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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2014-0-5-101-110</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-475</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Спирометрия в диагностике и оценке терапии хронической обструктивной болезни легких в общеврачебной практике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spirometry for diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy evaluation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айсанов</surname><given-names>З. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aysanov</surname><given-names>Z. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., профессор, зав. отделом клинической физиологии и клинических исследований ФГБУ "НИИ пульмонологии" ФМБА России; тел.: (495) 9653466</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aisanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняк</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyak</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м. н., зав. лабораторией функциональных и ультразвуковых методов исследования ФГБУ "НИИ пульмонологии" ФМБА России; тел.: (495) 9653466</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">achi2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калманова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalmanova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м. н., зав. отделением функциональной диагностики Городской клинической больницы № 57 Москвы, доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии педиатрического факультета РНИМУ им. Н.И.Пирогова; тел.: (495) 9653466</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kalmanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "НИИ пульмонологии" ФМБА России: 105077, Москва, ул. 11-я Парковая, 32, корп. 4</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Institution "Pulmonology Research Institute", Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Айсанов З.Р., Черняк А.В., Калманова Е.Н., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Айсанов З.Р., Черняк А.В., Калманова Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aysanov Z.R., Chernyak A.V., Kalmanova E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/475">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/475</self-uri><abstract><p>Спирометрия является основным методом диагностики, документирования тяжести и оценки эффективности терапии хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ). В соответствии с современным определением заболевания, главным патофизиологическим критерием диагностики ХОБЛ является постоянное, обычно прогрессирующее ограничение воздушного потока (ОВП). Описаны основные спирометрические диагностические критерии ХОБЛ и правила проведения бронходилатационного теста для диагностики ХОБЛ, значение отношения показателей объема форсированного выдоха за 1ю секунду (ОФВ1) и форсированной жизненной емкости легких при использовании в качестве диагностического критерия его фиксированного значения или нижней границы нормы. Одной из важных и недостаточно широко используемых возможностей спирометрии при ХОБЛ является возможность диагностики гипервоздушности при оценке спирометрических параметров (в частности показателя емкости вдоха). Следствием недостаточного использования спирометрии являются гиподиагностика и поздняя постановка диагноза. Основной причиной гиподиагностики считается низкий уровень внедрения спирометрии среди врачей общей практики, т. к. большинство больных ХОБЛ обращаются к врачу только при поздней стадии развития заболевания и выраженной симптоматике, когда легочная функция существенно снижена. Важной проблемой внедрения спирометрии среди врачей общей практики является сложность обучения методике технически правильного выполнения спирометрического исследования и основам интерпретации полученных результатов. Несмотря на появление новой классификации ХОБЛ, в основу которой положена новая методология суммарной оценки заболевания, именно сниженные спирометрические показатели (ОФВ1 &lt; 50 %) в большинстве случаев играют решающую роль при отнесении больных ХОБЛ к категории высокого риска развития обострения. Показано, что выявление врачами общей практики ХОБЛ на начальных этапах ее развития с помощью спирометрии является наиболее эффективной стратегией для ранней диагностики и более успешнойтерапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Spirometry is the principal method of diagnosis and evaluation of severity and therapeutic efficacy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). According to the current definition of this disease the main pathophysiological sign of COPD is persistent and generally progres sive airflow limitation. This article will reviews common spirometric parameters used for COPD diagnosis and a diagnostic value of FEV1 / FVC ratio used in absolute values or as the lower limit of its normal range. Spirometry allows detecting pulmonary hyperinflation, particularly using the inspiratory capacity; this possibility is very important but is not widely applied. This is a probable reason of COPD underestimation and late diagnosis. Underestimation of COPD is thought to be due to low spirometry implementation in primary care practice as majority of COPD patients seek medical care in the advanced disease when pulmonary function has already been lost significantly. A great problem for wide implementation of spirometry in general practice is difficulty to learn adequate spirometric testing and interpretation of test results. Notwithstanding a new integral assessment of COPD underlying the current COPD classification spirometric parameters (FEV1 &lt; 50 %pred.) often are the leading criteria to predict a high risk of future exacerbations. Recent data have been demonstrated that early spirometric diagnosis of COPD in primary care is the most effective strategy providing more sufficient therapy results.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd><kwd>спирометрия</kwd><kwd>ранняя диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>spirometry</kwd><kwd>early diagnosis.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murray C.J.L., Lopez A. D. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997; 349 (9064): 1498–1504.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murray C.J.L., Lopez A. D. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. 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