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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2026-36-3-389-413</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4880</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL GUIDELINES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Саркоидоз: федеральные клинические рекомендации 2025</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sarcoidosis: federal clinical guidelines 2025</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6808-5528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чучалин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuchalin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чучалин Александр Григорьевич – д. м. н., профессор, академик Российской академии наук, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии Института материнства и детства Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; председатель правления Российского респираторного общества</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander G. Chuchalin, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Department of Hospital Internal Medicine, Pediatric Faculty, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Chairman of the Executive Board of Russian Respiratory Society</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pulmomoskva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-2150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Сергей Николаевич – д. м. н., профессор, академик Российской академии наук; директор Национального медицинского исследовательского центра по профилю «Пульмонология»; заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет); главный внештатный пульмонолог Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p><p>SciProfiles: 741582;</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7003292838</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Avdeev, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the National Medical Research Center for Pulmonology; Head of the Department of Pulmonology, N.V.Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Chief Pulmonologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991</p><p>SciProfiles: 741582;</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7003292838</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_avdeev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5028-5276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Визель</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vizel</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Визель Александр Андреевич – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой фтизиопульмонологии </p><p>420012, Республика Татарстан, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49</p><p>Author ID: 195447</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Vizel, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of Department of Phthisiology and Pulmonology</p><p>ul. Butlerova 49, Kazan, 420012, Republic of Tatarstan</p><p>Author ID: 195447</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lordara@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-674X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айсанов</surname><given-names>З. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aisanov</surname><given-names>Z. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айсанов Заурбек Рамазанович – д. м. н., профессор, профессор кафедры пульмонологии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p><p>Author ID: 542371</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zaurbek R. Aisanov, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Professor of Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Additional Professional Education</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117513</p><p>Author ID: 542371</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aisanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-5442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баранова Ольга Петровна – к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского института интерстициальных и орфанных заболеваний легких Научно-клинического исследовательского центра, доцент кафедры пульмонологии факультета послевузовского образования </p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga P. Baranova, Candidate of Medicine, Senior Researcher, Research Institute of Interstitial and Orphan Lung Diseases, Scientific and Clinical Research Center, Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Postgraduate Education</p><p>ul. L’va Tolstogo 6 – 8, Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr_baranova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-724X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белевский</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belevskiy</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белевский Андрей Станиславович – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey S. Belevskiy, Doctor of Medicine, Professor; Head of the Pulmonology Department, Faculty of Additional Professional Education Institute of Continuing Education and Professional Development, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117513,</p><p>ul. Stromynka 10, Moscow, 107076</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pulmobas@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-5433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисов Сергей Евгеньевич – д. м. н., профессор, заместитель директора по научно-клинической работе </p><p>107076, Москва, ул. Стромынка, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey E. Borisov , Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Deputy Director for Scientific and Clinical Work</p><p>ul. Stromynka 10, Moscow, 107076</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sebarsik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0637-7955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilieva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильева Ирина Анатольевна – д. м. н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой фтизиатрии Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; директор Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; главный внештатный специалист-фтизиатр Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1,</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Достоевского, 4, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Vasileva, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Phthisiology Department, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Director, Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Chief Freelance Phthisiologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117513,</p><p>ul. Dostoyevskogo 4, build. 2, Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasil39@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-8177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Визель</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vizel</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Визель Ирина Юрьевна – д. м. н., профессор Российской академии естествознания, профессор кафедры фтизиопульмонологии </p><p>420012, Республика Татарстан, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Yu. Vizel, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Professor, Department of Phthisiology and Pulmonology</p><p>49, Kazan, 420012, Republic of Tatarstan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatpulmo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2168-5793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильев Игорь Владимирович – к. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель Научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Интервенционная пульмонология», врач-торакальный хирург </p><p>191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., 2–</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Vasilev, Candidate of Medicine, Leading Researcher, Head of the Research Laboratory “Interventional Pulmonology”, Thoracic Surgeonъ</p><p>Ligovsky pr. 2 – 4, Saint-Petersburg, 191036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iv.vasilev@spbniif.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-7944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гармаш</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garmash</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гармаш Юлия Юрьевна – к. м. н., заместитель главного врача по медицинской части, врач-фтизиатр клиники № 1, врач-пульмонолог городского консультационно-диагностического центра Государственного бюджетного учреждения здравоохранения города Москвы «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»; доцент кафедры фтизиатрии терапевтического факультета </p><p>107076, Москва, ул. Стромынка, 10,</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya Y. Garmash, Candidate of Medicine, Deputy Chief Physician for Medical Affairs, Phthisiologist, Clinic No.1, Pulmonologist, City Consultation and Diagnostic Center, The Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health; Associate Professor, Department of Phthisiology, Faculty of Therapy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education”, Ministry of Health of Russia</p><p>ul. Stromynka 10, Moscow, 107076,</p><p>ul. Barrikadnaya 2/1, Moscow, 123995</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ygarmash@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-3686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Геппе</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Geppe</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геппе Наталия Анатольевна – д. м. н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой детских болезней Института клинической медицины </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal’ya A. Geppe, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of Department of Pediatric Diseases, Therapeutic Faculty</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">geppe@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-7313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitsev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайцев Андрей Алексеевич – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии (с курсом аллергологии) Медицинского института непрерывного образования </p><p>125080, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 11</p><p>Author ID: 217005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Zaicev, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Pulmonology (with a course of allergology), Medical Institute of Continuing Education</p><p>Volokolamskoye shosse 11, Moscow, 125080</p><p>Author ID: 217005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-zaicev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6273-4304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинченко</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchenko</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зинченко Юлия Сергеевна – к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник, руководитель научно-исследовательской лаборатории изучения хронических неспецифических заболеваний легких </p><p>191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., 2–</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. Zinchenko, Candidate of Medicine, Senior Researcher, Head of the Research Laboratory for the Study of Chronic Nonspecific Lung Diseases</p><p>Ligovsky pr. 2 – 4, Saint-Petersburg, 191036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ulia-zinchenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-9403</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костинов</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostinov</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костинов Михаил Петрович – д. м. н., профессор, член-корр. Российской академии наук, заведующий кафедрой эпидемиологии и современных технологий вакцинации Института профессионального образования Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет); заведующий лабораторией вакцинопрофилактики и иммунотерапии аллергических заболеваний Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И.И. Мечникова»</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2,</p><p>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail P. Kostinov, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of the Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, Institute of Professional Education, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Head of the Laboratory of Vaccine Prevention and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “I.I.Mechnikov Vaccine and Serum Research Institute”</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991,</p><p>Malyy Kazennyy per. 5A, Moscow, 105064</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">monolit.96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-11"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-7793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>N. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кравченко Наталья Юрьевна – к. м. н., заведующая организационно-методическим отделом по пульмонологии и аллергологии </p><p>115088, Москва, ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, 9, помещ. 