pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2024-34-3-401-408pulmo-4562Research ArticleМАТЕРИАЛЫ КОНГРЕССАCONGRESSОксид азота в онкологии: двуликий ЯнусNitric oxide in oncology: a two-faced Janushttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415КапринА. Д.KaprinA. D.

Каприн Андрей Дмитриевич – д. м. н., профессор, академик  Российской академии наук, генеральный директор; заведующий кафедрой урологии и оперативной нефрологии с курсом онкоурологии медицинского факультета

125284, Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3

117198, Россия, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6

тел.: (495) 945-19-35

Author ID: 6602709853

Andrei D. Kaprin, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, General Director; Head of the Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology with a course of Oncourology, Faculty of Medicine

pr. 2th Botkinskiy 3, Moscow, 125284

ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow, 117198

tel.: (495) 945-19-35

mnioi@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-1164ШегайП. В.ShegaiP. V.

Шегай Петр Викторович – к. м. н., заместитель генерального директора по науке

125284, Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3

тел.: (495) 150-11-22

Author ID: 16025544200

Petr V. Shegai, Candidate of Medicine, Deputy General Director for Science

pr. 2th Botkinskiy 3, Moscow, 125284

tel.: (495) 150-11-22

Author ID: 16025544200

mail@nmicr.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4131-9179АлександровО. А.AleksandrovO. A.

Александров Олег Александрович – к. м. н., врач-онколог торакального хирургического отделения; заведующий хирургическим торакальным (онкологическим) отделением

125284, Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3

127473, Москва, ул. Достоевского, 4, корп. 2

тел.: (495) 681-11-66

Oleg A. Aleksandrov, Candidate of Medicine, Oncologist, Thoracic Surgical Department; Head of the Surgical Thoracic (Oncology) Department

pr. 2th Botkinskiy 3, Moscow, 125284

ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow, 117198

 

alexandrov.oleg.al@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6871-6804ПикинО. В.PikinO. V.

Пикин Олег Валентинович – д. м. н., заведующий отделением торакальной хирургии

125284, Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3

тел.: (495) 150-11-22

Oleg V. Pikin, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Thoracic Surgery

pr. 2th Botkinskiy 3, Moscow, 125284

tel.: (495) 150-11-22

Pikin_ov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1037-2364РябовА. Б.RyabovA. B.

Рябов Андрей Борисович – д. м. н., профессор, заместитель генерального директора по хирургии

125284, Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3

тел.: (495) 150-11-22

Andrei B. Ryabov, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Deputy General Director for Surgery; Head of the Department of Thoracoabdominal Oncology Surgery

pr. 2th Botkinskiy 3, Moscow, 125284

tel.: (495) 150-11-22

Ryabovdoc@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-3899ГарифуллинА. И.GarifullinA. I.

Гарифуллин Айрат Ильдарович – ординатор направления «Онкология»

125284, Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3

тел.: (937) 354-59-64

Airat I. Garifullin, Oncology Resident

pr. 2th Botkinskiy 3, Moscow, 125284

tel.: (937) 354-59-64

garifullin.airat@gmail.comМосковский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт имени П.A.Герцена – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Медицинский институт Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской ФедерацииРоссияP.Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Radiological Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Medical Institute, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian FederationRussian FederationМосковский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт имени П.A.Герцена – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияP.Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Radiological Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationМосковский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт имени П.A.Герцена – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияP.Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Radiological Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Medical Institute, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202423062024343401408Copyright © Каприн А.Д., Шегай П.В., Александров О.А., Пикин О.В., Рябов А.Б., Гарифуллин А.И., 20242024Каприн А.Д., Шегай П.В., Александров О.А., Пикин О.В., Рябов А.Б., Гарифуллин А.И.Kaprin A.D., Shegai P.V., Aleksandrov O.A., Pikin O.V., Ryabov A.B., Garifullin A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4562

