<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2024-34-2-158-174</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4474</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL GUIDELINES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бронхоэктазы: обзор литературы при подготовке клинических рекомендаций 2024 года</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bronchiectasis: literature review for preparation of 2024 clinical guidelines</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-2150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Сергей Николаевич – д. м. н., профессор, академик Российской академии наук, директор Национального медицинского исследовательского центра по профилю «Пульмонология», заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет); главный внештатный специалист-пульмонолог Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Avdeev, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, National Medical Research Center for the profile “Pulmonology”, Head of the Department of Pulmonology, N.V.Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Chief Freelance Pulmonologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_avdeev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6395-0407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratyeva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кондратьева Елена Ивановна – д. м. н., профессор, заведующая научноклиническим отделом муковисцидоза, заведующая кафедрой генетики болезней дыхательной системы Института высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации; заместитель директора по научной работе Государственного бюджетного учреждения здравоохранения Московской области «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт детства Министерства здравоохранения Московской области»</p><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1,</p><p>141009, Московская обл., Мытищи, ул. Коминтерна, 24А, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Kondratyeva, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Scientific and Clinical Department of Cystic Fibrosis, Head of the Department of Genetics of Respiratory System Diseases, Institute of Higher and Additional Professional Education, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Centre for Medical Genetics”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; Deputy Director for Research, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Moscow region “Research Clinical Institute of Childhood”, Healthcare Ministry of Moscow Region</p><p>ul. Moskvorechye 1, Moscow, 115522,</p><p>ul. Kominterna 124A, build. 1, Moskovskaya obl., Mytishchi, 141009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenafpk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8728-1113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлов Роман Сергеевич – д. м. н., профессор, член-корр. Российской академии наук, ректор</p><p>214019, Смоленск, ул. Крупской, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman S. Kozlov, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rector</p><p>ul. Krupskoy 28, Smolensk, 214019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">roman.kozlov@antibiotic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-7531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Намазова-Баранова</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Namazova-Baranova</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Намазова-Баранова Лейла Сеймуровна – д. м. н., профессор, академик Российской академии наук, руководитель Научно-исследовательского института педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей научно-клинического центра № 2 Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации; заведующая кафедрой факультетской педиатрии педиатрического факультета Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; главный внештатный детский специалист по профилактической медицине Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Президент Союза педиатров России</p><p>119333, Москва, ул. Фотиевой, 10, стр. 1,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Pediatrics and Children’s Health Research Institute of the of the scientific and clinical center No2, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; Head of Faculty Pediatrics Department, Pediatric Faculty, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Chief Freelance Pediatric Specialist in Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, President of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia</p><p>ul. Fotievoy 10, build. 1, Moscow, 117593,</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leyla.s.namazova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3672-9242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анаев</surname><given-names>Э. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anaev</surname><given-names>E. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анаев Эльдар Хусеевич – д. м. н., врач-пульмонолог, профессор кафедры пульмонологии</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eldar Kh. Anaev, Doctor of Medicine, Pulmonologist, Professor of the Department of Pulmonology</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dissovet-pulmo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0740-1718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мизерницкий</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mizernitskiy</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мизерницкий Юрий Леонидович – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий отделом хронических воспалительных и аллергических болезней легких Обособленного структурного подразделения «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева» Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; профессор кафедры инновационной педиатрии и детской хирургии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1,</p><p>125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury L. Mizernitskiy, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Chronic Inflammatory and Allergic Lung Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia; Professor, Department of Innovative Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Additional Professional Education, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997,</p><p>ul. Taldomskaya 2, Moscow, 12541</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yulmiz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-1895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лямин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyamin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лямин Артем Викторович – д. м. н., профессор кафедры общей и клинической микробиологии, иммунологии и аллергологии</p><p>443099, Самара, ул. Чапаевская, 89</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem V. Lyamin, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of General and Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, and