<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2025-35-3-450-457</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4756</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Преимущества высокодозной двойной комбинации беклометазона дипропионат / формотерола фумарат</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Advantages of high-dose dual combination of beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6348-6867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зырянов</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyryanov</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зырянов Сергей Кенсаринович – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей и клинической фармакологии Медицинского института РУДН имени Патриса Лумумбы; заместитель главного врача Государственного бюджетного учреждения города Москвы «ГКБ № 24 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы».</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6; 127015, Москва, ул. Писцовая, 10; тел.: (495) 787-38-03; Scopus Author ID: 35796816700; WoS Researcher ID: D-8826-2012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey K. Zyryanov - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Institute, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; Deputy Chief Physician, State budgetary Institution of Moscow City “City Clinical Hospital No.24 of the Moscow Health Department”</p><p>Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow, 117198; ul. Pistsovaya 10, Moscow, 127015; tel.: (495) 787-38-03; Scopus Author ID: 35796816700; WoS Researcher ID: D-8826-2012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergey.k.zyryanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5769-0450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Строк</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strok</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Строк Алина Борисовна – к. м. н., доцент кафедры общей и клинической фармакологии Медицинского института РУДН имени Патриса Лумумбы; клинический фармаколог Российской детской клинической больницы – филиала Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ.</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6; 119571, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 117, корп. 1; тел.: (495) 936-90-28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina B. Strok - Candidate of Medicine, Assistant Professor, Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Institute, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; Clinical Pharmacologist, Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, the Branch of the Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov.</p><p>Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow, 117198; Leninskiy pr. 117, build. 1, Moscow, 119571; tel.: (495) 936-90-28</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alina_strok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-2150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Сергей Николаевич – д. м. н., профессор, академик Российской академии наук; директор Национального медицинского исследовательского центра по профилю «Пульмонология»; руководитель клинического отдела Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии; заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); главный внештатный пульмонолог Министерства здравоохранения РФ.</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28, стр. 10; 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; тел.: (495) 708-35-76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Avdeev - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the National Medical Research Center for Pulmonology; Head of Clinical Department, Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute under Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russian Federation; Chief Pulmonologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Headof the Department of Pulmonology, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Chief Pulmonologist of the Ministry of Health of the RF.</p><p>Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow, 117198; ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991; tel.: (495) 708-35-76</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_avdeev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский институт Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации; Государственное бюджетное учреждение города Москвы «Городская клиническая больница № 24 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Institute, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; State Budgetary Institution of Moscow City “City Clinical Hospital No.24 of the Moscow Health Department”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский институт Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации; Российская детская клиническая больница — филиал Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Institute, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, the Branch of the Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России»; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Institute, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>450</fpage><lpage>457</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зырянов С.