinical Hospital No.31 named after Academician G.M.Savelyeva of the Moscow City Department of Healthcare”</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997,</p><p>ul. Lobachevskogo 42, build. 4, Moscow, 119415</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">reznik_ev@rsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0647-2761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиева</surname><given-names>Л. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alieva</surname><given-names>L. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алиева Луиза Хамидовна – ассистент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней № 2 Института клинической медицины Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; врач-кардиолог отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии Государственного бюджетного учреждения здравоохранения города Москвы «Городская клиническая больница № 67 имени Л.А. Ворохобова» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1,</p><p>123423, Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, 2 / 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Luiza Kh. Alieva, Assistant Professor, Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine No.2, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Cardiologist, Intensive Care Unit, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the City of Moscow “City Clinical Hospital No.67 named after L.A.Vorokhobov of the Moscow City Department of Healthcare”</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997,</p><p>ul. Salyama Adilya, 2/44, Moscow, 123423</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luizaalieva94@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4580-8851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яровой</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iarovoi</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яровой Максим Дмитриевич – старший лаборант кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней № 2 Института клинической медицины </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim D. Iarovoi, Senior Laboratory Assistant, Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases No.2, Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jarovojmax@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4310-8467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Анастасия Сергеевна – врач-пульмонолог, соискатель кафедры пульмонологии Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Popova, Pulmonologist, Postgraduate Student, Department of Pulmonology, Institute of Continuous Education and Professional Development</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastyapopova261090@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5283-5961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильев Юрий Александрович – д. м. н., врач-рентгенолог, главный врач </p><p>127051, Москва, ул. Петровка, 24, стр. 1</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57216631624</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri A. Vasiliev, Doctor of Medicine, Radiologist, Chief Physician</p><p>ul. Petrovka 24, build. 1, Moscow,127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">npr@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Городская клиническая больница № 31 имени академика Г.М. Савельевой Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Moscow City “City Clinical Hospital No.31 named after Academician G.M.Savelyeva of the Moscow City Department of Healthcare”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Городская клиническая больница № 67 имени Л.А. Ворохобова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the City of Moscow “City Clinical Hospital No.67 named after L.A.Vorokhobov of the Moscow City Department of Healthcare”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Научно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологий Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the City of Moscow “Scientific and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow City Department of Healthcare”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>36</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>506</fpage><lpage>512</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Резник Е.В., Алиева Л.Х., Яровой М.Д., Попова А.С., Васильев Ю.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Резник Е.В., Алиева Л.Х., Яровой М.Д., Попова А.С., Васильев Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Reznik E.V., Alieva L.K., Iarovoi M.D., Popova A.S., Vasiliev Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4919">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4919</self-uri><abstract><p>Идиопатический легочный фиброз (ИЛФ) – хроническое прогрессирующее интерстициальное заболевание неясной этиологии, чаще встречающееся у лиц пожилого возраста. Основными причинами, приводящими к развитию ИЛФ, являются факторы окружающей среды, вирусы, генетическая предрасположенность. «Золотой стандарт» диагностики – компьютерная томография высокого разрешения (КТВР). В качестве патогенетической терапии используются такие антифибротические препараты, как нинтиданиб и пирфенидон.</p><p>Целью работы являлась презентация клинического наблюдения за пациенткой с длительным анамнезом одышки и сердечной недостаточности (СН), у которой диагноз ИЛФ был установлен лишь при госпитализации по поводу нарастания одышки. По данным КТВР выявлена характерная картина «сотового легкого».</p><p>Заключение. По результатам клинического наблюдения продемонстрированы трудности диагностики ИЛФ в старческом возрасте на фоне полиморбидности (хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, хроническая СН), что приводит к позднему началу специфической терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, most commonly occurring in the elderly. The main factors leading to the development of IPF are environmental factors, viruses, and genetic predisposition. The «gold standard» for diagnosis is high-resolution computed tomography. Antifibrotic drugs such as nintedanib and pirfenidone are used as pathogenetic therapy.</p><p>The aim was to present a patient with a long history of dyspnea and heart failure, in whom the diagnosis of IPF was established only upon hospitalization due to worsening dyspnea. High-resolution computed tomography revealed a characteristic pattern of “honeycomb lung”.</p><p>Conclusion. The article demonstrates the difficulties in diagnosing IPF in old age associated with polymorbidity (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure), which leads to a late start of specific therapy. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фиброз</kwd><kwd>идиопатический легочный фиброз</kwd><kwd>интерстициальное заболевание легких</kwd><kwd>гериатрия</kwd><kwd>геронтология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fibrosis</kwd><kwd>idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis</kwd><kwd>interstitial lung disease</kwd><kwd>geriatrics</kwd><kwd>gerontology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Клинические рекомендации: Идиопатический легочный фиброз. 2023. Доступно на: https://spulmo.ru/upload/kr/ILF_2024_draft.pdf?ysclid=mobvpuka8u96395576 [Дата обращения: 23.04.26].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. [Clinical guidelines: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]. 2023. Available at: https://spulmo.ru/upload/kr/ILF_2024_draft.pdf?ysclid=mobvpuka8u96395576 [Accessed: March 23, 2026] (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheng G., Chen P., Wei Y. et al. Viral infection increases the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis. Chest. 2020; 157 (5): 1175–1187. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.10.032.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheng G., Chen P., Wei Y. et al. Viral infection increases the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis. Chest. 2020; 157 (5): 1175–1187. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.10.032.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Victoria N.C., Zhou X., Moore B.B. The role of HHV-6 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis remains to be determined. Chest. 2020; 157 (6): 1681–1682. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.01.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Victoria N.C., Zhou X., Moore B.B. The role of HHV-6 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis remains to be determined. Chest. 2020; 157 (6): 1681–1682. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.01.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chioma O.S., Drake W.P. Role of microbial agents in pulmonary fibrosis. Yale J. Biol. Med. 2017; 90 (2): 219–227. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5482299/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chioma O.S., Drake W.P. Role of microbial agents in pulmonary fibrosis. Yale J. Biol. Med. 2017; 90 (2): 219–227. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5482299/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bédard Méthot D., Leblanc É., Lacasse Y. Meta-analysis of gastroesophageal reflux disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest. 2019; 155 (1): 33–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.07.038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bédard Méthot D., Leblanc É., Lacasse Y. Meta-analysis of gastroesophageal reflux disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest. 2019; 155 (1): 33–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.07.038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мустафин Р.Н. Молекулярно-генетические особенности патогенеза идиопатического легочного фиброза. Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции. 2022; 26 (3): 267–274. DOI: 10.18699/VJGB-22-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mustafin R.N. [Molecular genetics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]. Vavilovskiy zhurnal genetiki i selektsii. 2022; 26 (3): 267–274. DOI: 10.18699/VJGB-22-37 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leavy O.C., Ma S.F., Molyneaux P.L. et al. Proportion of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis risk explained by known common genetic loci in European populations. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2020; 203 (6): 775–778. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3211LE.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leavy O.C., Ma S.F., Molyneaux P.L. et al. Proportion of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis risk explained by known common genetic loci in European populations. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2020; 203 (6): 775–778. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3211LE.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alonso-Gonzalez A., Tosco-Herrera E., Molina-Molina M., Flores C. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the role of genetics in the era of precision medicine. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 2023; 10: 1152211. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1152211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alonso-Gonzalez A., Tosco-Herrera E., Molina-Molina M., Flores C. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the role of genetics in the era of precision medicine. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 2023; 10: 1152211. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1152211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raghu G., Remy-Jardin M., Richeldi L. et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (an update) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis in adults: an official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2022; 205 (9): e18–47. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202202-0399ST.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raghu G., Remy-Jardin M., Richeldi L. et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (an update) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis in adults: an official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2022; 205 (9): e18–47. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202202-0399ST.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruwanpura S.M., Thomas B.J., Bardin P.G. Pirfenidone: molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications in lung disease. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2020; 62 (4): 413–422. DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0328TR.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruwanpura S.M., Thomas B.J., Bardin P.G. Pirfenidone: molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications in lung disease. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2020; 62 (4): 413–422. DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0328TR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strykowski R., Adegunsoye A. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am. 2023; 43 (2): 209–228. DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.01.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strykowski R., Adegunsoye A. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am. 2023; 43 (2): 209–228. DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.01.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim H.J., Snyder L.D., Adegunsoye A. et al. Hospitalizations in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir. Res. 2021; 22 (1): 257. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01851-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim H.J., Snyder L.D., Adegunsoye A. et al. Hospitalizations in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir. Res. 2021; 22 (1): 257. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01851-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walters T.M., Leong M.C.H., Montesi S.B. et al. Comorbidities in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis trial population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2025; 34 (175): 240238. DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0238-2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walters T.M., Leong M.C.H., Montesi S.B. et al. Comorbidities in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis trial population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2025; 34 (175): 240238. DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0238-2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guenther A., Tello S., Schoppe M.C. et al. Pulmonary hypertension drives prognosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: insights from the European IPF registry. J. Clin. Med. 2025; 14 (20): 7352. DOI: 10.3390/jcm14207352.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guenther A., Tello S., Schoppe M.C. et al. Pulmonary hypertension drives prognosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: insights from the European IPF registry. J. Clin. Med. 2025; 14 (20): 7352. DOI: 10.3390/jcm14207352.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leuschner G., Klotsche J., Kreuter M. et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in elderly patients: analysis of the INSIGHTS-IPF observational study. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 2020; 7: 601279. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.601279.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leuschner G., Klotsche J., Kreuter M. et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in elderly patients: analysis of the INSIGHTS-IPF observational study. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 2020; 7: 601279. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.601279.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тетенева А.В., Калюжин В.В., Чернявская Г.М. и др. Клинический случай идиопатического легочного фиброза на фоне коморбидной патологии. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2021; 20 (3): 225–231. DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2021-3-225-231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teteneva A.V., Kalyuzhin V.V., Chernyavskaya G.M. et al. [A clinical case of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis against the background of comorbid pathology. Byulleten′ sibirskoy meditsiny. 2021; 20 (3): 225–231. DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2021-3-225-231 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
