<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2024-4593</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4593</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Параметры импульсной осциллометрии и диффузионная способность легких у больных туберкулезом легких: есть ли взаимосвязь?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Impulse oscillometry parameters and diffusing capacity of the lung in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: is there an inter-relationship?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6550-817X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирюхина</surname><given-names>Л. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiryukhina</surname><given-names>L. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирюхина Лариса Дмитриевна – к. м. н., заведующая отделением функциональной и ультразвуковой диагностики, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории патофизиологии дыхания; руководитель научно-исследовательской лаборатории функциональных исследований</p><p>Author ID: 342739; </p><p>115682,  Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28 191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский проспект, 2–4 </p><p>тел.: (495) 410-39-00</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa D. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Medicine, Head of the Department of Functional and Ultrasound Diagnostics, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Respiration; Head of the Research Laboratory of Functional Research</p><p>Author ID: 342739;</p><p>Orekhovyy bul’var 28, Moscow, 115682; Ligovsky pr. 2 – 4, Saint-Petersburg, 191036;</p><p>tel.: (495) 410-39-00</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kiryuhina_larisa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0588-5288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокорина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokorina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кокорина Елена Васильевна – врач отделения функциональной диагностики</p><p>191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский проспект, 2–4 </p><p>тел. (812) 775-75-50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Kokorina, Physician, Functional Diagnostics Department </p><p>Ligovsky pr. 2 – 4, Saint-Petersburg, 191036;</p><p>tel. (812) 775-75-50</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alae.majoris@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-9643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яблонский</surname><given-names>П. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yablonskiy</surname><given-names>P. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яблонский Петр Казимирович – д. м. н., профессор, директор; проректор по медицинской деятельности</p><p>191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский проспект, 2–4; 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9; </p><p>тел.: (812) 775-75-50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr K. Yablonskiy, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head; Vice-Rector for Medicine</p><p>Ligovsky pr. 2 – 4, Saint-Petersburg, 191036; Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034;</p><p>tel.: (812) 775-75-50</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">piotr_yablonskii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России» ; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute” under Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russian Federation; Russian Federation Healthcare Ministry Saint-Petersburg State Phthisiopulmonology Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Federation Healthcare Ministry Saint-Petersburg State Phthisiopulmonology Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации ; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет» Правительства Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Federation Healthcare Ministry Saint-Petersburg State Phthisiopulmonology Research Institute; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “St. Petersburg State University”, Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кирюхина Л.Д., Кокорина Е.В., Яблонский П.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кирюхина Л.Д., Кокорина Е.В., Яблонский П.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kiryukhina L.D., Kokorina E.V., Yablonskiy P.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4593">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4593</self-uri><abstract><p>Оценка легочного газообмена чрезвычайно важна у пациентов с заболеваниями органов дыхания, однако исследование диффузионной способности легких (ДСЛ) недоступно у ряда пациентов вследствие их физического состояния или когнитивных ограничений. При использовании импульсной осциллометрической системы (ИОС) участие пациента минимально, метод позволяет быстро и просто для пациента получить воспроизводимые измерения. Целью исследования являлось определение взаимосвязи изменений параметров импульсной осциллометрии и ДСЛ у больных туберкулезом легких (ТЛ). Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное обсервационное исследование у взрослых пациентов с верифицированным диагнозом ТЛ, у которых выполнялись спирометрия, бодиплетизмография, исследование ДСЛ по монооксиду углерода (DLСО), импульсная осциллометрия. В исследование не включались пациенты со стажем курения &gt; 10 пачко-лет, неспецифическими заболеваниями органов дыхания, операциями на органах грудной клетки и внелегочными причинами ограничения подвижности грудной клетки. Использовались тест Крускала–Уоллиса, критерий χ2, ранговая корреляция Спирмена, ROC-анализ. Результаты. Выявлена умеренная взаимосвязь между DLСО и показателями ИОС: с частотной зависимостью резистанса (Rrs5–20), резонансной частотой (Fres), отклонением реактивного сопротивления на частоте 5 Гц от должной (∆Xrs5) и реактивным сопротивлением на частоте 5 Гц (Xrs5) (–0,32; –0,33; –0,34 и 0,32 соответственно; p &lt; 0,05). Показана заметная взаимосвязь площади реактанса (AX) с DLСО и альвеолярным объемом (VA) (–0,51; –0,57 соответственно; p &lt; 0,05) и умеренная взаимосвязь с индексом неравномерности вентиляции – плохо сообщающейся фракцией легких (Poorly Communication Fraction – PCF) 0,31 (p &lt; 0,05). По результатам ROC-анализа показано, что при снижении DLСО &lt; 75 %долж. пороговое значение АХ = 0,30 кПа / л (AUC = 0,746), а при снижении DLCO &lt; 50 % пороговое значение АХ = 0,41 кПа / л (AUC = 0,840). Заключение. Установлено, что ДСЛ у больных ТЛ коррелирует с изменением общего дыхательного сопротивления и его компонентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Assessment of pulmonary gas exchange is essential in patients with respiratory diseases. However, the diffusing capacity of the lung cannot be assessed in some patients due to their physical condition or cognitive limitations. Impulse oscillometry requires minimum patient cooperation, is easy for patients, and allows for quick, reproducible measurements. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between impulse oscillometry parameters and diffusing capacity of the lung in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods. This was a retrospective observational study in adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. We evaluated their spirometry, body plethysmography, Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity (DLCO), and impulse oscillometry measurements. The study did not include patients with smoking experience of more than 10 pack-years, nonspecific respiratory diseases, chest surgery, and extrapulmonary causes of chest mobility restriction. The Kruskal – Wallis criterion, the χ2 criterion, Spearman rank correlation, and ROC analysis were used. Results. A moderate relationship was revealed between DLCO and IOS parameters: with frequency dependence of resistance (Rrs5–20), resonant frequency (Fres), deviation of reactance at 5 Hz from the predicted value (∆Xrs5), and reactance at 5 Hz (Xrs5) (–0.32; –0.33; –0.34; 0.32, respectively, p &lt; 0.05). The reactance area (AX) showed a considerable relationship with DLCO and alveolar volume (VA) (–0.51; –0.57, respectively, p &lt; 0.05) and a moderate relationship with the poorly Poorly Communication Fraction (PCF) 0,31 (p &lt; 0,05). The ROC analysis showed that if DLCO was less than 75%, the cut-off level of AX was 0.30 kPa/l (AUC = 0,746), and if DLCO was less than 50%, the cut-off level of AX was 0.41 kPa/l (AUC = 0,840). Conclusion. The diffusing capacity of the lung in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis correlates with the changes in total respiratory resistance and its components.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>импульсная осциллометрия</kwd><kwd>диффузионная способность легких</kwd><kwd>легочные функциональные тесты</kwd><kwd>легочный газообмен</kwd><kwd>туберкулез легких</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>impulse oscillometry</kwd><kwd>diffusing capacity of the lung</kwd><kwd>pulmonary function test</kwd><kwd>pulmonary gas exchange</kwd><kwd>pulmonary tuberculosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith H., Reinhold P., Goldman M. Forced oscillation technique and impulse oscillometry. Eur. Respir. Monogr. 2005; 31 (31): 72–105. DOI: 10.1183/1025448x.00031005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith H., Reinhold P., Goldman M. Forced oscillation technique and impulse oscillometry. Eur. Respir. Monogr. 2005; 31 (31): 72–105. DOI: 10.1183/1025448x.00031005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирюхина Л.Д., Черняк А.В. Осциллометрия: клиническая значимость и применение. Пульмонология. 2023; 33 (6): 798–808. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2023-33-6-798-808.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiryukhina L.D., Chernyak A.V. [Oscillometry: clinical significance and applications]. Pul’monologiya. 2023; 33 (6): 798–808. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2023-33-6-798-808 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bednarek M., Grabicki M., Piorunek T., Batura-Gabryel H. [Current place of impulse oscillometry in the assessment of pulmonary diseases]. Respir. Med. 2020; 170: 105952. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105952.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bednarek M., Grabicki M., Piorunek T., Batura-Gabryel H. [Current place of impulse oscillometry in the assessment of pulmonary diseases]. Respir. Med. 2020; 170: 105952. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105952.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brashier B., Salvi S. Measuring lung function using sound waves: role of the forced oscillation technique and impulse oscillometry system. Breathe (Sheff.). 2015; 11 (1): 57–65. DOI: 10.1183/20734735.020514.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brashier B., Salvi S. Measuring lung function using sound waves: role of the forced oscillation technique and impulse oscillometry system. Breathe (Sheff.). 2015; 11 (1): 57–65. DOI: 10.1183/20734735.020514.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamagami H., Tanaka A., Kishino Y. et al. Association between respiratory impedance measured by forced oscillation technique and exacerbations in patients with COPD. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2017; 13: 79–89. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S146669.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamagami H., Tanaka A., Kishino Y. et al. Association between respiratory impedance measured by forced oscillation technique and exacerbations in patients with COPD. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2017; 13: 79–89. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S146669.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савушкина О.