Allergology</p><p>ul. Chapaevskaya 89, Samara, 443099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avlyamin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6348-6867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зырянов</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyryanov</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зырянов Сергей Кенсаринович – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей и клинической фармакологии Медицинского института Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации; заместитель главного врача Государственного бюджетного учреждения города Москвы «Городская клиническая больница № 24 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6,</p><p>127015, Москва, ул. Писцовая, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey K. Zyryanov, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Institute, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; Deputy Chief Physician, State budgetary Institution of Moscow City “City Clinical Hospital No.24 of the Moscow Health Department”</p><p>ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow, 117198,</p><p>ul. Pistsovaya 10, Moscow, 127015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zyryanov_sk@rudn.university</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2293-3739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гембицкая</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gembitskaya</surname><given-names>Т. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гембицкая Татьяна Евгеньевна – д. м. н., профессор, руководитель отдела терапевтической пульмонологии Научно-исследовательского института пульмонологии Научно-клинического исследовательского центра</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana E. Gembitskaya, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Therapeutic Pulmonology, Research Institute of Pulmonology, Research Clinical Research Center</p><p>ul. L`va Tolstogo 6 – 8, Saint-Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mukoviscidoz_otd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1847-711X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарабрин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarabrin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарабрин Евгений Александрович – д. м. н., заведующий кафедрой госпитальной хирургии № 2 Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет); главный научный сотрудник отделения неотложной торакоабдоминальной хирургии Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2,</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy А. Tarabrin, Doctor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery No.2, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Chief Researcher, Department of Emergency Thoracoabdominal Surgery, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Moscow City “Sklifosovsky Research Institute For Emergency Medicine”</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991,</p><p>Bol’shaya Sukharevskaya pl. 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t_evg_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3678-7939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селимзянова</surname><given-names>Л. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selimzyanova</surname><given-names>L. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селимзянова Лилия Робертовна – к. м. н., доцент кафедры педиатрии и детской ревматологии Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации  (Сеченовский Университет); заведующая отделом стандартизации и изучения основ доказательной медицины, врач-пульмонолог Научно-исследовательского института педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей научно-клинического центра № 2 Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Российский научный  центр  хирургии  имени  академика Б.В. Петровского» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации; доцент кафедры факультетской педиатрии педиатрического факультета Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2,</p><p>119333, Москва, ул. Фотиевой, 10, стр. 1,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liliya R. Selimzyanova, Candidate of Medicine, Associate Professor, Departаment of Pediatrics and Pediatric Rheumatology, Clinical Institute of Child Health named after N.F.Filatov, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Head of the Department of Standardization and Study of the Fundamentals of Evidence-Based Medicine, Pulmonologist, Pediatrics and Children’s Health Research Institute of the of the scientific and clinical center No.2, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; Associate Professor, Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Faculty of Pediatrics, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991,</p><p>ul. Fotievoy 10, build. 1, Moscow, 117593,</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 11799</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lilysir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-11"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3133-8018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куцев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutsev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куцев Сергей Иванович – д. м. н., профессор, академик Российской академии наук, директор Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации; главный внештатный специалист по медицинской генетике Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>115522, Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey I. Kutsev, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Centre of Medical Genetics named after Academician N.P.Bochkov”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; Chief Freelance Specialist in Medical Genetics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p><p>ul. Moskvorechye 1, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mgnc@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-12"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П.Бочкова» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации;&#13;
Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Московской области «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт детства Министерства здравоохранения Московской области»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Centre for Medical Genetics”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation;&#13;
State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Moscow region “Research Clinical Institute of Childhood”, Healthcare Ministry of Moscow Region</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Smolensk State Medical University” Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей научно-клинического центра № 2 Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В.Петровского» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации;&#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatrics and Children’s Health Research Institute of the of the scientific and clinical center No2, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
