pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2024-4271pulmo-4664Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWРеспираторная саркопения: патогенетические аспекты, подходы к диагностикеRespiratory sarcopenia: aspects of pathogenesis, approaches to diagnosishttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8737-4264СергееваВ. А.SergeevaV. A.

Сергеева Виктория Алексеевна – к. м. н., доцент кафедры терапии с курсами кардиологии, функциональной диагностики и гериатрии.

410012, Саратов, ул. Большая Казачья, 112; тел.: (8452) 51-15-34

Victoria A. Sergeeva - Candidate of Medicine, Assistant Professor, Department of Therapy with Courses of Cardiology, Functional Diagnostics and Geriatrics.

Ul. Bol’shaya Kazach’ya 112, Saratov, 410012; tel.: (8452) 51-15-34

viktoriasergeeva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-0454РунихинаН. К.RunikhinaN. K.

Рунихина Надежда Константиновна – д. м. н., профессор кафедры болезней старения факультета дополнительного профессионального образования, заместитель директора по гериатрической работе Российского геронтологического научно-клинического центра.

129226, Москва, ул. 1-я Леонова, 16; тел.: (499) 187-51-88

Nadezhda K. Runikhina - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of Aging Diseases, Faculty of Continuing Professional Education, Deputy Director for Geriatric Work, Separate structural division “Russian Gerontological Scientific and Clinical Center”.

Ul. 1st Leonova, buid. 16, Moscow, 129226; tel(499) 187-51-88

nkrunihina@rgnkc.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. Разумовского» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky”, Healthcare Ministry of the Russian FederationRussian FederationОбособленное структурное подразделение «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр» Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияSeparate structural division “Russian Gerontological Scientific and Clinical Center”, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202412122024346869878Copyright © Сергеева В.А., Рунихина Н.К., 20242024Сергеева В.А., Рунихина Н.К.Sergeeva V.A., Runikhina N.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4664

Тяжелое течение инфекционных и воспалительных заболеваний дыхательной системы, высокие показатели заболеваемости и смертности среди лиц пожилого и старческого возраста могут быть связаны с респираторной саркопенией (РС) – новой нозологической формой, описывающей возрастные изменения силы и структуры дыхательных мышц.

Целью обзора явилась актуализация данных научных источников открытого доступа о патогенетических механизмах и возможных инструментальных подходах в диагностике РС. Для этого проанализированы зарубежные и отечественные научные публикации по данной тематике с 2019 г. по настоящее время. Проведена оценка звеньев патогенеза РС в свете ее взаимосвязей с саркопенией всего тела, возрастными механизмами старения дыхательной системы в целом, факторами риска и аспектами образа жизни пожилых людей. Подробно рассмотрен предложенный к настоящему времени диагностический алгоритм РС.

Заключение. Возрастные изменения мышечной ткани затрагивают также дыхательную мускулатуру, при этом саркопения всего тела может сопровождаться РС. Однако требуются дополнительное накопление данных и дальнейшее обсуждение предложенной терминологии и алгоритма диагностики данной патологии.

The severe course of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system, high rates of morbidity and mortality among the elderly and senile aged people may be associated with respiratory sarcopenia, a new nosological form that describes age-related changes in the strength and structure of the respiratory muscles.

The aim of the review is to update the data of open access scientific sources on aspects of pathogenesis and diagnostic approaches to respiratory sarcopenia. Foreign and domestic scientific publications on this topic were analyzed from 2019 to the present. The mechanisms of respiratory sarcopenia pahogenesis were assessed in the light of its relationship with whole body sarcopenia, age-related mechanisms of aging of the respiratory system as a whole, risk factors and lifestyle aspects of the elderly. The currently proposed diagnostic algorithm for respiratory sarcopenia is considered in detail.

Conclusion. Age-related changes in muscle tissue also affect the respiratory muscles. Whole-body sarcopenia, according to some authors, may be accompanied by respiratory sarcopenia. The proposed terminology and algorithm for diagnosing this pathology require additional data accumulation and further discussion.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.