И., Черняк А.В., Каменева М.Ю. и др. Возможности импульсной осциллометрии в диагностике обструкции дыхательных путей легкой степени выраженности. Пульмонология. 2018; 28 (4): 391–398. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2018-28-4-391-398.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savushkina O.I., Chernyak A.V., Kameneva M.Yu. et al. [A role of impulse oscillometry for diagnosis of mild bronchial obstruction]. Pul’monologiya. 2018; 28 (4): 391–398. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2018-28-4-391-398 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савушкина О.И., Крюков Е.В., Черняк А.В. и др. Применение импульсной осциллометрии у больных бронхиальной астмой. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2019; (73): 34–41. DOI: 10.36604/1998-5029-2019-73-34-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savushkina O.I., Kryukov E.V., Cherniak A.V. et al. [The use of impulse oscillometry in patients with asthma]. Byulleten’ fiziologii i patologii dykhaniya. 2019; (73): 34–41. DOI: 10.36604/1998-5029-2019-73-34-41 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савушкина О.И., Черняк А.В., Крюков Е.В. и др. Диагностика обструктивных нарушений механики дыхания тяжелой степени выраженности методом импульсной осциллометрии. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2019; (72): 39–46. DOI: 10.12737/article_5d09e408a83da5.52226087.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savushkina O.I., Cherniak A.V., Kryukovet E.V. et al. [The diagnosis of severe obstructive respiratory mechanics defects by impulse oscillometry system]. Byulleten’ fiziologii i patologii dykhaniya. 2019; (72): 39–46. DOI: 10.12737/article_5d09e408a83da5.52226087 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леонтьева Н.М., Демко И.В., Собко Е.А. и др. Метод импульсной осциллометрии в диагностике ранних изменений функционального состояния респираторной системы у больных бронхиальной астмой легкого течения. Архивъ внутренней медицины. 2019; 9 (3): 213–221. DOI: 10.20514/2226-6704-2019-9-3-213-221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leontieva N.M., Demko I.V., Sobko E.A. et al. [Impulse oscillometry for diagnosis of early changes in the respiratory system functional state in patients with mild asthma]. Arkhiv” vnutrenney meditsiny. 2019; 9 (3): 213–221. DOI: 10.20514/2226-6704-2019-9-3-213-221 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei X., Shi Z., Cui Y et al. Impulse oscillometry system as an alternative diagnostic method for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96 (46): e8543. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008543.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei X., Shi Z., Cui Y et al. Impulse oscillometry system as an alternative diagnostic method for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96 (46): e8543. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008543.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee H.J., Kim H.S., Yoon J.S. Impulse oscillometry system for assessing small airway dysfunction in pediatric bronchiolitis obliterans; association with conventional pulmonary function tests. PloS One. 2023; 18 (2): e0280309. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280309.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee H.J., Kim H.S., Yoon J.S. Impulse oscillometry system for assessing small airway dysfunction in pediatric bronchiolitis obliterans; association with conventional pulmonary function tests. PloS One. 2023; 18 (2): e0280309. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280309.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирюхина Л.Д., Каменева М.Ю., Новикова Л.Н. Возможности импульсной осциллометрии в диагностике рестриктивного варианта вентиляционных нарушений. Международный научноисследовательский журнал. 2017; 59 (5): 136–141. DOI: 10.23670/IRJ.2017.59.032.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiryukhina L.D., Kameneva M.Yu., Novikova L.N. [Possibilities of pulsed oscillometry in diagnostics of a restrictive version of ventilation disorders]. Mezhdunarodnyy nauchno-issledovatel’skiy zhurnal. 2017; 59 (5): 136–141. DOI: 10.23670/IRJ.2017.59.032 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савушкина О.И., Черняк А.В., Каменева М.Ю. и др. Информативность импульсной осциллометрии в выявлении вентиляционных нарушений рестриктивного типа. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2018; (67): 8–16. DOI: 10.12737/article_5a9f258fe6d932.79474351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savushkina O.I., Cherniak A.V., Kameneva M.Yu et al. [Informativeness of impulse oscillometry in the detection of restrictive type ventilation disorders]. Byulleten’ fiziologii i patologii dykhaniya. 2018; (67): 8–16. DOI: 10.12737/article_5a9f258fe6d932.79474351 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takeichi N., Yamazaki H., Fujimoto K. Comparison of impedance measured by the forced oscillation technique and pulmonary functions, including static lung compliance, in obstructive and interstitial lung disease. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2019; 14: 1109–1118. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S198030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takeichi N., Yamazaki H., Fujimoto K. Comparison of impedance measured by the forced oscillation technique and pulmonary functions, including static lung compliance, in obstructive and interstitial lung disease. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2019; 14: 1109–1118. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S198030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mori Y., Nishikiori H., Chiba H. et al. Respiratory reactance in forced oscillation technique reflects disease stage and predicts lung physiology deterioration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2020; 275: 103386. DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103386.