Обособленное структурное подразделение «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии имени академика Ю.Е.Вельтищева» Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Samara State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский институт Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации;&#13;
Государственное бюджетное учреждение города Москвы «Городская клиническая больница № 24 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Institute, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation;&#13;
State Budgetary Institution of Moscow City “City Clinical Hospital No.24 of the Moscow Health Department”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П.Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Academician I.P.Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет);&#13;
Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н.В.Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University);&#13;
State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Moscow City “Sklifosovsky Research Institute For Emergency Medicine”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-11"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет);&#13;
Научно-исследовательский институт педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей научно-клинического центра № 2 Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В.Петровского» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации;&#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University);&#13;
Pediatrics and Children’s Health Research Institute of the of the scientific and clinical center No2, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-12"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П.Бочкова» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Centre for Medical Genetics”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>158</fpage><lpage>174</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Авдеев С.Н., Кондратьева Е.И., Козлов Р.С., Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Анаев Э.Х., Мизерницкий Ю.Л., Лямин А.В., Зырянов С.К., Гембицкая Т.Е., Тарабрин Е.А., Селимзянова Л.Р., Куцев С.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Авдеев С.Н., Кондратьева Е.И., Козлов Р.С., Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Анаев Э.Х., Мизерницкий Ю.Л., Лямин А.В., Зырянов С.К., Гембицкая Т.Е., Тарабрин Е.А., Селимзянова Л.Р., Куцев С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avdeev S.N., Kondratyeva E.I., Kozlov R.S., Namazova-Baranova L.S., Anaev E.K., Mizernitskiy Y.L., Lyamin A.V., Zyryanov S.K., Gembitskaya Т.E., Tarabrin E.A., Selimzyanova L.R., Kutsev S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4474">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4474</self-uri><abstract><p>Бронхоэктазы (БЭ) (J47 – по Международной статистической классификации болезней и проблем, связанных со здоровьем, 10-го пересмотра) – это хроническое респираторное заболевание, характеризуемое клиническим синдромом кашля, выделением мокроты и бронхиальной инфекцией, а рентгенологически – аномальной и постоянной дилатацией бронхов. Частыми причинами БЭ являются муковисцидоз (МВ), первичная цилиарная дискинезия, иммунные нарушения, системные воспалительные заболевания и инфекции, ряд других факторов. Некоторые случаи являются идиопатическими, когда причину не удается установить. С практической точки зрения пациенты с БЭ разделяются на 2 группы – МВ-ассоциированные и не связанные с МВ. Распространенность заболевания значительно различается во всем мире, в Российской Федерации она достоверно неизвестна.</p><p>Целью обзора явился анализ данных литературы о современных подходах к диагностике БЭ и ознакомление с диагностическими методами и основными подходами к их лечению.</p><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Использовались данные 77 статей и экспертное мнение специалистов, оказывающих помощь пациентам с БЭ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Описаны основные причины, частота их встречаемости, клинические фенотипы и подходы к терапии БЭ. Существует множество клинических, лабораторных, инструментальных и рентгенологических особенностей, которые дают представление об этиологии БЭ. Согласно Европейскому консенсусу, целью терапии БЭ является восстановление или поддержание нормальной функции легких. Рандомизированных исследований лечения БЭ не проводилось, следовательно, все рекомендации по лечению основаны на доказательствах очень низкого уровня или экстраполированы из руководств по МВ. Описаны рекомендации по муколитической, антибактериальной и противовоспалительной терапии БЭ с учетом мирового и отечественного опыта.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработка нового варианта клинических рекомендаций, содержащих современную актуальную информацию, позволит усовершенствовать диагностику и лечение БЭ в Российской Федерации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Bronchiectasis, ICD-10 – J47, (BE) is a chronic respiratory disease characterized clinically by cough, sputum production and bronchial infection, and radiographically by abnormal and persistent dilation of the bronchi. Common causes include cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, immune disorders, systemic inflammatory diseases and infections, and other factors. However, some cases are idiopathic, when the cause cannot be identified. In practice, patients with bronchiectasis are divided into two groups: associated and not associated with cystic fibrosis. The prevalence of the disease varies significantly worldwide; it is not reliably known in the Russian Federation.</p><p>The aim of the review is to analyze the literature data on modern approaches to the diagnosis of BE and to familiarize readers with diagnostic methods and basic approaches to the treatment.</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Data from 77 articles and the expert opinion of specialists providing care to patients with BE were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The main causes, frequency of occurrence, clinical phenotypes and treatment approaches for BE are described. There are many clinical, laboratory, instrumental and radiological features that provide insight into the etiology of BE. The European consensus is that the goal of treating BE is to restore or maintain normal lung function. There are no randomized trials on the treatment of BE, so all treatment guidelines are based on very low-level evidence or extrapolated from cystic fibrosis guidelines. Recommendations for mucolytic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy for BE are described, taking into account international and national experience.