5Ц</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia Yu. Kravchenko, Candidate of Medicine, Head of the Organizational and Methodological Department for Pulmonology and Allergology</p><p>ul. Sharikopodshipnikovskaya 9, room 5C, Moscow, 115088</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pulmokongress@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5191-445X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илькович</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilkovich</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илькович Михаил Михайлович – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии факультета последипломного образования, директор Научно-исследовательского института интерстициальных и орфанных заболеваний легких </p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail M. Ilkovich, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Pulmonology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Director, Research Institute of Interstitial and Orphan Lung Diseases</p><p>ul. L’va Tolstogo 6 – 8, Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mih.ilkovich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-4677</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ловачева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lovacheva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ловачева Ольга Викторовна – д. м. н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела дифференциальной диагностики и лечения туберкулеза и сочетанных инфекций </p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Достоевского, 4, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol’ga V. Lovacheva, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Chief Researcher, Department of Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis and Co-Infections</p><p>ul. Dostoyevskogo 4, build. 2, Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.lovacheva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-13"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-8759</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарьянц</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makaryants</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарьянц Наталья Николаевна – д. м. н., руководитель отделения пульмонологии, заведующая курсом пульмонологии на кафедре терапии факультета усовершенствования врачей Государственного бюджетного учреждения здравоохранения Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского»; главный внештатный специалист-пульмонолог Министерства здравоохранения Московской области</p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61 / 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya N. Makaryants, Doctor of Medicine, Head of the Pulmonology Department, Head of the Pulmonology Course at the Department of Therapy, Faculty of Advanced Medical Studies</p><p>ul. Shchepkina 61/2, Moscow, 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makaryantz@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-14"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2686-8284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малахов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakhov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малахов Александр Борисович – д. м. н., профессор кафедры детских болезней</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr B. Malakhov, Doctor of Medicine, Professor at Department of Pediatric Diseases</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexis4591m@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6128-5914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малявин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyavin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малявин Андрей Георгиевич – д. м. н., профессор кафедры фтизиатрии и пульмонологии лечебного факультета </p><p>127006, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey G. Malyavin , Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of Phthisiology and Pulmonology, Medical Faculty</p><p>ul. Dolgorukovskaya 4, Moscow, 127006</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maliavin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-15"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5815-5895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петров Дмитрий Владимирович – ассистент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней </p><p>644099, Омск, ул. Ленина, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy V. Petrov, Assistant Professor, Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases</p><p>ul. Lenina 12, Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitrpetrov@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-16"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-4621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Елена Николаевна – д. м. н., врач-пульмонолог, профессор кафедры внутренних, профессиональных болезней и ревматологии Клиники ревматологии, нефрологии и профпатологии имени Е.М. Тареева </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Popova, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, E.M.Tareev Clinic of Rheumatology, Nephrology, and Occupational Pathology</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ela12@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0690-3345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романов Владимир Викторович – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий отделом фтизиатрии </p><p>107564, Москва, ул. Яузская аллея, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Romanov, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Phthisiology</p><p>Yauzskaya alleya 2, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romanov-vladimir-vik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-17"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-1260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самсонова Мария Викторовна – д. м. н., заведующая лабораторией патологической анатомии и иммунологии Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства России», старший научный сотрудник лаборатории инновационной патоморфологии Государственного бюджетного учреждения здравоохранения города Москвы «Московский клинический научно-практический центр имени А.С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28, стр. 10,</p><p>111123, Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, 86</p><p>AuthorID: 429128</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya V. Samsonova, Doctor of Medicine, Head of Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute” under Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russian Federation, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Innovative Pathomorphology, State Budgetary Institution Moscow Clinical Scientific Center named after Loginov, Moscow City Department of Healthcare</p><p>Orekhovyy bul’var 28, build. 10, Moscow, 115682,</p><p>Shosse Entuziastov 86, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samary@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-18"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8170-3300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивокозов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivokozov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сивокозов Илья Владимирович – д. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий отделением эндоскопии, руководитель Центра диагностики и реабилитации заболеваний органов дыхания </p><p>107564, Москва, ул. Яузская аллея, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Sivokozov, Doctor of Medicine, Leading Researcher, Head of the Endoscopy Department, Head of the Center for Diagnostics and Rehabilitation of Respiratory Diseases</p><p>Yauzskaya alleya 2, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grand63@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-17"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0757-6796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьева</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyova</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соловьева Ирина Павловна – д. м. н., профессор, заведующая лабораторией патологической анатомии </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina P. Solovieva, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cheral12@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9023-6986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старшинова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starshinova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старшинова Анна Андреевна – д. м. н., начальник Управления научными исследованиями, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии с клиникой </p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna  А. Starshinova, Doctor of Medicine, Head of the Scientific Research Department, Professor, Department of Faculty Therapy with a Clinic</p><p>ul. Akkuratova 2, Saint-Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">starshinova_aa@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-19"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-3379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанян</surname><given-names>И. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanyan</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанян Игорь Эмильевич – д. м. н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела дифференциальной диагностики туберкулеза и экстракорпоральных методов лечения, советник директора </p><p>107564, Москва, ул. Яузская аллея, 2</p><p>Author ID: 443264</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor’ E. Stepanyan, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Leading Researcher of the Department of Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Extracorporeal Treatment Methods, Advisor to the Director</p><p>Yauzskaya alleya 2, Moscow, 107564</p><p>Author ID: 443264</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drstepanyan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-17"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5444-5943</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терпигорев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terpigorev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Терпигорев Станислав Анатольевич – д. м. н., заведующий кафедрой внутренних болезней Института усовершенствования врачей </p><p>105203, Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, 70</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav A. Terpigorev, Doctor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine at the Institute for Advanced Medical Studies</p><p>ul. Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya 70, Moscow, 105203</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smith42@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-20"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9104-9151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тинькова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tinkova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тинькова Валентина Вячеславовна – к. м. н., заместитель главного врача по медицинской части Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, доцент кафедры фтизиатрии Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1,</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Достоевского, 4, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina T. Tinkova, Candidate of Medicine, Deputy Chief Physician for Medical Affairs, National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Russian Ministry of Health; Associate Professor of Phthisiology Department, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117513,</p><p>ul. Dostoyevskogo 4, build. 2, Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">TinkovaVV@nmrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофименко</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trofimenko</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трофименко Ирина Николаевна – д. м. н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой клинической аллергологии и пульмонологии </p><p>664049, Иркутск, мкр Юбилейный, 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Trofimenko, Doctor of Medicine, Assistant Professor, Head of Department of Clinical Allergology and Pulmonology</p><p>mkr Yubilejnyy 100, Irkutsk, 664079</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tin11@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-21"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3931-1431</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюрин</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyurin</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тюрин Игорь Евгеньевич – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой рентгенологии и радиологии </p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor’ E. Tyurin, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of Department of Radiology</p><p>ul. Barrikadnaya 2/1, Moscow, 123995</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igortyurin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-22"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-3446</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Французевич</surname><given-names>Л. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frantsuzevich</surname><given-names>L. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Французевич Лайне Яновна – ассистент кафедры пульмонологии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ассистент кафедры внутренних болезней факультета фундаментальной медицины Медицинского научно-образовательного института Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова» Правительства Российской Федерации</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1,</p><p>119992, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laine Ya. Frantsuzevich, Assistant Professor, Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Continuing Professional Education, Institute of Continuing Education and Professional Development, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Medical Scientific and Educational Institute, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, The Government of the Russian Federation</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117513,</p><p>Leninskye gory 1, build. 