К., Строк А.Б., Авдеев С.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зырянов С.К., Строк А.Б., Авдеев С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zyryanov S.K., Strok A.B., Avdeev S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4756">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4756</self-uri><abstract><p>Бронхиальная астма (БА) – хроническое воспалительное заболевание дыхательных путей, при лечении которого требуется комплексный подход. По результатам современных исследований отмечено, что в лечении БА комбинация беклометазона дипропионат (БДП) / формотерола фумарат (ФОРМ) оказывает быстрый бронходилатирующий эффект, при этом улучшается контроль над симптомами БА, снижается частота обострений заболевания, улучшаются показатели функции внешнего дыхания. При назначении БДП / ФОРМ отмечается меньшее число побочных эффектов по сравнению с приемом системных глюкокортикостероидов (ГКС). Быстрое начало действия и продолжительный эффект фиксированной комбинации БДП / ФОРМ позволяют использовать единый ингалятор как для купирования симптомов БА, так и для поддерживающей терапии. Наличие ФОРМ в составе фиксированной комбинации обеспечивает быструю бронходилатацию, при этом повышается приверженность базисной терапии БА.</p><p>Целью работы являлась оценка клинических и фармакоэкономических преимуществ высокодозной фиксированной комбинации экстрамелкодисперсного (ЭМД) БДП / ФОРМ в дозе 200 / 6 мкг у пациентов с БА в сравнении с другими комбинациями ингаляционных ГКС (иГКС) и β2-агонистов адренорецепторов длительного действия.</p><p>Заключение. ЭМД БДП / ФОРМ в дозе 200 / 6 мкг можно рассматривать как эффективное и безопасное средство для лечения пациентов с БА, состояние которых не контролируется должным образом при монотерапии высокими дозами иГКС или средними дозами иГКС в сочетании с β2-агонистами адренорецепторов длительного действия. Клиническое преимущество комбинации БДП / ФОРМ в сравнении с фиксированной комбинацией иГКС / салметерол (САЛМ) заключается в значительно более быстром наступлении бронхолитического действия ФОРМ (в течение 1–3 мин после ингаляции), также при этом повышаются шансы на достижение контроля над БА и снижение ежедневного потребления β2-агонистов адренорецепторов короткого действия по сравнению с таковым комбинации флутиказона пропионат / САЛМ благодаря малым размерам молекулы БДП / ФОРМ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract which requires a multifaceted approach to treatment. The results of modern studies of asthma treatment have shown that combination of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP)/formoterol fumarate (FF) has a rapid bronchodilating effect, while improving control over asthma symptoms, reducing the frequency of exacerbations, and improving the indicators of external respiratory function. Treatment with BDP/FF is associated fewer side effects compared to systemic corticosteroids (CSs). The rapid onset of action of the fixed BDP/FF combination and the long-lasting effect allow using a single inhaler both for relief of asthma symptoms and for maintenance therapy. The presence of FF in the fixed combination provides rapid bronchodilation, while increasing adherence to basic asthma therapy.</p><p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and pharmacoeconomic advantages of a high-dose fixed combination of extrafine dispersed (EFD) BDP/FF 200/6 μg in patients with asthma in comparison with other combinations of inhaled CSs and long-acting β2-agonists.</p><p>Conclusion. EFD BDP/FF at a dose of 200/6 μg can be considered an effective and safe agent for asthma patients whose condition is not adequately controlled with monotherapy with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) or medium doses of ICSs in combination with long-acting β2-agonists. The clinical advantage of the BDP/FF combination compared to the fixed combination of ICS/salmeterol (SALM) is the significantly faster onset of the bronchodilator effect of FF (within 1 – 3 minutes after the inhalation), along with the increase in the likelihood of asthma control and reduction of the daily consumption of short-acting β2-agonists compared to the combination of fluticasone propionate/SALM due to the small size of the BDP/ FF molecules.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ингаляционные глюкокортикостероиды</kwd><kwd>двойная комбинация</kwd><kwd>фиксированная комбинация в высокой дозе</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>экстрамелкодисперсные частицы</kwd><kwd>беклометазона дипропионат</kwd><kwd>формотерола фумарат</kwd><kwd>мелкие дыхательные пути</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inhaled corticosteroids</kwd><kwd>double combination</kwd><kwd>high-dose fixed combination</kwd><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>extrafine particles</kwd><kwd>beclomethasone dipropionate</kwd><kwd>formoterol fumarate</kwd><kwd>small airway</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена без финансовой поддержки. Статья опубликована при финансовой поддержке Общества с ограниченной ответственностью «Кьези Фармасьютикалс»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared without financial support. The article was published with the financial support of Chiesi Pharmaceuticals LLC</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Virchow J.C. [Asthma – a small airway disease: concepts and evidence]. Pneumologie. 