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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2025-35-1-61-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4570</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Высокодозная ингаляционная терапия оксидом азота в лечении нозокомиальной пневмонии, развившейся после кардиохирургических операций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>High-dose inhaled nitric oxide therapy for nosocomial pneumonia following cardiac surgical procedures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-4490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашникова</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikova</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калашникова Татьяна Петровна – к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицины критических состояний, врач-клинический фармаколог</p><p>634012, Томск, ул. Киевская, 111А, тел.: (913) 814-16-64 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana P. Kalashnikova, Candidate of Medicine, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Pharmacologist</p><p>ul. Kievskaya 111a, Tomsk, 634012,  tel.: (913) 814-16-64 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kalashnikova-t@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4289-4439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каменщиков</surname><given-names>Н. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamenshchikov</surname><given-names>N. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каменщиков Николай Олегович – к. м. н., заведующий лабораторией медицины критических состояний, врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p><p>634012, Томск, ул. Киевская, 111А, тел.: (913) 818-36-57 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay O. Kamenshchikov, Candidate of Medicine, Head of the Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Anesthesiologist-Resuscitator</p><p>ul. Kievskaya 111a, Tomsk, 634012, tel.: (913) 818-36-57  </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikolajkamenof@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-2340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подоксенов</surname><given-names>Ю. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podoksenov</surname><given-names>Yu. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Подоксенов Юрий Кириллович – д. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник отделения сердечно-сосудистой хирургии, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории медицины критических состояний</p><p>634012, Томск, ул. Киевская, 111А, тел.: (905) 990-46-34 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri K. Podoksenov, Doctor of Medicine, Leading Researcher, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine</p><p>ul. Kievskaya 111a, Tomsk, 634012 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uk@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5143-4296</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арсеньева</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arseneva</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арсеньева Юлия Анатольевна – младший научный сотрудник отделения сердечно-сосудистой хирургии, врач-кардиолог кардиохирургического отделения № 1</p><p>634012, Томск, ул. Киевская, 111А, тел.: (913) 871-67-48 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Arsenyeva, Junior Researcher, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiologist, Cardiac Surgery Department No.1</p><p>ul. Kievskaya 111a, Tomsk, 634012, tel.: (913) 871-67-48 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arseneva@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-6136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тё</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyo</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тё Марк Артурович – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицины критических состояний, врач-анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p><p>634012, Томск, ул. Киевская, 111А, тел.: (996) 937-66-90 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mark A. Tyo, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Anesthesiologist-Resuscitator</p><p>ul. Kievskaya 111a, Tomsk, 634012 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tma@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3562-9979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурилина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Churilina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чурилина Елена Александровна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицины критических состояний, врач-анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p><p>634012, Томск, ул. Киевская, 111А, тел.: (953) 919-97-90 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Churilina, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Anesthesiologist-Resuscitator</p><p>ul. Kievskaya 111a, Tomsk, 634012, tel.: (953) 919-97-90 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lena.semenova.96@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2258-3564</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свирко</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svirko</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свирко Юлия Станиславовна – д. м. н., врач клинической лабораторной диагностики отделения анестезиологии-реанимации</p><p>634012, Томск, ул. Киевская, 111А, тел.: (913) 824-63-67 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. Svirko, Doctor of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Doctor, Anesthesiology And Resuscitation Department</p><p>ul. Kievskaya 111a, Tomsk, 634012 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">julia@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-2150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Сергей Николаевич – д. м. н., профессор, академик Российской академии наук, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В.