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The development of a new version of clinical guidelines with modern relevant information will improve the diagnosis and treatment of BE in the Russian Federation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхоэктазы</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>микробиология</kwd><kwd>муколитическая и антибактериальная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchiectasis</kwd><kwd>computed tomography</kwd><kwd>microbiology</kwd><kwd>mucolytic and antibacterial therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке компании Solopharm</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared with the financial support of Solopharm</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laennec R.T.H. A treatise on the disease of the chest: with plates. New York: Academy Medicine; 1962. Available at: https://archive.org/details/treatiseondiseas0000laen/page/n1/mode/2up</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laennec R.T.H. A treatise on the disease of the chest: with plates. New York: Academy Medicine; 1962. Available at: https://archive.org/details/treatiseondiseas0000laen/page/n1/mode/2up</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cole P.J. Inflammation: a two-edged sword – the model of bronchiectasis. Eur .J. Respir. Dis. Suppl. 1986; 147: 6–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cole P.J. Inflammation: a two-edged sword – the model of bronchiectasis. Eur .J. Respir. Dis. Suppl. 1986; 147: 6–15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pembridge T., Chalmers J.D. Precision medicine in bronchiectasis. Breathe (Sheff). 2021; 17 (4): 210119. DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0119-2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pembridge T., Chalmers J.D. Precision medicine in bronchiectasis. Breathe (Sheff). 2021; 17 (4): 210119. DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0119-2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рачинский С.В., Таточенко В.К., ред. Болезни органов дыхания у детей. М.: Медицина; 1988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rachinsky S.V., Tatochenko V.K., eds. [Respiratory diseases in children]. Moscow: Meditsina; 1988 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Розинова Н.Н., Мизерницкий Ю.Л., ред. Хронические заболевания легких у детей. М.: Практика; 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rozinova N.N., Mizernitsky Yu.L. eds. [Chronic lung diseases in children]. Moscow: Praktika; 2011 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таточенко В.К., ред. Болезни органов дыхания у детей. М.: Педиатръ, 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatochenko V.K., ed. [Respiratory diseases in children]. Moscow: Pediatr; 2012 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eber E., Midulla F., eds. ERS handbook paediatric respiratory medicine. 2nd Edn. Sheffield: ERS; 2021. DOI: 10.1183/9781849841313.eph01.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eber E., Midulla F., eds. ERS handbook paediatric respiratory medicine. 2nd Edn. Sheffield: ERS; 2021. DOI: 10.1183/9781849841313.eph01.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lowe D.M., Hurst J.R. Primary immunodeficiency. In: Chalmers J.D., Polverino E., Aliberti S., eds. Bronchiectasis. Sheffield: ERS; 2018: 153–166. DOI: 10.1183/2312508X.10015917.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lowe D.M., Hurst J.R. Primary immunodeficiency. In: Chalmers J.D., Polverino E., Aliberti S., eds. Bronchiectasis. Sheffield: ERS; 2018: 153–166. DOI: 10.1183/2312508X.10015917.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polverino E., Goeminne P.C., McDonnell M.J. et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of adult bronchiectasis. Eur. Respir. J. 2017; 50 (3): 1700629. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00629-2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polverino E., Goeminne P.C., McDonnell M.J. et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of adult bronchiectasis. Eur. Respir. J. 2017; 50 (3): 1700629. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00629-2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang A.B., Fortescue R., Grimwood K. et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of children and adolescents with bronchiectasis. Eur. Respir. J. 2021; 58 (2): 2002990. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02990-2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang A.B., Fortescue R., Grimwood K. et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of children and adolescents with bronchiectasis. Eur. Respir. J. 2021; 58 (2): 2002990. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02990-2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weycker D., Edelsberg J., Oster G., Tino G. Prevalence and economic burden of bronchiectasis. Clin. Pulm. Med. 2005; 12 (4): 205–209. DOI: 10.1097/01.cpm.0000171422.98696.ed.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weycker D., Edelsberg J., Oster G., Tino G. Prevalence and economic burden of bronchiectasis. Clin. Pulm. Med. 2005; 12 (4): 205–209. DOI: 10.1097/01.cpm.0000171422.98696.ed.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng J., Sun L., Sun X. et al. Increasing prevalence and burden of bronchiectasis in urban Chinese adults, 2013-2017: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Respir. Res. 2022; 23 (1): 111. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02023-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feng J., Sun L., Sun X. et al. Increasing prevalence and burden of bronchiectasis in urban Chinese adults, 2013-2017: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Respir. Res. 2022; 23 (1): 111. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02023-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bilton D., Jones A.L. Bronchiectasis: epidemiology and causes. In: Floto R.A., Haworth C.S., eds. Bronchiectasis (out of print). Sheffield: ERS; 2011. Vol. 52: 1–10. DOI: 10.1183/1025448x.erm5210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bilton D., Jones A.L. Bronchiectasis: epidemiology and causes. In: Floto R.A., Haworth C.S., eds. Bronchiectasis (out of print). Sheffield: ERS; 2011. Vol. 52: 1–10. DOI: 10.1183/1025448x.erm5210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flume P.A., Chalmers J.D., Olivier K.N. Advances in bronchiectasis: endotyping, genetics, microbiome, and disease heterogeneity. Lancet. 2018; 392 (10150): 880–890. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31767-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flume P.A., Chalmers J.D., Olivier K.N. Advances in bronchiectasis: endotyping, genetics, microbiome, and disease heterogeneity. Lancet. 2018; 392 (10150): 880–890. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31767-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Contarini M., Finch S., Chalmers J.D. Bronchiectasis: a case-based approach to investigation and management. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2018; 27 (149): 180016. DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0016-2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Contarini M., Finch S., Chalmers J.D. Bronchiectasis: a case-based approach to investigation and management. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2018; 27 (149): 180016. DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0016-2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altenburg J., Wortel K., van der Werf T.S., Boersma W.G. Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment, illustrated by data from a Dutch Teaching Hospital. Neth. J. Med. 2015; 73 (4): 147–154. Available at: https://www.njmonline.nl/article.php?a=1561&amp;d=1036&amp;i=182</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altenburg J., Wortel K., van der Werf T.S., Boersma W.G. Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment, illustrated by data from a Dutch Teaching Hospital. Neth. J. Med. 2015; 73 (4): 147–154. Available at: https://www.njmonline.nl/article.php?a=1561&amp;d=1036&amp;i=182</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith M.P. Diagnosis and management of bronchiectasis. CMAJ. 2017; 189 (24): E828–835. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.160830.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith M.P. Diagnosis and management of bronchiectasis. CMAJ. 2017; 189 (24): E828–835. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.160830.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ullmann N., Porcaro F., Petreschi F. et al. Noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents: Follow-up over a decade. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2021; 56 (9): 3026–3034. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25553.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ullmann N., Porcaro F., Petreschi F. et al. Noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents: Follow-up over a decade. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2021; 56 (9): 3026–3034. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25553.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pasteur M.C., Bilton D., Hill A.T.; British Thoracic Society Bronchiectasis non-CF Guideline Group. British Thoracic Society guideline for non-CF bronchiectasis. Thorax. 2010; 65 (7): 577. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.142778.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pasteur M.C., Bilton D., Hill A.T.; British Thoracic Society Bronchiectasis non-CF Guideline Group. British Thoracic Society guideline for non-CF bronchiectasis. Thorax. 2010; 65 (7): 577. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.142778.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красовский С.А., Старинова А.Ю., Воронкова Е.Л. и др., ред. Регистр больных муковисцидозом в Российской Федерации. 2021 год. СПб: Благотворительный фонд «Острова»; 2023. Доступно на: https://mukoviscidoz.org/doc/registr/registr_systicfibrosis_brochure_19_10.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasovsky S.A., Starinova M.A., Voronkova A.Yu. et al., eds. [Register of patients with cystic fibrosis in the Russian Federation. 2021]. St. Petersburg: Blagotvoritel’nyy fond “Ostrova”»; 2023. Available at: https://mukoviscidoz.org/doc/registr/registr_systicfibrosis_brochure_19_10.pdf (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King P.T., Holdsworth S.R., Freezer N.J. et al. Microbiologic follow-up study in adult bronchiectasis. Respir. Med. 2007; 101 (8): 1633–1638. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.03.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King P.T., Holdsworth S.R., Freezer N.J. et al. Microbiologic follow-up study in adult bronchiectasis. Respir. Med. 2007; 101 (8): 1633–1638. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.03.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cummings S., Nelson A., Purcell P. et al. A comparative study of polymicrobial diversity in CF and non-CF bronchiectasis. Thorax. 2010; 65 (4): A13–A14. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.150912.23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cummings S., Nelson A., Purcell P. et al. A comparative study of polymicrobial diversity in CF and non-CF bronchiectasis. Thorax. 2010; 65 (4): A13–A14. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.150912.23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foweraker J.E., Wat D. Microbiology of non-CF bronchiectasis. In: Floto R.A., Haworth C.S., eds. Bronchiectasis (out of print). Sheffield: ERS; 2011. Vol. 52: 68–96. DOI: 10.1183/1025448x.10003610.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foweraker J.E., Wat D. Microbiology of non-CF bronchiectasis. In: Floto R.A., Haworth C.S., eds. Bronchiectasis (out of print). Sheffield: ERS; 2011. Vol. 52: 68–96. DOI: 10.1183/1025448x.10003610.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Finch S., McDonnell M.J., Abo-Leyah H. et al. A Comprehensive analysis of the impact of pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization on prognosis in adult bronchiectasis. Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2015; 12 (11): 1602–1611. DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201506-333OC.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Finch S., McDonnell M.J., Abo-Leyah H. et al. A Comprehensive analysis of the impact of pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization on prognosis in adult bronchiectasis. Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2015; 12 (11): 1602–1611. DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201506-333OC.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pasteur M.C., Helliwell S.M., Houghton S.J. et al. An investigation into causative factors in patients with bronchiectasis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 162 (4, Pt 1): 1277–1284. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.4.9906120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pasteur M.C., Helliwell S.M., Houghton S.J. et al. An investigation into causative factors in patients with bronchiectasis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 162 (4, Pt 1): 1277–1284. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.4.9906120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reid L.M. Reduction in bronchial subdivision in bronchiectasis. Thorax. 1950; 5 (3): 233–247. DOI: 10.1136/thx.5.3.233.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reid L.M. Reduction in bronchial subdivision in bronchiectasis. Thorax. 1950; 5 (3): 233–247. DOI: 10.1136/thx.5.3.233.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Angrill J., Agusti C., De Celis R. et al. Bronchial inflammation and colonization in patients with clinically stable bronchiectasis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 164 (9): 1628–1632. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.9.2105083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Angrill J., Agusti C., De Celis R. et al. Bronchial inflammation and colonization in patients with clinically stable bronchiectasis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 164 (9): 1628–1632. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.9.2105083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang A.B., Masel J.P., Boyce N.C. et al. Non-CF bronchiectasis: clinical and HRCT evaluation. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2003; 35 (6): 477–483. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.10289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang A.B., Masel J.P., Boyce N.C. et al. Non-CF bronchiectasis: clinical and HRCT evaluation. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2003; 35 (6): 477–483. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.10289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Remy Jardin M., Amara A., Campistron P. et al. Diagnosis of bronchiectasis with multislice spiral CT: accuracy of 3-mm-thick structured sections. Eur. Radiol. 2003; 13 (5): 1165–1171. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-003-1821-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Remy Jardin M., Amara A., Campistron P. et al. Diagnosis of bronchiectasis with multislice spiral CT: accuracy of 3-mm-thick structured sections. Eur. Radiol. 2003; 13 (5): 1165–1171. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-003-1821-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naidich D.P., McCauley D.I., Khouri N.F. et al. Computed tomography of bronchiectasis. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 1982; 6 (3): 437–444. DOI: 10.1097/00004728-198206000-00001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naidich D.P., McCauley D.I., Khouri N.F. et al. Computed tomography of bronchiectasis. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 1982; 6 (3): 437–444. DOI: 10.1097/00004728-198206000-00001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill T.A., Sullivan L.A., Chalmers D.J. et al. British Thoracic Society Guideline for bronchiectasis in adults. Thorax. 2019; 74 (Suppl. 1): 1–69. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212463.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill T.A., Sullivan L.A., Chalmers D.J. et al. British Thoracic Society Guideline for bronchiectasis in adults. Thorax. 2019; 74 (Suppl. 1): 1–69. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212463.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UpToDate. Barker A.F. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of bronchiectasis in adults. 2023. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-bronchiectasis-in-adults/print [Accessed: December 05, 2023].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UpToDate. Barker A.F. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of bronchiectasis in adults. 2023. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-bronchiectasis-in-adults/print [Accessed: December 05, 2023].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martinez-Garcia M.Á., Oscullo G., Garcia-Ortega A. Towards a new definition of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. J. Bras. Pneumol. 2022; 48 (1): e20220023. DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20220023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinez-Garcia M.Á., Oscullo G., Garcia-Ortega A. Towards a new definition of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. J. Bras. Pneumol. 2022; 48 (1): e20220023. DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20220023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill A.T., Haworth C.S., Aliberti S. et al. Pulmonary exacerbation in adults with bronchiectasis: a consensus definition for clinical research. Eur. Respir. J. 2017; 49 (6): 1700051. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00051-2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill A.T., Haworth C.S., Aliberti S. et al. Pulmonary exacerbation in adults with bronchiectasis: a consensus definition for clinical research. Eur. Respir. J. 2017; 49 (6): 1700051. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00051-2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castellani C., Simmonds N.J. Identifying undiagnosed cystic fibrosis in adults with bronchiectasis. In: Chalmers J.D., Polverino E., Aliberti S., eds. Bronchiectasis. Sheffield: ERS; 2018: 29–44. DOI: 10.1183/2312508X.10015317.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castellani C., Simmonds N.J. Identifying undiagnosed cystic fibrosis in adults with bronchiectasis. In: Chalmers J.D., Polverino E., Aliberti S., eds. Bronchiectasis. Sheffield: ERS; 2018: 29–44. DOI: 10.1183/2312508X.10015317.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel I.S., Viahos I., Wilkinson T.M. et al. Bronchiectasis, exacerbation indices and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 170 (4): 400–407. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200305-648oc.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel I.S., Viahos I., Wilkinson T.M. et al. Bronchiectasis, exacerbation indices and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 170 (4): 400–407. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200305-648oc.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ellis D.A., Thornley P.E., Wightman A.J. et al. Present outlook in bronchiectasis: clinical and social study and review of factors influencing prognosis. Thorax. 1981; 36 (9): 659–664. DOI: 10.1136/thx.36.9.659.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ellis D.A., Thornley P.E., Wightman A.J. et al. Present outlook in bronchiectasis: clinical and social study and review of factors influencing prognosis. Thorax. 1981; 36 (9): 659–664. DOI: 10.1136/thx.36.9.659.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martínez-García M.Á., de Gracia J., Vendrell Relat M. et al. Multidimensional approach to non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: the FACED score. Eur. Respir. J. 2014; 43 (5): 1357–1367. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00026313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martínez-García M.Á., de Gracia J., Vendrell Relat M. et al. Multidimensional approach to non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: the FACED score. Eur. Respir. J. 2014; 43 (5): 1357–1367. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00026313.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee A.L., Burge A.T., Holland A.E. Airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2015; 2015 (11): CD008351. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008351.pub3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee A.L., Burge A.T., Holland A.E. Airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2015; 2015 (11): CD008351. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008351.pub3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мизерницкий Ю.Л., Новак А.А., Шудуева А.Р. Опыт ингаляционного применения гипертонического раствора в пульмонологии детского возраста. Медицинский Совет. 