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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2025-35-2-177-188</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4687</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние полиморфных вариантов генов I фазы биотрансформации ксенобиотиков на эффективность и безопасность терапии CFTR-модуляторами при муковисцидозе с учетом осложнений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of polymorphic variants of genes involved in the phase I genes of xenobiotic biotransformation on the effectiveness and safety of therapy with CFTR modulators in cystic fibrosis with and without complications</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5013-3360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жекайте</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhekaite</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Кястутисовна Жекайте, к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник, врач-педиатр</p><p>отдел муковисцидоза; отделение муковисцидоза</p><p>115478; ул. Москворечье, 1; Москва; 141009; ул. Коминтерна, 24А, стр. 1; Московская обл.; Мытищи</p><p>тел.: (499) 324-15-01</p><p>Scopus ID: 57216849405; Web of Science Researcher ID: K-2207-2018</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena K. Zhekaite, Candidate of Medicine, Senior Researcher, Pediatrician</p><p>Department of Cystic Fibrosis; Department of Cystic Fibrosis</p><p>115522; ul. Moskvorechye 1; Moscow; 141009; ul. Kominterna 124A, build. 1; Moskovskaya obl.; Mytishchi</p><p>tel.: (499) 324-15-01</p><p>Scopus ID: 57216849405; Web of Science Researcher ID: K-2207-2018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Elena_zhekayte@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8814-5532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельяновская</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melyanovskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Леонидовна Мельяновская, к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник </p><p>отдел муковисцидоза</p><p>115478; ул. Москворечье, 1; Москва; 141009; ул. Коминтерна, 24А, стр. 1; Московская обл.; Мытищи</p><p>тел.: (495) 324-20-24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya L. Melyanovskaya, Candidate of Medicine, Senior Researcher</p><p>Scientific and Clinical Department of Cystic Fibrosis</p><p>115522; ul. Moskvorechye 1; Moscow; 141009; ul. Kominterna 124A, build. 1; Moskovskaya obl.; Mytishchi</p><p>tel.: (495) 324-20-24</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">melcat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9493-6544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балинова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balinova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Валерьевна Балинова, к. б. н., старший научный сотрудник</p><p>лаборатория генетической эпидемиологии</p><p>115478; ул. Москворечье, 1; Москва</p><p>тел.: (495) 324-20-24</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 158176; WoS Researcher ID: P-9082-2016; Scopus ID: 24460426800</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Balinova, Candidate of Biology, Senior Researcher</p><p>Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology</p><p>115522; ul. Moskvorechye 1; Moscow</p><p>tel.: (495) 324-20-24</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 158176; WoS Researcher ID: P-9082-2016; Scopus ID: 24460426800</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">balinovs@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3043-8674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лошкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loshkova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Владимировна Лошкова, д. м. н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>научно-клинический отдел муковисцидоза</p><p>115478; ул. Москворечье, 1; Москва</p><p>тел.: (495) 324-20-24</p><p>Researcher ID: S-3698-2016; Scopus Author ID: 23980606400</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Loshkova, Doctor of Medicine, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher</p><p>Department of Cystic Fibrosis</p><p>115522; ul. Moskvorechye 1; Moscow</p><p>tel.: (495) 324-20-24</p><p>Researcher ID: S-3698-2016; Scopus Author ID: 23980606400</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenafpk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8183-7990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронкова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Юрьевна Воронкова,  к. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник, врач-педиатр</p><p>научно-клинический отдел муковисцидоза; отделение муковисцидоза</p><p>115478; ул. Москворечье, 1; Москва; 141009; ул. Коминтерна, 24А, стр. 1; Московская обл.; Мытищи</p><p>тел.: (495) 324-20-24</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57189352251; Web of Science Researcher ID: M-7191-2014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Yu. Voronkova, Candidate of Medicine, Leading Researcher, Pediatrician</p><p>Scientific and Clinical Department of Cystic Fibrosis; Department of Cystic Fibrosis</p><p>115522; ul. Moskvorechye 1; Moscow; 141009; ul. Kominterna 124A, build. 