<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2024-34-3-350-363</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4558</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛЫ КОНГРЕССА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONGRESS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние оксида азота, подаваемого в оксигенатор аппарата искусственного кровообращения, на функциональное и морфологическое состояние внутренних органов: экспериментальное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of nitric oxide supplied to the oxygenator of the cardiopulmonary bypass on the functions and morphology of internal organs: experimental animal study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5031-7637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баутин</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bautin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баутин Андрей Евгеньевич – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий научно-исследовательской лабораторией анестезиологии и реаниматологии</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p><p>тел.: (921) 753-91-10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey E. Bautin, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Research Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation</p><p>ul. Akkuratova 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p><p>tel.: (921) 753-91-10</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abautin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-0704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радовский</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radovskiy</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Радовский Алексей Максимович – к. м. н., врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии-реанимации с палатами реанимации и интенсивной терапии № 7, старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории анестезиологии и реаниматологии</p><p>197341, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p><p>тел.: (812) 702-37-49 (доб. 005-252)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey M. Radovskiy, Candidate of Medicine, Anesthesiologist-Resuscitator, Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation with Intensive Care Wards No.7, Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation</p><p>ul. Akkuratova 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p><p>tel.: (812) 702-37-49 (add. 005-252)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetLbii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маричев</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marichev</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маричев Александр Олегович – к. м. н., заведующий отделением анестезиологии-реанимации с палатами реанимации и интенсивной терапии № 7, доцент кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p><p>тел.: (812) 702-37-49 (доб. 005-249</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr O. Marichev, Candidate of Medicine, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care with Resuscitation and Intensive Care Wards No.7, Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology</p><p>ul. Akkuratova 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p><p>tel.: (812) 702-37-49 (add. 005-249)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marichevalexandr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6121-4932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осовских</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osovskikh</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осовских Виктор Васильевич – к. м. н., доцент кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p><p>тел.: (921) 945-30-27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor V. Osovskikh, Candidate of Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation</p><p>ul. Akkuratova 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p><p>tel.: (921) 945-30-27</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osoff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-0678</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>N. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенова Наталья Юрьевна – к. б. н., старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела патоморфологии Института экспериментальной медицины</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p><p>тел.: (904) 607-14-48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya Y. Semenova, Candidate of Biology, Senior Researcher, Research Department of Pathomorphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine</p><p>ul. Akkuratova 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p><p>tel.: (904) 607-14-48</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semenova@mlc-lab.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4867-1616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артюхина</surname><given-names>З. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artyukhina</surname><given-names>Z. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артюхина Зоя Евгеньевна – младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела патоморфологии Института экспериментальной медицины</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p><p>тел.: (812) 670-30-03</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zoya E. Artyukhina, Junior Researcher, Research Department of Pathomorphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine</p><p>ul. Akkuratova 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p><p>tel.: (812) 670-30-03</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zoya_artyukhina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8868-7094</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронин</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronin</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронин Степан Евгеньевич – ветеринарный врач Центра доклинических и трансляционных исследований</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p><p>тел.: (905) 223-56-96</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stepan E. Voronin, Veterinarian Surgeon, Center for Preclinical and Translational Research</p><p>ul. Akkuratova 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p><p>tel.: (905) 223-56-96</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stepan.voronin1988@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7155-1078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурашова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murashov</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мурашова Лада Александровна – младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории нейрогенеза и нейродегенеративных заболеваний</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p><p>тел.: (904) 613-47-49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lada A. Murashova, Junior Researcher, Research Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegenerative Diseases</p><p>ul. Akkuratova 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p><p>tel.: (904) 613-47-49</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">barbosachka85@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-701X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котин</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotin</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котин Николай Андреевич – врач сердечно-сосудистый хирург отделения сердечно-сосудистой хирургии для детей</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p><p>тел.: (921) 392-81-01</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay A. Kotin, Cardiovascular Surgeon, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery for Children</p><p>ul. Akkuratova 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p><p>tel.: (921) 392-81-01</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kotin_na@almazovcenter.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-1927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цинзерлинг</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinserling</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цинзерлинг Всеволод Александрович – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий научно-исследовательским отделом патоморфологии Института экспериментальной медицины</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p><p>тел.: (921) 320-34-42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vsevolod A. Zinserling, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Research Department of Pathomorphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine</p><p>ul. Akkuratova 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p><p>tel.: (921) 320-34-42</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zinserling@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А.Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “V.A.Almazov National Medical Research Center”, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр мирового уровня «Центр персонализированной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>350</fpage><lpage>363</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баутин А.Е., Радовский А.М., Маричев А.О., Осовских В.В., Семенова Н.Ю., Артюхина З.Е., Воронин С.Е., Мурашова Л.А., Котин Н.А., Цинзерлинг В.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баутин А.Е., Радовский А.М., Маричев А.О., Осовских В.В., Семенова Н.Ю., Артюхина З.Е., Воронин С.Е., Мурашова Л.А., Котин Н.А., Цинзерлинг В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bautin A.E., Radovskiy A.M., Marichev A.O., Osovskikh V.V., Semenova N.Y., Artyukhina Z.E., Voronin S.E., Murashov L.A., Kotin N.A., Zinserling V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4558">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4558</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования явилась оценка влияния оксида азота (NO), добавляемого в оксигенатор в период искусственного кровообращения (ИК), на печень и почки свиней.Материалы и методы. Эксперимент проводился на свиньях (n = 10), которым выполнялась операция на сердце с использованием ИК. Животным экспериментальной группы во время ИК в оксигенатор добавлялся NO в концентрации 100 ppm (группа «ИК-NO») (n = 5). Животные контрольной группы («ИК-контроль») (n = 5) NO не получали. Длительность опеации составила 4 ч, после чего следовало послеоперационное наблюдение в течение 12 ч. Для оценки повреждения печени и почек определялись уровни аланинаминотрансферазы (АЛТ), аспартатаминотрансферазы (АСТ), билирубина, креатинина и липокалина, связанного с нейтрофильной желатиназой (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin – NGAL), исходно, при отлучении от ИК и через 6 и 12 ч после отлучения от ИК. Также проводилось патоморфологическое исследование печени и почек.Результаты. При проведении эксперимента намеренно использовался длительный период ИК, после которого у свиней обнаружено повреждение печени. У животных группы «ИК-контроль» выявлено повышение концентрации АЛТ – с 43 (34; 44) ед. / л исходно до 82 (53; 99) ед. / л – через 12 ч после ИК (р &lt; 0,05). Концентрация АСТ в группе «ИК-контроль» увеличилась с 25 (17; 26) ед. / л исходно до 269 (164; 376) ед. / л – через 12 ч после ИК (р &lt; 0,05). Статистически значимого повышения концентрации АЛТ и АСТ в группе «ИК-NO» не отмечено. Значимых различий в концентрациях АЛТ и АСТ между группами «ИК-NO» и «ИК-контроль» не обнаружено. У свиней группы «ИК-контроль» выявлено повышение уровня креатинина со 131 (129; 133) мкмоль / л исходно до 273 (241; 306) мкмоль / л – через 12 ч после ИК (р &lt; 0,05). Значительного повышения уровня креатинина в группе «ИК-NO» не установлено. Через 12 ч после отлучения от ИК концентрация креатинина в группе «ИК-NO» была значимо ниже, чем в группе «ИК-контроль» (183 (168; 196) мкмоль / л vs 273 (241; 306) мкмоль / л соответственно; р = 0,008). Значимых различий между исследуемыми группами по уровню NGAL не установлено. При патоморфологическом исследовании обнаружены характерные альтеративные изменения в тканях, нарушение кровообращения, воспалительная инфильтрация разной степени выраженности, что в комплексе является проявлением острого повреждающего действия ИК на ткани. В группе «ИК-NO» степень выраженности патологических изменений, измеряемая в баллах, была ниже, чем в контрольной группе, однако статистически значимых различий не отмечено.