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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2025-35-4-530-538</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4739</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современная иммунодиагностика туберкулезной инфекции у взрослых</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern immunodiagnostics of tuberculosis infection in adults</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2602-214X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смердин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smerdin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смердин Сергей Викторович – д. м. н., профессор, главный врач, Московский областной клинический противотуберкулезный диспансер; заведующий кафедрой фтизиатрии, Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф.Владимирского</p><p>141132, Московская обл., Мытищи, пос. Здравница, ул. Дубки, 7; 129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61 / 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Smerdin, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Chief Physician, Moscow Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary; Head of the Department of Phthisiology, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (“MONIKI”)</p><p>ul. Dubki 7, Zdravnitsa, Mytishchi, Moscow region, 141132; ul. Shchepkina 61/2, Moscow, 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mz_mokptd@mosreg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гордеев Алексей Алексеевич – врач-фтизиатр, заведующий Орехово-Зуевским филиалом</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Gordeev, Phthisiologist, Head of the Orekhovo-Zuevo branch</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mz_mokptd_oz@mosreg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1687-7598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плеханова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plekhanova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плеханова Мария Александровна – д. м. н., заместитель главного врача по научной работе, Московский областной клинический противотуберкулезный диспансер; профессор кафедры фтизиатрии, Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф.Владимирского</p><p>141132, Московская обл., Мытищи, пос. Здравница, ул. Дубки, 7; 129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61 / 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Plekhanova, Doctor of Medicine, Deputy Chief Physician for Scientific Work, Moscow Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary; Professor, Department of Phthisiology, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (“MONIKI”)</p><p>ul. Dubki 7, Zdravnitsa, Mytishchi, Moscow region, 141132; ul. Shchepkina 61/2, Moscow, 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dina-plus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6172-9012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вершинина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vershinina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вершинина Мария Вячеславовна – д. м. н., врач-фтизиатр, врач-пульмонолог, Московский областной клинический противотуберкулезный диспансер; профессор кафедры фтизиатрии, Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф.Владимирского</p><p>141132, Московская обл., Мытищи, пос. Здравница, ул. Дубки, 7; 129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61 / 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Vershinina, Doctor of Medicine, Phthisiologist, Pulmonologist, SMoscow Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary; Professor, Department of Phthisiology, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (“MONIKI”)</p><p>ul. Dubki 7, Zdravnitsa, Mytishchi, Moscow region, 141132; ul. Shchepkina 61/2, Moscow, 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mver@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачук</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachuk</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ткачук Артем Петрович – ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологии, вирусологии и молекулярно-биологических методов исследования</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Достоевского, 4, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artyom P. Tkachuk, Leading Researcher, Microbiology Laboratory, Virology and Molecular Biological Research Methods</p><p>ul. Dostoyevskogo 4, build. 2, Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artempetrovichtkachuk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2296-6151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мануйлов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manuylov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мануйлов Виктор Александрович – к. б. н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории трансляционной биомедицины</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Manuilov, Candidate of Biology, Senior Researcher, Translational Biomedicine Laboratory</p><p>ul. Gamalei 18, Moscow, 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">victormanuilov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-0898</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудряшова Александра Михайловна – научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской биотехнологии </p><p>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra M. Kudryashova, Researcher, Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology</p><p>Malyy Kazennyy per. 5A, Moscow, 105064</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">2238250@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5803-6263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черепович</surname><given-names>Б. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherepovich</surname><given-names>B. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черепович Богдан Сергеевич – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики РНК-содержащих вирусов </p><p>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bogdan S. Cherepovich, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics of RNA-Containing Viruses</p><p>Malyy Kazennyy per. 5A, Moscow, 105064</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cherepovichb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7664-2945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисова Ольга Васильевна – к. х. н., заведующая лабораторией медицинской биотехнологии </p><p>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Borisova, Candidate of Chemistry, Head of the Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology</p><p>Malyy Kazennyy per. 5A, Moscow, 105064</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.v.borisova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Московской области «Московский областной клинический противотуберкулезный диспансер»; &#13;
Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф.Владимирского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Moscow Region “Moscow Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary”; &#13;
Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (“MONIKI”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Московской области «Московский областной клинический противотуберкулезный диспансер»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Moscow Region “Moscow Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф.Гамалеи» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Federal Government Budgetary Institution “National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F.Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И.И.Мечникова» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “I.I.Mechnikov Vaccine and Serum Research Institute” Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>530</fpage><lpage>538</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смердин С.В., Гордеев А.А., Плеханова М.А., Вершинина М.В., Ткачук А.П., Мануйлов В.А., Кудряшова А.М., Черепович Б.С., Борисова О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смердин С.В., Гордеев А.А., Плеханова М.А., Вершинина М.В., Ткачук А.П., Мануйлов В.А., Кудряшова А.М., Черепович Б.С., Борисова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smerdin S.V., Gordeev A.A., Plekhanova M.A., Vershinina M.V., Tkachuk A.P., Manuylov V.A., Kudryashova A.M., Cherepovich B.S., Borisova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4739">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4739</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на устойчивое снижение основных эпидемиологически значимых показателей по туберкулезу в России, проблема выбора доступного и информативного диагностического теста для своевременного выявления латентной туберкулезной инфекции (ЛТИ) сохраняется.</p><p>Целью исследования явилась оценка сопоставимости различных методов иммунологической диагностики у взрослых пациентов с ЛТИ при высоком (ВР) и низком (НР) риске развития туберкулеза, а также лиц с установленным туберкулезом органов дыхания (ТОД).</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено одномоментное открытое одноцентровое исследование (n = 100) с участием взрослых пациентов, которые были распределены на 3 группы: в 1-ю (n = 50; ЛТИ-НР) были включены условно здоровые лица с ЛТИ и низким риском развития туберкулеза; 2-ю (n = 25; ЛТИ-ВР) составили пациенты с ЛТИ и высоким риском развития туберкулеза, 3-ю (n = 25) – больные ТОД. Все участники прошли одномоментное обследование с использованием 6 тестов иммунологической диагностики: проба Манту с 2 туберкулиновыми единицами (ТЕ) туберкулина, представляющего собой очищенный протеина дериват (purified protein derivative) в модификации М.А.Линниковой (ППД-Л), проба с препаратом Диаскинтест®, T-SPOT®.TB, QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus, Standard Е TB-Feron IGRA и ИГРА-ТБ. Конечной точкой исследования являлась общая процентная согласованность результатов, т. е. способность тестов правильно предсказывать состояние, предполагаемое по совокупности клинических признаков.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Доля положительных результатов в группах ТОД и ЛТИ-ВР и отрицательных – в группе ЛТИ-НР составила 83 % для теста ИГРА-ТБ, 80 % – для пробы с препаратом Диаскинтест®, 80 %– для теста QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus, 78 % – для теста Standard E TB-Feron IGRA, 67% – для теста T-SPOT®.TB (p &gt; 0,05). Достоверно более низкая результативность показана только при проведении пробы Манту с 2 ТЕ ППД-Л (53 %; p &lt; 0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Новый отечественный тест ИГРА-ТБ не уступает зарубежным аналогам и может быть рекомендован в практическом здравоохранении в качестве диагностики ЛТИ у взрослых. Представляется принципиально важным продолжить изучение информативности тестов у взрослых пациентов в условиях реальной клинической практики без применения строгих критериев отбора. Иммунологические особенности пациентов, обусловливающие различную чувствительность тестов, нуждаются в дальнейшем изучении.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the steady decline in the main epidemiologically significant indicators of tuberculosis in Russia, the problem remains of choosing an affordable and informative diagnostic test for the timely detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTI).</p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of various methods of immunological diagnosis in adult patients with LTI with a high (LTI-HR) and low (LTI-LR) risk of developing tuberculosis, as well as in patients with established tuberculosis of the respiratory system.</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A cross-sectional open single-center study was conducted, which included 100 adult patients. The first group included 50 conditionally healthy individuals with LTI-LR. The second group of patients consisted of 25 people with LTI-HR. The third group of patients included 25 patients with tuberculosis of the respiratory system (TRS). All participants were examined once using six immunological diagnostic tests: Mantoux test with 2 units PPD-L, Diaskintest, T-SPOT®.TB, QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus, Standard E TB-Feron IGRA and IGRA-TB. The end point of the study was the overall percentage consistency of the results, that is, the ability of the tests to correctly predict the condition assumed by the combination of clinical signs.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The proportion of “correct results” (positive in the TRS and LTI-HR group and negative in the LTI-LR group) was 83% for the IGRA-TB test, 80% for the Diaskintest, 80% for the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus test, 78% for the Standard E TB-Feron IGRA test, 67% for the T-SPOT®.TB test (p &gt; 0.05). Only the Mantoux test with 2 units PPD-L showed significantly lower “accuracy” in our study (53%; p &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The new Russian test IGRA-TB is not inferior to its foreign counterparts and can be recommended in practical healthcare as a diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in adults. It seems fundamentally important to continue studying the informative value of tests in adult patients in real clinical practice without applying strict selection criteria. The immunological features of the patients, which determine the different sensitivity of the tests, need to be further studied.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>латентная туберкулезная инфекция</kwd><kwd>иммунологическая диагностика</kwd><kwd>IGRA-тесты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>latent tuberculosis infection</kwd><kwd>immunological diagnostics</kwd><kwd>IGRA tests</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guinn K., Hickey M., Mathur S. et al. Individual RD1-region genes are required for export of ESAT-6/CFP-10 and for virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol. Microbiol. 2004; 51 (2): 359–370. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03844.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guinn K., Hickey M., Mathur S. et al. 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