1; Moskovskaya obl.; Mytishchi</p><p>tel.: (495) 324-20-24</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57189352251; Web of Science Researcher ID: M-7191-2014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voronkova111@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6395-0407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratyeva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Ивановна Кондратьева,  д. м. н., профессор, заместитель директора,  руководитель отдела, заведующая кафедрой</p><p>Центр муковисцидоза;  научно-клинический отдел муковисцидоза; Институт высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования; кафедра генетики болезней дыхательной системы</p><p>115478; ул. Москворечье, 1; Москва; 141009; ул. Коминтерна, 24А, стр. 1; Московская обл.; Мытищи</p><p>тел.: (495) 324-20-24</p><p>Scopus ID: 35196167800; Web of Science Researcher ID: АВВ-9783-2021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Kondratyeva, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Deputy Director of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Head of the Department, Head of the Department </p><p>Scientific and Clinical Department of Cystic Fibrosis; Department of Genetics of Diseases of the Respiratory System</p><p>115522; ul. Moskvorechye 1; Moscow; 141009; ul. Kominterna 124A, build. 1; Moskovskaya obl.; Mytishchi</p><p>tel.: (495) 324-20-24</p><p>Scopus ID: 35196167800; Web of Science Researcher ID: АВВ-9783-2021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenafpk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П.Бочкова»; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Московской области «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт детства Министерства здравоохранения Московской области»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Centre for Medical Genetics”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Moscow region “Research Clinical Institute of Childhood”, Healthcare Ministry of Moscow Region</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П.Бочкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Centre for Medical Genetics”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>177</fpage><lpage>188</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жекайте Е.К., Мельяновская Ю.Л., Балинова Н.В., Лошкова Е.В., Воронкова А.Ю., Кондратьева Е.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жекайте Е.К., Мельяновская Ю.Л., Балинова Н.В., Лошкова Е.В., Воронкова А.Ю., Кондратьева Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhekaite E.K., Melyanovskaya Y.L., Balinova N.V., Loshkova E.V., Voronkova A.Y., Kondratyeva E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4687">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4687</self-uri><abstract><p>   Полиморфизм генов, участвующих в метаболизме лекарственных препаратов, является одним из наиболее распространенных наследуемых факторов риска, связанных с нежелательными реакциями (НР) на лекарственные препараты.</p><p>   Целью исследования являлось изучение влияния полиморфизма генов I фазы биотрансформации ксенобиотиков на эффективность и безопасность терапии CFTR-модуляторами при муковисцидозе (МВ) с учетом осложнений для оптимизации терапии.</p><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. Проанализированы данные пациентов (n = 301; средний возраст – 11,1 ± 3,8 года), получавших лумакафтор / ивакафтор и элекcакафтор / тезакафтор / ивакафтор в 2022–2024 гг. Проведено исследование полиморфизма генов-ферментов, метаболизирующих лекарственные средства на этапе I: CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910; c.1075A&gt;C; I359L), CYP2C9*2 (rs1799853; c.430 C&gt;T; R144C), CYP2C19*2 (rs4244285; c.681G&gt;A), CYP2C19*3 (rs4244285; c.681G&gt;A), (rs4986893; c.636G&gt;A; W212X), CYP2D6*4 (rs3892097; 1846G&gt;A), CYP3A4*3 (rs4986910; M445T; c.1334 T&gt;C), CYP3A4*1B (rs2740574; c.-392C&gt;T). Исследование проводилось методом полимеразной цепной реакции с последующим анализом полиморфизмов длин рестрикционных фрагментов или полиморфизмов длин амплифицированных фрагментов.