Заключение. В случае длительного ИК при добавлении в оксигенатор NO повреждения печени и почек были значимо меньшими, однако требуются дальнейшие исследования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To evaluate the effect of NO added to the oxygenator during CPB on the liver and kidneys in pigs.Methods. The experiment was conducted on 10 pigs undergoing cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Animals of the experimental group (CPB-NO; n = 5) received NO with the gas mixture supplied to the oxygenator at 100 ppm. Animals of the control group (CPB-control; n = 5) did not receive NO via the oxygenator. The surgery lasted 4 hours and was followed by 12-hour postoperative monitoring. To assess the liver and kidney injury, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were determined at baseline, at weaning from the CPB, 6 and 12 hours after weaning from the CPB. A pathomorphological study of the liver and kidneys was also performed.Results. A long period of CPB deliberately used in our experiment caused liver injury. In the CPB-control group, an increase in the ALT concentration was found: 43 (34; 44) U/l at baseline to 82 (53; 99) U/l 12 hours after CPB, p &lt; 0.05. AST concentration in the CPB-control group increased from 25 (17; 26) U/l at baseline to 269 (164; 376) U/l 12 hours after CPB (p &lt; 0.05). We found no significant increase in ALT and AST concentrations in the CPB-NO group. There were no significant differences in ALT and AST concentrations between CPB-NO and CPB-control groups at all study time points. In the CPB-control group, an increase in the creatinine level was found from 131 (129; 133) μmol/l at baseline to 273 (241; 306) μmol/l 12 hours after CPB (p &lt; 0.05). We found no significant increase in creatinine levels in the CPB-NO group. Creatinine levels in the CPB-NO group were significantly lower than in the CPB-control group 12 h after weaning from CPB: 183 (168; 196) vs 273 (241; 306) μmol/l (p &lt; 0.008). We found no significant differences between the study groups by the NGAL level. Morphology revealed characteristic alterative changes in tissues, circulatory disorders, and inflammatory infiltration of varying degrees of severity, which in combination is a manifestation of the acute damaging effect of CPB. In the CPB-NO group, the severity of pathological changes, measured in points, was lower than in the CPB-control group, but no statistically significant differences were found.Conclusion. NO added to the oxygenator gas mixture reduces liver and kidney injury during prolonged CPB. Further research is required.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оксид азота</kwd><kwd>искусственное кровообращение</kwd><kwd>острое почечное повреждение</kwd><kwd>повреждение печени</kwd><kwd>кардиохирургия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nitric oxide</kwd><kwd>cardiopulmonary bypass</kwd><kwd>acute kidney injury</kwd><kwd>liver injury</kwd><kwd>cardiac surgery</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке и в сотрудничестве со специалистами Федерального государственного унитарного предприятия «Российский федеральный ядерный центр – Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out with the support and collaboration of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Russian Federal Nuclear Center – All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chaney M.A. Corticosteroids and cardiopulmonary bypass: a review of clinical investigations. Chest. 2002; 121 (3): 921–931. DOI: 10.1378/chest.121.3.921.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chaney M.A. Corticosteroids and cardiopulmonary bypass: a review of clinical investigations. Chest. 2002; 121 (3): 921–931. DOI: 10.1378/chest.121.3.921.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paparella D., Yau T.M., Young E. Cardiopulmonary bypass induced inflammation: pathophysiology and treatment. An update. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2002; 21 (2): 232–244. DOI: 10.1016/s1010-7940(01)01099-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paparella D., Yau T.M., Young E. Cardiopulmonary bypass induced inflammation: pathophysiology and treatment. An update. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2002; 21 (2): 232–244. DOI: 10.1016/s1010-7940(01)01099-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Tomasso N., Monaco F., Landoni G. Hepatic and renal effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol. 2015; 29 (2): 151–161. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2015.04.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Tomasso N., Monaco F., Landoni G. Hepatic and renal effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol. 2015; 29 (2): 151–161. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2015.04.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryan T.A., Rady M.Y., Bashour C.A. et al. Predictors of outcome in cardiac surgical patients with prolonged intensive care stay. Chest. 1997; 112 (4): 1035–1042. DOI: 10.1378/chest.112.4.1035.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryan T.A., Rady M.Y., Bashour C.A. et al. Predictors of outcome in cardiac surgical patients with prolonged intensive care stay. Chest. 1997; 112 (4): 1035–1042. DOI: 10.1378/chest.112.4.1035.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hessel E.A. 2nd. Abdominal organ injury after cardiac surgery. Semin. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2004; 8 (3): 243–263. DOI: 10.1177/108925320400800306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hessel E.A. 2nd. Abdominal organ injury after cardiac surgery. Semin. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2004; 8 (3): 243–263. DOI: 10.1177/108925320400800306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luckraz H., Gravenor M.B., George R. et al. Long and short-term outcomes in patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy post cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2005; 27 (5): 906–909. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2005.01.057.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luckraz H., Gravenor M.B., George R. et al. Long and short-term outcomes in patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy post cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2005; 27 (5): 906–909. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2005.01.057.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewicki M., Ng I., Schneider A.G. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for preventing acute kidney injury after surgical procedures requiring cardiac bypass. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2015; 2015 (3): CD010480. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010480.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewicki M., Ng I., Schneider A.G. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for preventing acute kidney injury after surgical procedures requiring cardiac bypass. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2015; 2015 (3): CD010480. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010480.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pickering J.W., James M.T., Palmer S.C. Acute kidney injury and prognosis after cardiopulmonary bypass: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2015; 65 (2): 283–293. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.09.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pickering J.W., James M.T., Palmer S.C. Acute kidney injury and prognosis after cardiopulmonary bypass: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2015; 65 (2): 283–293. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.09.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kertai M.D., Zhou S., Karhausen J.A. et al. Platelet counts, acute kidney injury, and mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Anesthesiology. 2016; 124 (2): 339–352. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000959.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kertai M.D., Zhou S., Karhausen J.A. et al. Platelet counts, acute kidney injury, and mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Anesthesiology. 2016; 124 (2): 339–352. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000959.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosner M.H., Okusa M.D. Acute kidney injury associated with cardiac surgery. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2006; 1 (1): 19–32. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.00240605.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosner M.H., Okusa M.D. Acute kidney injury associated with cardiac surgery. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2006; 1 (1): 19–32. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.00240605.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vieira Junior F.U., Antunes N., Vieira R.W. et al. Hemolysis in extracorporeal circulation: relationship between time and procedures. Rev. Bras. Cir. Cardiovasc. 2012; 27 (4): 535–541. DOI: 10.5935/1678-9741.20120095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vieira Junior F.U., Antunes N., Vieira R.W. et al. Hemolysis in extracorporeal circulation: relationship between time and procedures. Rev. Bras. Cir. Cardiovasc. 2012; 27 (4): 535–541. DOI: 10.5935/1678-9741.20120095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X., Tanus-Santos J.E., Reiter C.D. et al. Biological activity of nitric oxide in the plasmatic compartment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2004; 101 (31): 11477–11482. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0402201101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang X., Tanus-Santos J.E., Reiter C.D. et al. Biological activity of nitric oxide in the plasmatic compartment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2004; 101 (31): 11477–11482. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0402201101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lei C., Berra L., Rezoagli E. et al. Nitric oxide decreases acute kidney injury and stage 3 chronic kidney disease after cardiac surgery. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2018; 198 (10): 1279–1287. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201710-2150OC.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lei C., Berra L., Rezoagli E. et al. Nitric oxide decreases acute kidney injury and stage 3 chronic kidney disease after cardiac surgery. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2018; 198 (10): 1279–1287. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201710-2150OC.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamenshchikov N.O., Anfinogenova Y.J., Kozlov B.N. et al. Nitric oxide delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass reduces acute kidney injury: a randomized trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2022; 163 (4): 1393–1403.e9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.03.182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamenshchikov N.O., Anfinogenova Y.J., Kozlov B.N. et al. Nitric oxide delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass reduces acute kidney injury: a randomized trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2022; 163 (4): 1393–1403.e9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.03.182.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen Z., Wang Z., Zhang J., Jing H. Hepatic injury in a rat cardiopulmonary bypass model. Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 2008; 7 (1): 18–22. DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2006.150979.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen Z., Wang Z., Zhang J., Jing H. Hepatic injury in a rat cardiopulmonary bypass model. Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 2008; 7 (1): 18–22. DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2006.150979.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai D.S., Jin B.B., Pei L., Jin Z. Protective effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on liver injury in a rat cardiopulmonary bypass model. Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. 2010; 27 (9): 824–828. DOI: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32833b650f.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai D.S., Jin B.B., Pei L., Jin Z. Protective effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on liver injury in a rat cardiopulmonary bypass model. Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. 2010; 27 (9): 824–828. DOI: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32833b650f.