2022; 16 (12): 36–39. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-12-36-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mizernitskiy Yu.L., Novak A.A., Shudueva A.R. [Experience of inhaled hypertonic saline use in pediatric pulmonology]. Meditsinskiy sovet. 2022; (12): 36–39. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-12-36-39 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicolson C.H., Stirling R.G., Borg B.M. et al. The long term effect of inhaled hypertonic saline 6% in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Respir. Med. 2012; 106 (5): 661–667. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.12.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicolson C.H., Stirling R.G., Borg B.M. et al. The long term effect of inhaled hypertonic saline 6% in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Respir. Med. 2012; 106 (5): 661–667. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.12.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao Y.H., Guan W.J., Xu G. et al. Macrolide therapy in adults and children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (3): e90047. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090047.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao Y.H., Guan W.J., Xu G. et al. Macrolide therapy in adults and children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (3): e90047. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090047.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White L., Mirrani G., Grover M. et al. Outcomes of Pseudomonas eradication therapy in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Respir. Med. 2012; 106 (3): 356–360. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.11.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White L., Mirrani G., Grover M. et al. Outcomes of Pseudomonas eradication therapy in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Respir. Med. 2012; 106 (3): 356–360. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.11.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polverino E., Perez-Miranda J. Antibiotic management and resistance. In: Chalmers J.D., Polverino E., Aliberti S., eds. Bronchiectasis. Sheffield: ERS; 2018. Vol. 81: 312–330. DOI: 10.1183/2312508x.erm8118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polverino E., Perez-Miranda J. Antibiotic management and resistance. In: Chalmers J.D., Polverino E., Aliberti S., eds. Bronchiectasis. Sheffield: ERS; 2018. Vol. 81: 312–330. DOI: 10.1183/2312508x.erm8118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UpToDate. Goyal V., Chang A.B. Bronchiectasis in children without cystic fibrosis: Management. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-bronchiectasis-in-children-without-cystic-fibrosis [Accessed: September 21, 2021].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UpToDate. Goyal V., Chang A.B. Bronchiectasis in children without cystic fibrosis: Management. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-bronchiectasis-in-children-without-cystic-fibrosis [Accessed: September 21, 2021].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shapiro A.J., Zariwala M.A., Ferkol T. et al. Diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of primary ciliary dyskinesia: PCD foundation consensus recommendations based on state of the art review. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2016; 51 (2): 115–132. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shapiro A.J., Zariwala M.A., Ferkol T. et al. Diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of primary ciliary dyskinesia: PCD foundation consensus recommendations based on state of the art review. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2016; 51 (2): 115–132. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brodt A.M., Stovold E., Zhang L. Inhaled antibiotics for stable non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a systematic review. Eur. Respir. J. 2014; 44 (2): 382–393. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00018414.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brodt A.M., Stovold E., Zhang L. Inhaled antibiotics for stable non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a systematic review. Eur. Respir. J. 2014; 44 (2): 382–393. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00018414.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi S.H., Kim E.Y., Kim Y.J. Systemic use of fluoroquinolone in children. Korean J. Pediatr. 2013; 56 (5): 196–201. DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2013.56.5.196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi S.H., Kim E.Y., Kim Y.J. Systemic use of fluoroquinolone in children. Korean J. Pediatr. 2013; 56 (5): 196–201. DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2013.56.5.196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gardner R.A., Davis S.D., M. Rosenfeld M. et al. Therapies used for primary ciliary dyskinesia in North American children. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2021; 203: A3380. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3380.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gardner R.A., Davis S.D., M. Rosenfeld M. et al. Therapies used for primary ciliary dyskinesia in North American children. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2021; 203: A3380. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3380.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мизерницкий Ю.Л., Мельникова И.М. Роль комбинированной муколитической терапии при инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваниях органов дыхания у детей. Медицинский совет. 2019; (11): 56–59. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2019-11-56-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mizernitsky Yu.L., Melnikova I.M. [Role of combined mucolytic therapy in infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system in children]. Meditsinskiy sovet. 2019; (11): 56–59. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2019-11-56-59 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белевский А.С., Княжеская Н.П. Тиамфеникола глицинат ацетилцистеинат: некоторые аспекты применения при острых и хронических легочных заболеваниях. Практическая пульмонология. 2017; (3): 123–126. Доступно на: https://atmosphere-ph.ru/modules/Magazines/articles/pulmo/pp_3_2017_122.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belevskiy A.S., Knyazheskaya N.P. [Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate for the treatment of acute and chronic pulmonary diseases]. Prakticheskaya pul’monologiya. 2017: (3): 123–126. Available at: https://atmosphere-ph.ru/modules/Magazines/articles/pulmo/pp_3_2017_122.pdf (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tarrant B.J., Le Maitre C., Romero L. et al. Mucoactive agents for chronic, non-cystic fibrosis lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology. 2017; 22 (6): 1084–1092. DOI: 10.1111/resp.13047.