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mori Y., Nishikiori H., Chiba H. et al. Respiratory reactance in forced oscillation technique reflects disease stage and predicts lung physiology deterioration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2020; 275: 103386. DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103386.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamamoto Y., Hirata H., Shiroyama T. et al. Respiratory impedance is associated with ventilation and diffusing capacity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis combined with emphysema. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2022; 1 (17): 1495–1506. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S368162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamamoto Y., Hirata H., Shiroyama T. et al. Respiratory impedance is associated with ventilation and diffusing capacity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis combined with emphysema. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2022; 1 (17): 1495–1506. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S368162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duman D., Taştı Ö.F., Merve Tepetam F. Assessment of small airway dysfunction by impulse oscillometry (IOS) in COPD and IPF patients. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2023; 27 (7): 3033–3044. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202304_31937.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duman D., Taştı Ö.F., Merve Tepetam F. Assessment of small airway dysfunction by impulse oscillometry (IOS) in COPD and IPF patients. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2023; 27 (7): 3033–3044. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202304_31937.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matesanz-López C., Raboso-Moreno B., Saldaña-Pérez L.E. et al. Is lung function measured by oscillometry useful in interstitial lung diseases? Open Respir. Arch. 2023; 6 (1): 100278. DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2023.100278.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matesanz-López C., Raboso-Moreno B., Saldaña-Pérez L.E. et al. Is lung function measured by oscillometry useful in interstitial lung diseases? Open Respir. Arch. 2023; 6 (1): 100278. DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2023.100278.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishikawa T., Nishikiori H., Mori Y. et al. The impact of respiratory reactance in oscillometry on survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm. Med. 2024; 24 (1): 10. DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02776-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishikawa T., Nishikiori H., Mori Y. et al. The impact of respiratory reactance in oscillometry on survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm. Med. 2024; 24 (1): 10. DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02776-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oostveen E., MacLeod D., Lorino H. et al. The forced oscillation technique in clinical practice: methodology, recommendations and future developments. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 22 (6): 1026–1041. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.03.00089403.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oostveen E., MacLeod D., Lorino H. et al. The forced oscillation technique in clinical practice: methodology, recommendations and future developments. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 22 (6): 1026–1041. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.03.00089403.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bickel S., Popler J., Lesnick B., Eid N. Impulse oscillometry: interpretation and practical applications. Chest. 2014; 146 (3): 841–847. DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-1875.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bickel S., Popler J., Lesnick B., Eid N. Impulse oscillometry: interpretation and practical applications. Chest. 2014; 146 (3): 841–847. DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-1875.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чушкин М.И., Попова Л.А., Шергина Е.А. и др. Вентиляционная функция легких и качество жизни пациентов после перенесенного туберкулеза легких. Медицинский альянс. 2021; 9 (4): 37–44. DOI: 10.36422/23076348-2021-9-4-37-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chushkin M., Popova L., Shergina E. et al. [Ventilation function of lung and quality of life after cured pulmonary tuberculosis]. Medicinskiy al’yans. 2021; 9 (4): 37–44. DOI: 10.36422/23076348-2021-9-4-37-44 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Володич О.С., Кирюхина Л.Д., Денисова Н.В. и др. Осцилляторная механика аппарата вентиляции в раннем послеоперационном периоде у пациентов, оперированных по поводу туберкулеза легких. Медицинский альянс. 2019; 7 (4): 30–38. Доступно на: https://med-alyans.spbniif.ru/index.php/Hahn/article/view/619</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volodich О., Kiryukhina L., Denisova N. et al. [The impulse oscillometry technique in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in pre- and post-operative surgical treatment]. Medicinskiy al’yans. 2019; 7 (4): 30–38. Available at: https://med-alyans.spbniif.ru/index.php/Hahn/article/view/619 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирюхина Л.Д., Володич О.С., Денисова Н.В. и др. Импульсная осциллометрия в диагностике обструктивных вентиляционных нарушений у больных туберкулезом легких. Туберкулез и болезни легких. 2019; 97 (11): 34–40. DOI: 10.21292/2075-1230-2019-97-11-34-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiryukhina L.D., Volodich O.S., Denisova N.V. et al. [Impulse oscillometry in the diagnosis of obstructive ventilation disorders in pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. Tuberkulez i bolezni legkikh. 