Оксид азота (NO) играет важную роль в развитии опухолевых процессов, представляя потенциальную терапевтическую опцию и мишень для воздействия на опухолевые процессы.Целью данного обзора явилось исследование роли NO в развитии онкологических заболеваний, выявление ключевых сигнальных путей, в которых участвует NO, механизмов и способов доставки NO при терапии опухолей, а также его влияния как терапевтической мишени.Результаты. Изоформы синтаз NO (NOS) регулируют нервные, сосудистые функции и воспалительные процессы. Высокий уровень индуцированной NO-синтазы (iNOS) связан с развитием опухолей, а ее ингибиторы могут подавлять рост опухолей. Показано, что эффект NO на опухоли зависит от концентрации и длительности воздействия. При низких концентрациях происходит стимуляция роста и метастазирования опухолевых клеток, а при высоких оказывается противоопухолевое воздействие, повышается чувствительность к терапии. NO также оказывает влияние на ангиогенез, метастазирование и иммунный ответ. Применение NO в лечении опухолей вызывает сложности из-за его короткого периода полураспада и быстрой диффузии. При разработке различных методов доставки NO, таких как газообразный NO и наночастицы, следует ожидать улучшения эффективности и контроля над распределением. Для доставки NO, улучшения иммунного ответа и синергического воздействия с химиотерапией продемонстрирован потенциал наночастиц на основе кремния и золота. Ингибиторы iNOS оказывают подавляющий эффект на рост опухолей. Их комбинированное использование с другими препаратами, такими как химиотерапия, показывает обещающие результаты при контроле над ростом опухолей. Дальнейшие исследования и клинические испытания необходимы для определения оптимальных условий применения NO и ингибиторов iNOS в лечении рака. В целом изучение воздействия NO и iNOS на опухолевые процессы представляет важную область для разработки новых методов лечения и подчеркивает потенциал этих молекул как терапевтических агентов и мишеней для улучшения результатов в онкологии.Заключение. NO и различные изоформы NOS, в частности iNOS, играют ключевую роль в регуляции онкологических процессов. По результатам исследований подтверждена перспективность NO в онкологии как потенциального противоопухолевого средства. Использование ингибиторов iNOS перспективно при контроле над ростом опухолей, особенно при их совместном применении с другими химиотерапевтическими препаратами. Кроме того, разработка методов доставки NO представляет собой область активных исследований, благодаря которым может улучшиться эффективность распределения NO в организме и опухоли.

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a significant role in the development of tumor processes, offering potential therapeutic options and serving as a target for influencing tumor growth.The aim of this review was to study the role of nitric oxide in the development of cancer, identify key signaling pathways in which NO is involved, mechanisms and methods of nitric oxide delivery in tumor therapy, as well as its impact as a therapeutic target.Results. Different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) regulate nervous functions, vascular functions, and inflammatory processes. Elevated levels of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are associated with tumor development, and its inhibitors can suppress tumor growth. Research indicates that the effect of NO on tumors depends on the concentration and duration of exposure. Low concentrations stimulate the growth and metastases of tumor cells, whereas high concentrations exert an anti-tumor effect, enhancing therapy sensitivity. NO also impacts angiogenesis, metastases, and immune response. The application of NO in tumor treatment is challenging due to its short half-life and rapid diffusion. Developing various NO delivery methods, like gaseous NO and nanoparticles, holds promise for improving the effectiveness and control of distribution. Silicon and goldbased nanoparticles demonstrate potential for NO delivery, enhancing immune response and showing synergism with chemotherapy. Inhibitors of iNOS suppress tumor growth. Their combined usage with other agents, such as chemotherapy, displays promising results in tumor growth control. Further research and clinical trials are essential to determine optimal conditions for employing NO and iNOS inhibitors in cancer treatment. Overall, studying the influence of NO and iNOS on tumor processes represents a crucial area for developing novel treatment methods, underscoring the therapeutic potential of these molecules as agents and targets to enhance oncological outcomes.Conclusion. Nitric oxide and various isoforms of NOS, in particular induced NOS, play a vital role in the regulation of oncological processes. Research confirms the promise of nitric oxide in oncology as a potential antitumor agent. The use of iNOS inhibitors shows potential in controlling tumor growth, especially when combined with other drugs such as chemotherapy. In addition, the development of NO delivery methods is an area of active research that may improve the efficiency of NO distribution in the body and tumor.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.