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooper W.A., Duarte I.G., Thourani V.H. et al. Hypothermic circulatory arrest causes multisystem vascular endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2000; 69 (3): 696–702. DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(99)01524-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooper W.A., Duarte I.G., Thourani V.H. et al. Hypothermic circulatory arrest causes multisystem vascular endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2000; 69 (3): 696–702. DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(99)01524-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Viaro F., Baldo C.F., Capellini V.K. et al. Plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx) is not a useful biomarker to predict inherent cardiopulmonary bypass inflammatory response. J. Card. Surg. 2008; 23 (4): 336–338. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8191.2008.00649.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viaro F., Baldo C.F., Capellini V.K. et al. Plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx) is not a useful biomarker to predict inherent cardiopulmonary bypass inflammatory response. J. Card. Surg. 2008; 23 (4): 336–338. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8191.2008.00649.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sobieski M.A. 2nd, Graham J.D., Pappas P.S. et al. Reducing the effects of the systemic inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass: can single dose steroids blunt systemic inflammatory response syndrome? ASAIO J. 2008; 54 (2): 203–206. DOI: 10.1097/MAT.0b013e3181640331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sobieski M.A. 2nd, Graham J.D., Pappas P.S. et al. Reducing the effects of the systemic inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass: can single dose steroids blunt systemic inflammatory response syndrome? ASAIO J. 2008; 54 (2): 203–206. DOI: 10.1097/MAT.0b013e3181640331.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Y.Q., Ding N., Zeng Y.F. et al. New progress in roles of nitric oxide during hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury. World J. Gastroenterol. 2017; 23 (14): 2505–2510. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2505.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Y.Q., Ding N., Zeng Y.F. et al. New progress in roles of nitric oxide during hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury. World J. Gastroenterol. 2017; 23 (14): 2505–2510. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2505.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dezfulian C., Raat N., Shiva S., Gladwin M.T. Role of the anion nitrite in ischemia-reperfusion cytoprotection and therapeutics. Cardiovasc. Res. 2007; 75 (2): 327–338. DOI: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.05.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dezfulian C., Raat N., Shiva S., Gladwin M.T. Role of the anion nitrite in ischemia-reperfusion cytoprotection and therapeutics. Cardiovasc. Res. 2007; 75 (2): 327–338. DOI: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.05.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hataishi R., Rodrigues A.C., Neilan T.G. et al. Inhaled nitric oxide decreases infarction size and improves left ventricular function in a murine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2006; 291 (1): H379–384. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01172.2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hataishi R., Rodrigues A.C., Neilan T.G. et al. Inhaled nitric oxide decreases infarction size and improves left ventricular function in a murine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2006; 291 (1): H379–384. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01172.2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lefer A.M. Attenuation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury with nitric oxide replacement therapy. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1995; 60 (3): 847–851. DOI: 10.1016/0003-4975(95)00423-I.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lefer A.M. Attenuation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury with nitric oxide replacement therapy. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1995; 60 (3): 847–851. DOI: 10.1016/0003-4975(95)00423-I.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abe Y., Hines I.N., Zibari G. et al. Mouse model of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury: method for studying reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites in vivo. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2009; 46 (1): 1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abe Y., Hines I.N., Zibari G. et al. Mouse model of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury: method for studying reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites in vivo. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2009; 46 (1): 1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Checchia P.A., Bronicki R.A., Muenzer J.T. et al. Nitric oxide delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass reduces postoperative morbidity in children – a randomized trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2013; 146 (3): 530–536. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Checchia P.A., Bronicki R.A., Muenzer J.T. et al. Nitric oxide delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass reduces postoperative morbidity in children – a randomized trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2013; 146 (3): 530–536. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schlapbach L.J., Gibbons K.S., Horton S.B. et al. Effect of nitric oxide via cardiopulmonary bypass on ventilator-free days in young children undergoing congenital heart disease surgery: The NITRIC randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022; 328 (1): 38–47. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.9376.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schlapbach L.J., Gibbons K.S., Horton S.B. et al. Effect of nitric oxide via cardiopulmonary bypass on ventilator-free days in young children undergoing congenital heart disease surgery: The NITRIC randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022; 328 (1): 38–47. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.9376.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