2019; 97 (11): 34–40. DOI: 10.21292/2075-1230-2019-97-11-34-40 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жукова Е.М., Вохминова Л.Г. Метод форсированных осцилляций в диагностике обструктивных вентиляционных нарушений у больных туберкулезом легких. Туберкулез и болезни легких. 2021; 99 (11): 43–46. DOI: 10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-11-43-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukova E.M., Vokhminova L.G. [The forced oscillation test in the diagnosis of obstructive ventilation disorders in pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. Tuberkulez i bolezni legkikh. 2021; 99 (11): 43–46. DOI: 10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-11-43-46 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graham B.L., Brusasco V., Burgos F. et al. 2017 ERS/ATS standards for single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. Eur. Respir. J. 2017; 49 (1): 1600016. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00016-2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graham B.L., Brusasco V., Burgos F. et al. 2017 ERS/ATS standards for single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. Eur. Respir. J. 2017; 49 (1): 1600016. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00016-2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graham B.L., Steenbruggen I., Miller M. R. et al. Standardization of spirometry 2019 update an official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Technical Statement. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2019; 200 (8): e70–88. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201908-1590ST.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graham B.L., Steenbruggen I., Miller M. R. et al. Standardization of spirometry 2019 update an official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Technical Statement. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2019; 200 (8): e70–88. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201908-1590ST.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wanger J., Clausen J.L., Coates A. et al. Standardisation of the measurement of lung volumes. Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 26 (3): 511–522. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.05.00035005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wanger J., Clausen J.L., Coates A. et al. Standardisation of the measurement of lung volumes. Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 26 (3): 511–522. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.05.00035005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Берестень Н.Ф., Сандрикова В.А., Федоровой С.И. Национальное руководство. Функциональная диагностика. М.: ГЭОТАРМедиа; 2019: 566–645.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beresten N.F., Sandrikov V.A., Fedorova S.I. [Functional diagnostics: National recommendations]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2019: 566–645 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neder J.A., O’Donnell C.D., Cory J. et al. Ventilation distribution heterogeneity at rest as a marker of exercise impairment in mild-to-advanced COPD. COPD. 2015; 12 (3): 249–256. DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2014.948997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neder J.A., O’Donnell C.D., Cory J. et al. Ventilation distribution heterogeneity at rest as a marker of exercise impairment in mild-to-advanced COPD. COPD. 2015; 12 (3): 249–256. DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2014.948997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quanjer P.H., Tammeling G.J., Cotes J.E. et al. Report working party standardization of lung function tests, European Community for Steel and Coal: Official statement of the European Respiratory Society. Eur. Respir. J. 1993; 16: 5–40. DOI: 10.1183/09041950.005s1693.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quanjer P.H., Tammeling G.J., Cotes J.E. et al. Report working party standardization of lung function tests, European Community for Steel and Coal: Official statement of the European Respiratory Society. Eur. Respir. J. 1993; 16: 5–40. DOI: 10.1183/09041950.005s1693.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King G.G., Bates J., Berger K.I. et al. Technical standards for respiratory oscillometry. Eur. Respir. J. 2020; 55 (2): 1900753. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00753-2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King G.G., Bates J., Berger K.I. et al. Technical standards for respiratory oscillometry. Eur. Respir. J. 2020; 55 (2): 1900753. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00753-2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vogel J., Smidt U. Impulse oscillometry: Analysis of lung mechanics in general practice and the clinic, epidemiological and experimental research. Frankfurt am Main: pmi-Verl.-Gruppe; 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogel J., Smidt U. Impulse oscillometry: Analysis of lung mechanics in general practice and the clinic, epidemiological and experimental research. Frankfurt am Main: pmi-Verl.-Gruppe; 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neder J.A., Marillier M., Bernard A.C., et al. Transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide and the accessible alveolar volume: clinically useful if used wisely. Breathe (Sheff.). 2019; 15 (1): 69–76. DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0345-2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neder J.A., Marillier M., Bernard A.C., et al. Transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide and the accessible alveolar volume: clinically useful if used wisely. Breathe (Sheff.). 2019; 15 (1): 69–76. DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0345-2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
