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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2026-36-1-7-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4861</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDITORIAL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метаболическая и иммунологическая функции легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Metabolic and immunological functions of the lungs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6808-5528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чучалин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuchalin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чучалин Александр Григорьевич – д. м. н., профессор, академик Российской академии наук, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии Института материнства и детства; председатель правления Российского респираторного общества</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p><p>тел.: (499) 780-08-50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander G. Chuchalin, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Department of Hospital Internal Medicine, Pediatric Faculty; Chairman of the Executive Board of Russian Respiratory Society</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997</p><p>tel.: (499) 780-08-50</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Pulmomoskva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health  of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>36</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чучалин А.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чучалин А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chuchalin A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4861">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4861</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время предметом активных научных исследований является метаболическая и иммунологическая функция легких. В последние годы стандартизованы методы исследования органических и неорганических летучих соединений в порции выдыхаемого воздуха и его конденсате (КВВ). Метаболическая функция легочной паренхимы состоит в регуляции водно-электролитного обмена, биологически активных аминов и пептидов; уникальные свойства альвеолоцитов 2-го типа и альвеолярных макрофагов проявляются в синтезе и рециркуляции сурфактанта. Особую роль играют эндотелиоциты легочных капилляров, которые осуществляют с помощью ангиотензинпревращающего фермента трансформацию ангиотензина-1 (декапептида) в ангиотензин-2 (октапептид).</p><p>Целью работы явилось изучение метаболической, иммунологической и эндокринологической функций легких, а также диагностической роли КВВ.</p><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что легкие взрослого человека содержат около 20 % иммунных клеток, которые поддерживают нормальный гомеостаз и участвуют в реализации защитного барьера против различных патогенов и аллергенов. Значительная роль принадлежит мукозальному иммунитету, реализуемому мукозоассоциированной лимфоидной тканью, клетками иммунной системы, секреторным иммуноглобулином А и различными энзимами. Многообразны клинические проявления иммунопатологических реакций респираторной системы. Так, в клинической практике можно наблюдать аллергические реакции как немедленного, так и замедленного типа; особое место занимают гранулематозные процессы легочной паренхимы. В слизистой оболочке респираторных путей можно идентифицировать нейроэпителий, который играет важную роль в дифференцировке клеточных структур и морфогенезе легочной ткани. Однако участие легких в эндокринологических реакциях остается в настоящее время малоизученным направлением.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. По результатам изучения метаболической, иммунологической и эндокринологической функций легких выявлен целый ряд биологических маркеров при таких заболеваниях, как бронхиальная астма, хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, рак легких, пневмония, а исследования протеома КВВ приблизили нас к открытию новых биологических маркеров.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The metabolic and immunological functions of the lungs are the subject of active scientific research. In recent years, methods for studying organic and inorganic volatile compounds in exhaled air and its condensate have been standardized. The metabolic function of the lung parenchyma involves the regulation of water and electrolyte balance, as well as biologically active amines and peptides. The unique properties of type 2 alveolar cells and alveolar macrophages are manifested in the synthesis and recirculation of surfactant. Pulmonary capillary endothelial cells play a special role, converting angiotensin-1 (a decapeptide) into angiotensin-2 (an octapeptide) with the help of angiotensin-converting enzyme.</p><p>The aim was to study the metabolic, immunological and endocrinological functions of the lungs, as well as the diagnostic role of exhaled air condensate.</p><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The adult lungs contain approximately 20% immune cells, which maintain normal homeostasis and participate in the implementation of a protective barrier against various pathogens and allergens. A significant role is played by mucosal immunity, which involves mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, immune cells, secretory immunoglobulin A, and various enzymes. Clinical manifestations of immunopathological reactions of the respiratory system are diverse. Thus, allergic reactions of both immediate and delayed types can be observed in clinical practice. Granulomatous processes of the pulmonary parenchyma have a special place. Neuroepithelium in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract plays an important role in the differentiation of cell structures and in the morphogenesis of lung tissue. However, the participation of the lungs in endocrinological reactions remains a poorly studied direction.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The research of metabolic, immunological and endocrinological functions of the lungs identified a number of biological markers associated with bronchial asthma, COPD, lung cancer, and pneumonia. Studies of the proteome of exhaled air condensate have brought us closer to the discovery of new biological markers.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метаболическая функция легких</kwd><kwd>иммунологическая функция легких</kwd><kwd>конденсат выдыхаемого воздуха</kwd><kwd>биологические маркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metabolic function of the lungs</kwd><kwd>immunological function of the lungs</kwd><kwd>exhaled breath condensate</kwd><kwd>biological markers</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор декларирует отсутствие внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования и публикации статьи.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author declares that there is no external funding for the research and publication</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Das S., Pal M. 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