2009; 63 (Suppl. 2): 96–101. DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214715 (in German).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Virchow J.C. [Asthma – a small airway disease: concepts and evidence]. Pneumologie. 2009; 63 (Suppl. 2): 96–101. DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214715 (in German).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deepak D., Prasad A., Atwal S.S., Agarwal K. Recognition of small airways obstruction in asthma and COPD – The road less travelled. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2017; 11: TE01–05. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/19920.9478.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deepak D., Prasad A., Atwal S.S., Agarwal K. Recognition of small airways obstruction in asthma and COPD – The road less travelled. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2017; 11: TE01–05. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/19920.9478.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baraldo S., Turato G., Saetta M. Pathophysiology of the small airways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration. 2012; 84 (2): 89–97. DOI: 10.1159/000341382.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baraldo S., Turato G., Saetta M. Pathophysiology of the small airways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration. 2012; 84 (2): 89–97. DOI: 10.1159/000341382.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Usmani O.S., Barnes P.J. Assessing and treating small airways disease in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann. Med. 2012; 44 (2): 146–156. DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.585656.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usmani O.S., Barnes P.J. Assessing and treating small airways disease in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann. Med. 2012; 44 (2): 146–156. DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.585656.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carr T.F., Altisheh R., Zitt M. Small airways disease and severe asthma. World Allergy Organ. J. 2017; 10 (1): 20. DOI: 10.1186/s40413-017-0153-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carr T.F., Altisheh R., Zitt M. Small airways disease and severe asthma. World Allergy Organ. J. 2017; 10 (1): 20. DOI: 10.1186/s40413-017-0153-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van den Berge M., ten Hacken N.H., van der Wiel E., Postma D.S. Treatment of the bronchial tree from beginning to end: Targeting small airway inflammation in asthma. Allergy. 2013; 68 (1): 16–26. DOI: 10.1111/all.12062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van den Berge M., ten Hacken N.H., van der Wiel E., Postma D.S. Treatment of the bronchial tree from beginning to end: Targeting small airway inflammation in asthma. Allergy. 2013; 68 (1): 16–26. DOI: 10.1111/all.12062.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Usmani O.S., Singh D., Spinola M. et al. The prevalence of small airways disease in adult asthma: a systematic literature review. Respir. Med. 2016; 116: 19–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.05.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usmani O.S., Singh D., Spinola M. et al. The prevalence of small airways disease in adult asthma: a systematic literature review. Respir. Med. 2016; 116: 19–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.05.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Switching to CFC-free beclometasone for asthma. Drug Ther. Bull. 2008; 46 (6): 46–48. DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2008.05.0013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Switching to CFC-free beclometasone for asthma. Drug Ther. Bull. 2008; 46 (6): 46–48. DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2008.05.0013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanden Burgt J.A., Busse W.W., Martin R.J. et al. Efficacy and safety overview of a new inhaled corticosteroid, QVAR (hydrofluoroalkane-beclomethasone extrafine inhalation aerosol), in asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2000; 106 (6): 1209–1226. DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.111582.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanden Burgt J.A., Busse W.W., Martin R.J. et al. Efficacy and safety overview of a new inhaled corticosteroid, QVAR (hydrofluoroalkane-beclomethasone extrafine inhalation aerosol), in asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2000; 106 (6): 1209–1226. DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.111582.