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Через 1 год терапии CFTR-модуляторами (р = 0,048) лучшая прибавка массы тела показана у пациентов с генотипом GG полиморфного варианта CYP2D6*4 гена CYP2D6. У пациентов с генотипом АС полиморфного варианта CYP2C9*3 гена CYP2C9 продемонстрированы более высокие показатели массы тела, роста, индекса массы тела до терапии и через 1 год после (р = 0,05), а также лучшая прибавка в росте в динамике (р = 0,010) по сравнению с носителями генотипа АА, что свидетельствует о более высокой эффективности таргетной терапии у пациентов-носителей генотипа АС. У пациентов с генотипом GG полиморфного вариантов CYP2D6*4 гена CYP2D6 и АA полиморфного варианта CYP2C19*2 гена CYP2C19 чаще наблюдались нежелательные НР и повышение уровня печеночных трансаминаз в сыворотке крови. У пациентов с циррозом печени чаще регистрировалось повышение уровня трансаминаз и НР на фоне приема таргетной терапии по сравнению с лицами без поражения печени. У пациентов с мекониевым илеусом в анамнезе отмечены более низкие показатели форсированной жизненной емкости легких через 1 год терапии, более высокие показатели аланинаминотрансферазы до / после терапии и аспартатаминотрансферазы – после терапии, а также лучшая прибавка в росте на терапии CFTR-модуляторами за 1 год (р &lt; 0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Определение генотипа полиморфизмов CYP2C9*3 гена CYP2C9, CYP2C19*2 гена CYP2C19, и CYP2D6*4 гена CYP2D6 важно для прогнозирования эффективности и безопасности (токсического воздействия на печень) таргетной терапии при МВ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Polymorphism of genes involved in drug metabolism is one of the most common inherited risk factors associated with adverse drug reactions.</p><p>   The aim of the study was to study the effect of the polymorphism of genes involved in the phase 1 of xenobiotic biotransformation on the efficacy and safety of CFTR modulator therapy in cystic fibrosis, taking into account the complications, in order to optimize therapy.</p><sec><title>   Methods</title><p>   Methods. The study included 301 patients with the average age of 11.1 ± 3.8 years who received lumacaftor/ivacaftor and elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in 2022–2024. Gene polymorphism was investigated for the following enzymes involved in the phase I of the drug metabolism: CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910; c.1075A&gt;C; I359L), CYP2C9*2 (rs1799853; c.430 C&gt;T; R144C), CYP2C19*2 (rs4244285; c.681G&gt;A), CYP2C19*3 (rs4244285; c.681G&gt;A), (rs4986893; c.636G&gt;A; W212X), CYP2D6*4 (rs3892097; 1846G&gt;A), CYP3A4*3 (rs4986910; M445T; c.1334 T&gt;C), and CYP3A4*1B (rs2740574; c.-392C&gt;T). The study was performed by PCR followed by RFLP analysis (restriction fragment length polymorphism) or AFLP analysis (amplified fragment length polymorphism).</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. Patients with the GG genotype of the CYP2D6*4 polymorphic variant of the CYP2D6 gene showed better weight gain after one year of therapy with CFTR modulators (p = 0.048). Patients with the AC genotype of the CYP2C9*3 polymorphic variant of the CYP2C9 gene demonstrated higher weight, height, and BMI before and one year after the therapy (p &lt; 0.05), as well as better height gain over time (p = 0.010) compared to the carriers of the AA genotype, which indicates a higher efficacy of the targeted therapy in the AC genotype carriers. Patients with the GG genotype of the CYP2D6*4 polymorphic variant of the CYP2D6 gene and the AA genotype of the CYP2C19*2 polymorphic variant of the CYP2C19 gene more often had side effects and elevated serum liver transaminases. Patients with cirrhosis were more likely to have elevated transaminases and adverse events during the targeted therapy compared to the patients without any liver disease. Patients with a history of meconium ileus had lower FVC values after one year of therapy, higher ALT before/after therapy, and higher AST after therapy, and also showed better annual height gain during CFTR modulator therapy (p &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. Determination of the genotype of polymorphisms CYP2C9*3 of the CYP2C9 gene, CYP2C19*2 of the CYP2C19 gene, and CYP2D6*4 of the CYP2D6 gene may be important for predicting the efficacy and safety (toxic effects on the liver) of targeted therapy for cystic fibrosis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>муковисцидоз</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>система цитохрома</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>осложнения муковисцидоза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cystic fibrosis</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>cytochrome system</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>complications of cystic fibrosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках научно-исследовательской работы «Разработка медицинской технологии прогнозирования и оценки эффективности и безопасности терапии CFTR-модуляторами муковисцидоза» (номер госрегистрации 123052200007-4)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out as part of the research work “Development of a medical technology for predicting and assessing the effectiveness and safety of therapy with CFTR modulators for cystic fibrosis” (state registration number 123052200007-4)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Boeck K. 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