Склифосовского; главный внештатный специалист-пульмонолог Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; директор Национального медицинского исследовательского центра по профилю «Пульмонология»</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2, тел.: (499) 246-75-18 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Avdeev, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Pulmonology, N.V.Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine; Chief Freelance Pulmonologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Director of the National Medical Research Center for Pulmonology</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991, tel.: (499) 246-75-18 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_avdeev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-7737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Б. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>B. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлов Борис Николаевич – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий отделением сердечно-сосудистой хирургии, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории медицины критических состояний</p><p>634012, Томск, ул. Киевская, 111А, тел.: (3822) 55-54-20 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris N. Kozlov, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine</p><p>ul. Kievskaya 111a, Tomsk, 634012, tel.: (3822)-55-54-20 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bnkozlov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6009-0253</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бощенко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boshchenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бощенко Алла Александровна – д. м. н., заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>634012, Томск, ул. Киевская, 111А, тел.: (3822) 55-34-45 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla A. Boshchenko, Doctor of Medicine, Deputy Director for Research</p><p>ul. Kievskaya 111a, Tomsk, 634012 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bosh@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт кардиологии – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калашникова Т.П., Каменщиков Н.О., Подоксенов Ю.К., Арсеньева Ю.А., Тё М.А., Чурилина Е.А., Свирко Ю.С., Авдеев С.Н., Козлов Б.Н., Бощенко А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калашникова Т.П., Каменщиков Н.О., Подоксенов Ю.К., Арсеньева Ю.А., Тё М.А., Чурилина Е.А., Свирко Ю.С., Авдеев С.Н., Козлов Б.Н., Бощенко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalashnikova T.P., Kamenshchikov N.O., Podoksenov Y.K., Arseneva Y.A., Tyo M.A., Churilina E.A., Svirko Y.S., Avdeev S.N., Kozlov B.N., Boshchenko A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4570">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4570</self-uri><abstract><p>Нозокомиальная пневмония (НП) является наиболее частым инфекционным осложнением после кардиохирургических операций. Целью исследования явилась оценка эффективности и безопасности многократных ингаляций оксидом азота (NO) в концентрации 200 ppm для лечения НП, развившейся после кардиохирургических операций. Материалы и методы. В пилотное одноцентровое проспективное рандомизированное исследование включены спонтанно дышащие пациенты с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, оперированные в условиях искусственного кровообращения, с осложненным послеоперационным периодом в виде НП. Пациенты (n = 40) были распределены на 2 группы: больные контрольной группы (n = 20) получали стандартную антибактериальную терапию (АБТ), лица основной группы (n = 20) дополнительно получали ингаляции оксида азота (iNO) 200 ppm по 30 мин 3 раза в день до прекращения АБТ, но не более 7 дней. Оценивались продолжительность АБТ, динамика температуры тела, артериального давления, частоты дыхательных движений, частоты сердечных сокращений, индекса сатурации, который рассчитывался как соотношение показателей насыщения кислородом периферических капилляров по данным пульсоксиметрии (SpO2) и инспираторной фракции кислорода (FiO2), а также соотношение показателей парциального давления кислорода в артериальной крови (РO2) и FiО2, уровня лейкоцитов крови, С-реактивного белка, прокальцитонина, пресепсина, ферритина, количества баллов по опроснику качества жизни EQ-5D-5L. Сравнивалась частота смены схем АБТ из-за неэффективности и продолжительность госпитализации. Результаты. Терапия iNO хорошо переносилась, не оказывала значимого влияния на системную гемодинамику, не сопровождалась клинически значимым повышением уровня метгемоглобина и NO2. Продолжительность терапии составила 6,2 ± 0,8 дня. В группе iNO зафиксированы сокращение сроков