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leach C.L., Davidson P.J., Hasselquist B.E., Boudreau R.J. Influence of particle size and patient dosing technique on lung deposition of HFA-beclomethasone from a metered dose inhaler. J. Aerosol. Med. 2005; 18 (4): 379–385. DOI: 10.1089/jam.2005.18.379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leach C.L., Davidson P.J., Hasselquist B.E., Boudreau R.J. Influence of particle size and patient dosing technique on lung deposition of HFA-beclomethasone from a metered dose inhaler. J. Aerosol. Med. 2005; 18 (4): 379–385. DOI: 10.1089/jam.2005.18.379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leach C.L., Davidson P.J., Boudreau R.J. Improved airway targeting with the CFC-free HFA-beclomethasone metered-dose inhaler compared with CFC-beclomethasone. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 12 (6): 1346–1353. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.98.12061346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leach C.L., Davidson P.J., Boudreau R.J. Improved airway targeting with the CFC-free HFA-beclomethasone metered-dose inhaler compared with CFC-beclomethasone. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 12 (6): 1346–1353. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.98.12061346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh D., Corradi M., Spinola M. et al. Extrafine beclometasone diproprionate/formoterol fumarate: a review of its effects in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NPJ. Prim. Care Respir. Med. 2016; 26: 16030. DOI: 10.1038/npjpcrm.2016.30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh D., Corradi M., Spinola M. et al. Extrafine beclometasone diproprionate/formoterol fumarate: a review of its effects in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NPJ. Prim. Care Respir. Med. 2016; 26: 16030. DOI: 10.1038/npjpcrm.2016.30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титова О.Н., Кузубова Н.А., Лебедева Е.С., Преображенская Т.Н. Эффект применения экстрамелкодисперсной комбинации беклометазон / формотерол на ранней стадии формирования модели ХОБЛ. Русский медицинский журнал. 2022; (2): 16–20. Доступно на: https://www.rusmedreview.com/upload/iblock/945/16-20.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titova O.N., Kuzubova N.A., Lebedeva E.S., Preobrazhenskaya Т.N. [The effect of using an extrafine combination of beclomethasone/formoterol at an early stage of COPD model formation]. Russkiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2022; (2): 16–20. Available at: https://www.rusmedreview.com/upload/iblock/945/16-20.pdf (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haque R., Hakim A., Moodley T. et al. Inhaled long-acting β2 agonists enhance glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation and efficacy in sputum macrophages in COPD. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2013; 132 (5): 1166–1173. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haque R., Hakim A., Moodley T. et al. Inhaled long-acting β2 agonists enhance glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation and efficacy in sputum macrophages in COPD. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2013; 132 (5): 1166–1173. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архипов В.В., Айсанов З.P., Авдеев C.Н. Эффективность комбинаций ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов и длительно действующих β-агонистов в условиях реальной медицинской практики: результаты многоцентрового кросс-секционного исследования у российских пациентов с бронхиальной астмой. Пульмонология. 2021; 31 (5): 613–626. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-5-613-626</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arkhipov V.V., Aisanov Z.R., Avdeev S.N. [Effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists combinations in real clinical practice: results of a multicenter cross-sectional study in Russian patients with asthma]. Pul'monologiya. 2021; 31 (5): 613–626. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-5-613-626 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braido F., Brusselle G., Guastalla D. et al. Determinants and impact of suboptimal asthma control in Europe: The International cross-sectional and longitudinal assessment on asthma control (Liaison) study. Respir. Res. 2016; 17 (1): 51. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0374-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braido F., Brusselle G., Guastalla D. et al. Determinants and impact of suboptimal asthma control in Europe: The International cross-sectional and longitudinal assessment on asthma control (Liaison) study. Respir. Res. 2016; 17 (1): 51. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0374-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hekking P.W., Wener R.R., Amelink M. et al. The prevalence of severe refractory asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2015; 135 (4): 896–902. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hekking P.W., Wener R.R., Amelink M. et al. The prevalence of severe refractory asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2015; 135 (4): 896–902. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirenga B.J., Chakaya J., Yimer G et al. The burden of severe asthma in sub-Saharan Africa: Findings from the African Severe Asthma Project. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Glob. 2024; 3 (2): 100209. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirenga B.J., Chakaya J., Yimer G et al. The burden of severe asthma in sub-Saharan Africa: Findings from the African Severe Asthma Project. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Glob. 2024; 3 (2): 100209. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100209.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rönnebjerg L., Axelsson M., Kankaanranta H. et al. Severe asthma in a General Population Study: prevalence and clinical characteristics. J. Asthma Allergy. 2021; 14: 1105–1115. DOI: 10.2147/JAA.S327659.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rönnebjerg L., Axelsson M., Kankaanranta H. et al. Severe asthma in a General Population Study: prevalence and clinical characteristics. J. Asthma Allergy. 2021; 14: 1105–1115. DOI: 10.2147/JAA.S327659.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2024. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/GINA-2024-Strategy-Report-24_05_22_WMS.pdf [Accessed: October 20, 2024].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2024. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/GINA-2024-Strategy-Report-24_05_22_WMS.pdf [Accessed: October 20, 2024].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Price D., Small I., Haughney J. et al. Clinical and cost effectiveness of switching asthma patients from fluticasone–salmeterol to extra-fine particle beclometasone–formoterol: a retrospective matched observational study of real-world patients. Prim. Care Respir. J. 2013; 22 (4): 439–448. DOI: 10.4104/pcrj.2013.00088.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Price D., Small I., Haughney J. et al. Clinical and cost effectiveness of switching asthma patients from fluticasone–salmeterol to extra-fine particle beclometasone–formoterol: a retrospective matched observational study of real-world patients. Prim. Care Respir. J. 2013; 22 (4): 439–448. DOI: 10.4104/pcrj.2013.00088.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corradi M., Spinola M., Petruzzelli S., Kuna P. High-dose beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate in fixed-dose combination for the treatment of asthma. Ther. Adv. Respir Dis. 2016; 10 (5): 492–502. DOI: 10.1177/1753465816654442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corradi M., Spinola M., Petruzzelli S., Kuna P. High-dose beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate in fixed-dose combination for the treatment of asthma. Ther. Adv. Respir Dis. 2016; 10 (5): 492–502. DOI: 10.1177/1753465816654442.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allegra L., Cremonesi G., Girbino G. et al. Real-life prospective study on asthma control in Italy: cross-sectional phase results. Respir. Med. 2012; 106 (2): 205–214. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.10.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allegra L., Cremonesi G., Girbino G. et al. Real-life prospective study on asthma control in Italy: cross-sectional phase results. Respir. Med. 2012; 106 (2): 205–214. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.10.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куликов А.Ю., Макарова Е.И. Фармакоэкономический анализ применения лекарственного препарата Фостер® в лечении бронхиальной астмы. Фармакоэкономика: теория и практика. 2017; 5 (3): 54–63. Доступно на: https://pharmacoeconom.com/netcat_files/367/577/Farmakoekonomicheski_y_analiz_primeneniya_lekarstvennogo_preparata_foster___v_lechenii_bronhial_noy_astmy.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulikov A.Yu., Makarova E.I. [Pharmacoeconomic analysis of the use of foster® in the treatment of bronchial asthma]. Farmakoekonomika: teoriya I praktika. 2017; 5 (3): 54–63. Available at: https://pharmacoeconom.com/netcat_files/367/577/Farmakoekonomicheski_y_analiz_primeneniya_lekarstvennogo_preparata_foster___v_lechenii_bronhial_noy_astmy.pdf (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Общая характеристика лекарственного препарата (ОХЛП) «Фостер» по данным Реестра ОХЛП и ЛВ ЕАЭС. Доступно на: www.regmed.ru [Дата обращения: 20.10.24].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[General characteristics of the medicinal product (GCMP) "Foster" according to the EAEU Register of GCMP and LV]. Available at: www.regmed.ru [Accessed: October 20, 2024] (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеев С.Н., Айсанов З.Р., Архипов В.В. и др. Выбор терапии для пациентов, не достигающих контроля над бронхиальной астмой на базисной терапии средними дозами ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов / длительно действующих β2-агонистов. Резолюция Совета экспертов. Пульмонология. 2024; 34 (5): 746–755. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2024-34-5-746-755.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avdeev S.N., Aisanov Z.R., Arkhipov V.V. et al. [Choice of therapy for patients who do not achieve control over bronchial asthma on basic therapy with medium doses of inhaled glucocorticosteroids/long-acting β2-agonists. Resolution of the Expert Council]. Pul’monologiya. 2024; 34 (5): 746–755. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2024-34-5-746-755 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