40, Moscow, 119992</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">frantsuzevitch@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-23"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-9250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняев</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyaev</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черняев Андрей Львович – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий отделом фундаментальной пульмонологии Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической морфологии Научно-исследовательского института морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского»</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28, стр. 10,</p><p>117418, Москва, ул. Цюрупы, 3</p><p>Author ID: 473390</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey L. Cherniaev, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Fundamental Pulmonology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute” under Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russian Federation; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Clinical Morphology, Avtsyn Research Institute оf Human Morphology оf Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre оf Surgery”</p><p>Orekhovyy bul’var 28, build. 10, Moscow, 115682,</p><p>ul. Tsyurupy 3, Moscow, 117418</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cheral12@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-24"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1908-5601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмелев</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmelev</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шмелев Евгений Иванович – д. м. н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела дифференциальной диагностики </p><p>107564, Москва, ул. Яузская аллея, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny I. Shmelev, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Chief Researcher of the Department of Differential Diagnostics</p><p>Yauzskaya alleya 2, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eishmelev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-17"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмелева</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmeleva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шмелева Наталья Михайловна – к. м. н., пульмонолог </p><p>127247, Москва, Дмитровское шоссе, 107Г</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya M. Shmeleva, Candidate of Medicine, Pulmonologist</p><p>Dmitrovskoe shosse 107G, Moscow, 127247</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">09shmeleva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-25"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9565-3570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эсаулова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esaulova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эсаулова Наталья Александровна – к. м. н., заведующая отделением дифференциальной диагностики туберкулеза </p><p>620039, Екатеринбург, ул. 22-го Партсъезда, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Esaulova, Candidate of Medicine, Head of the Department of Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculosis</p><p>ul. 22-go Parts’ezda 50, Ekaterinburg, 620039</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esanat1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-26"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-9643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яблонский</surname><given-names>П. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yablonskiy</surname><given-names>P. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яблонский Петр Казимирович – д. м. н., профессор, директор Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; проректор по медицинской деятельности Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет» Правительства Российской Федерации</p><p>191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., 2–4,</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9</p><p>Author ID: 196793</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr K. Yablonskiy, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of Russian Federation Healthcare Ministry Saint-Petersburg State Phthisiopulmonology Research Institute; Vice-Rector for Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “St. Petersburg State University”, Government of the Russian Federation</p><p>Ligovsky pr. 2 – 4, Saint-Petersburg, 191036,</p><p>Universitetskaya naberezhnaya 7 – 9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034</p><p>Author ID: 196793</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">piotr_yablonskii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-27"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П.Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
The Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Federation Healthcare Ministry Saint-Petersburg State Phthisiopulmonology Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of Health;&#13;
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian Biotechnological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-11"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет);&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И.И.Мечникова» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University);&#13;
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “I.I.Mechnikov Vaccine and Serum Research Institute” Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-12"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-13"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-14"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (“MONIKI”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-15"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Medicine” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-16"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Omsk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-17"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт туберкулеза» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis” of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-18"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России: &#13;
Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Московский клинический научно-практический центр имени А.С.Логинова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute” under Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russian Federation;&#13;
State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare of the city of Moscow “Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center named after A.S.Loginov of the Department of Healthcare of the City of Moscow”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-19"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А.Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “V.A.Almazov National Medical Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-20"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медико-хирургический Центр имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I.Pirogov” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-21"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения дополнительного профессионального образования «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education – a Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-22"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-23"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова» Правительства Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University of the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-24"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России;&#13;
Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П.Авцына Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В.Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute” under Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russian Federation;&#13;
Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-25"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Консультативно-диагностический центр № 6 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Moscow “Consultative and Diagnostic Center No.6 Moscow City Department of Healthcare”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-26"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal Research Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology – a Branch of National Medical Research Center for Phthisiology, Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-27"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет» Правительства Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Federation Healthcare Ministry Saint-Petersburg State Phthisiopulmonology Research Institute;&#13;
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “St. Petersburg State University” of the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>36</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>389</fpage><lpage>413</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чучалин А.Г., Авдеев С.Н., Визель А.А., Айсанов З.Р., Баранова О.П., Белевский А.С., Борисов С.Е., Васильева И.А., Визель И.Ю., Васильев И.В., Гармаш Ю.Ю., Геппе Н.А., Зайцев А.А., Зинченко Ю.С., Костинов М.П., Кравченко Н.Ю., Илькович М.М., Ловачева О.В., Макарьянц Н.Н., Малахов А.Б., Малявин А.Г., Петров Д.В., Попова Е.Н., Романов В.В., Самсонова М.В., Сивокозов И.В., Соловьева И.П., Старшинова А.А., Степанян И.Э., Терпигорев С.А., Тинькова В.В., Трофименко И.Н., Тюрин И.Е., Французевич Л.Я., Черняев А.Л., Шмелев Е.И., Шмелева Н.М., Эсаулова Н.А., Яблонский П.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чучалин А.Г., Авдеев С.Н., Визель А.А., Айсанов З.Р., Баранова О.П., Белевский А.С., Борисов С.Е., Васильева И.А., Визель И.Ю., Васильев И.В., Гармаш Ю.Ю., Геппе Н.А., Зайцев А.А., Зинченко Ю.С., Костинов М.П., Кравченко Н.Ю., Илькович М.М., Ловачева О.В., Макарьянц Н.Н., Малахов А.Б., Малявин А.Г., Петров Д.В., Попова Е.Н., Романов В.В., Самсонова М.В., Сивокозов И.В., Соловьева И.П., Старшинова А.А., Степанян И.Э., Терпигорев С.А., Тинькова В.В., Трофименко И.Н., Тюрин И.Е., Французевич Л.Я., Черняев А.Л., Шмелев Е.И., Шмелева Н.М., Эсаулова Н.А., Яблонский П.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chuchalin A.G., Avdeev S.N., Vizel A.A., Aisanov Z.R., Baranova O.P., Belevskiy A.S., Borisov S.E., Vasilieva I.A., Vizel I.Y., Vasiliev I.V., Garmash Y.Y., Geppe N.A., Zaitsev A.A., Zinchenko Y.S., Kostinov M.P., Kravchenko N.Y., Ilkovich M.M., Lovacheva O.V., Makaryants N.N., Malakhov A.S., Malyavin A.G., Petrov D.V., Popova E.N., Romanov V.V., Samsonova M.V., Sivokozov I.V., Solovyova I.P., Starshinova A.A., Stepanyan I.E., Terpigorev S.A., Tinkova V.V., Trofimenko I.N., Tyurin I.E., Frantsuzevich L.Y., Chernyaev A.L., Shmelev E.I., Shmeleva N.M., Esaulova N.A., Yablonskiy P.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4880">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4880</self-uri><abstract><p>Саркоидоз (С) системное воспалительное заболевание неизвестной этиологии, характеризующееся образованием неказеифицирующихся гранулём, мультисистемным поражением различных органов и активацией Т-клеток в месте гранулёматозного воспаления с высвобождением различных хемокинов и цитокинов. Распространенность С от 3 до 25 случаев на 100 000 населения. Основу терапии С составляют глюкокортикостероиды, иммуносупрессоры, препараты с влиниянием на оксидативный стресс и фактор некроза опухоли. Целевой аудиторией данных клинических рекомендаций являются врачи общей практики, терапевты, пульмонологи, фтизиатры, патологоанатомы, рентгенологи и врачи по медицинской реабилитации.</p><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Каждый тезис-рекомендация по проведению диагностических и лечебных мероприятий оценивается по шкалам уровней достоверности доказательств от 1 до 5 и шкале оценки уровней убедительности рекомендаций по категориям А, В, С. Клинические рекомендации содержат также комментарии и разъяснения к указанным тезисам-рекомендациям, алгоритмы по диагностике и лечению идиопатического легочного фиброза, справочные материалы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. По данным представленных клинических рекомендаций освещаются современные сведения об этиологии и патогенезе, клинических проявлениях, диагностике и лечении С. Клинические рекомендации одобрены Научно-практическим советом Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации в 2025 г.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas, multisystem organ involvement, and T-cell activation at the site of granulomatous inflammation with the release of various chemokines and cytokines. The prevalence of sarcoidosis is 3 – 25 cases per 100,000 population. The mainstay of sarcoidosis therapy is corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and drugs that affect oxidative stress and tumor necrosis factor. The aim of the article was to introduce the latest procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis of various localizations, agreed upon in the Russian Federation. The target audience for these clinical guidelines are general practitioners, internists, pulmonologists, phthisiologists, pathologists, radiologists, and rehabilitation physicians. Methods. Each recommendation statement for diagnostic and therapeutic measures is assessed using evidence levels ranging from 1 to 5 and a recommendation strength rating scale for categories A, B, and C. The clinical guidelines also contain commentary and explanations for these recommendations, algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and reference materials. Conclusion. These clinical guidelines provide an overview of current knowledge on the etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcoidosis. These clinical guidelines were approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2025.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>саркоидоз</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>наблюдение</kwd><kwd>лечение.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sarcoidosis</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саркоидоз: Монография / Под ред. Визеля А.А. (Серия монографий Российского респираторного общества; Гл. ред. серии Чучалин А.Г.). М.: Издательский холдинг «Атмосфера», 2010. 416 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vizel A.A., ed. [Sarcoidosis]. Series of monographs of the Russian Respiratory Society; A.G. Chuchalin (сhief ed. series). 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