АБТ (p &lt; 0,001), меньшая продолжительность лихорадки (p = 0,008) и частоты смены схем АБТ из-за неэффективности (p &lt; 0,001). Под влиянием iNO отмечены более высокие показатели индекса сатурации SpO2 / FiO2 на 3-и сутки (p = 0,034) и к моменту окончания АБТ (p = 0,009), а также индекса оксигенации РO2 / FiО2 – на 3-и (p = 0,002), 5-е сутки (p &lt; 0,001) терапии и в день окончания АБТ (p = 0,004). В группе iNO также выявлено снижение уровня лейкоцитов, прокальцитонина и нейтрофильно-лимфоцитарного отношения на 3-и сутки лечения и меньшие значения уровня нейтрофилов в крови к моменту окончания АБТ по сравнению с группой контроля. Заключение. Терапия iNO в концентрации 200 ppm 3 раза в сутки у пациентов с НП, развившейся после кардиохирургических операций, является безопасной, приводит к сокращению сроков лечения антибактериальными препаратами, снижению частоты смены схем АБТ, улучшению оксигенации, более быстрой реверсии лабораторных маркеров воспаления. Полученные данные могут служить предпосылкой применения iNO для лечения НП у кардиохирургических больных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nosocomial pneumonia is the most common infectious complication following cardiac surgical procedures. The aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of repeated inhalation sessions of 200 ppm nitric oxide for nosocomial pneumonia following cardiac surgical procedures. Methods. The pilot single-center prospective randomized study included spontaneously breathing patients with cardiovascular diseases, operated on under artificial circulation, with a complicated postoperative period in the form of nosocomial pneumonia. These patients (n = 40) underwent surgical procedures under cardiopulmonary bypass and developed nosocomial pneumonia in the postoperative period. The control group (n = 20) received standard antibacterial therapy, the experimental group (n = 20) received additional inhalation of 200 ppm nitric oxide (iNO) for 30 minutes 3 times a day before the completion of antibacterial therapy, but no more than 7 days later. We assessed the duration of antibacterial therapy, the changes in temperature, blood pressure, respiratory rate and heart rate, the oxygenation index SpO2/FiO2 and PO2/FiO2, the level of leukocytes, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, presepsin, ferritin, and the quality of life questionnaire EQ-5D-5L score. The frequency of changes in antibacterial therapy regimens due to their ineffectiveness and the duration of hospitalization were compared. Results. iNO therapy was well tolerated, did not have a significant effect on systemic hemodynamics, and was not accompanied by a clinically significant increase in the level of methemoglobin and NO2. Its duration was 6.2 ± 0.8 days. In the iNO treatment group, there was a shorter time of antibacterial therapy (p &lt; 0.001), a shorter duration of fever (p = 0,008), and a shorter frequency of changing antibacterial treatment regimens due to their ineffectiveness (p &lt; 0,001). Under the influence of iNO, higher rates of oxygenation indices SpO2/FiO2 were noted on Day 3 (p = 0,034) and on the day of completion of antibacterial therapy (p = 0,009); higher PO2/FiO2 were observed on Day 3 (p = 0,002), Day 5 (p &lt; 0,001) of the therapy and the day of the completion of antibacterial therapy (p = 0,004). In the iNO treatment group, a decrease in the level of leukocytes, procalcitonin, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was detected on Day 3 of the treatment, as well as lower neutrophil levels in the blood on the day of the completion of antibacterial therapy in comparison with the control group. Conclusion. iNO at a dose of 200 ppm 3 times a day in patients with nosocomial pneumonia following cardiac surgical procedures is safe, leads to a reduction in the duration of antibacterial therapy, a decrease in the frequency of changes in antibacterial therapy regimens, the improvement of oxygenation, and faster changes in the laboratory markers of inflammation. The data obtained serve as a prerequisite for the use of iNO for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in cardiac surgical patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нозокомиальная пневмония</kwd><kwd>оксид азота</kwd><kwd>сроки антибактериальной терапии</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистая хирургия</kwd><kwd>индекс оксигенации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nosocomial pneumonia</kwd><kwd>nitric oxide</kwd><kwd>duration of antibacterial therapy</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular surgery</kwd><kwd>oxygenation index</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания № 122123000017-3 «Органопротекция оксидом азота в сердечно-сосудистой хирургии: технологическое обеспечение (аппаратные комплексы синтеза и устройства доставки), механизмы реализации защитного эффекта и влияние на клинические исходы».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of state assignment no. 122123000017-3 “Organ protection with nitric oxide in cardiovascular surgery: Technological support (synthesis and delivery devices), mechanisms of the protective effect, and the impact on clinical outcomes”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strobel R.J., Harrington S.D., Hill C. et al. 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