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarrant B.J., Le Maitre C., Romero L. et al. Mucoactive agents for chronic, non-cystic fibrosis lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology. 2017; 22 (6): 1084–1092. DOI: 10.1111/resp.13047.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kellett F., Robert N.M. Nebulised 7% hypertonic saline improves lung function and quality of life in bronchiectasis. Respir. Med. 2011; 105 (12): 1831–1835. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.07.019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kellett F., Robert N.M. Nebulised 7% hypertonic saline improves lung function and quality of life in bronchiectasis. Respir. Med. 2011; 105 (12): 1831–1835. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.07.019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herrero-Cortina B., Alcaraz V., Vilaro J. et al. Impact of hypertonic saline solutions on sputum expectoration and their safety profile in patients with bronchiectasis: a randomized crossover trial. J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv. 2018; 31 (5): 281–289. DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2017.1443.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herrero-Cortina B., Alcaraz V., Vilaro J. et al. Impact of hypertonic saline solutions on sputum expectoration and their safety profile in patients with bronchiectasis: a randomized crossover trial. J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv. 2018; 31 (5): 281–289. DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2017.1443.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daviskas E., Anderson S.D., Gonda I. et al. Inhalation of hypertonic saline aerosol enhances mucociliary clearance in asthmatic and healthy subjects. Eur. Respir. J. 1996; 9 (4): 725–732. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.96.09040725.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daviskas E., Anderson S.D., Gonda I. et al. Inhalation of hypertonic saline aerosol enhances mucociliary clearance in asthmatic and healthy subjects. Eur. Respir. J. 1996; 9 (4): 725–732. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.96.09040725.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elkins M.R., Robinson M., Rose B.R. et al. A controlled trial of longterm inhaled hypertonic saline in patients with cystic fibrosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006; 354 (3): 229–240. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa043900.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elkins M.R., Robinson M., Rose B.R. et al. A controlled trial of longterm inhaled hypertonic saline in patients with cystic fibrosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006; 354 (3): 229–240. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa043900.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wark P., McDonald V.M. Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018; (9): CD001506. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001506.pub4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wark P., McDonald V.M. Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018; (9): CD001506. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001506.pub4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michon A.L., Jumas-Bilak E., Chiron R. et al. Advances toward the elucidation of hypertonic saline effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (2): e90164. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michon A.L., Jumas-Bilak E., Chiron R. et al. Advances toward the elucidation of hypertonic saline effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (2): e90164. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garantziotis S., Brezina M., Castelnuovo P., Drago L. The role of hyaluronan in the pathobiology and treatment of respiratory disease. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 2016; 310 (9): L785–795. DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00168.2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garantziotis S., Brezina M., Castelnuovo P., Drago L. The role of hyaluronan in the pathobiology and treatment of respiratory disease. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 2016; 310 (9): L785–795. DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00168.2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qi Q., Ailiyaer Y., Liu R. et al. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on exacerbations of bronchiectasis (BENE): a randomized controlled trial. Respir. Res. 2019; 20 (1): 73. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1042-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qi Q., Ailiyaer Y., Liu R. et al. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on exacerbations of bronchiectasis (BENE): a randomized controlled trial. Respir. Res. 2019; 20 (1): 73. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1042-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hart A., Sugumar K., Milan S.J. et al. Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2014; (5): CD002996. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002996.pub3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hart A., Sugumar K., Milan S.J. et al. Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2014; (5): CD002996. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002996.pub3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilkinson M., Sugumar K., Milan S.J. et al. Mucolytics for bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2014 (5): CD001289. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001289.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilkinson M., Sugumar K., Milan S.J. et al. Mucolytics for bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2014 (5): CD001289. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001289.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wills P., Greenstone M. Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2002; (1): CD002996. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wills P., Greenstone M. Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2002; (1): CD002996. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Redding G.J. Bronchiectasis in children. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 2009; 56 (1): 157–171. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2008.10.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Redding G.J. Bronchiectasis in children. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 2009; 56 (1): 157–171. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2008.10.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chalmers J.D., Polverino E., Crichton M.L. et al. Bronchiectasis in Europe: data on disease characteristics from the European Bronchiectasis registry (EMBARC). Lancet Respir. Med. 2023; 11 (7): 637–649. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00093-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chalmers J.D., Polverino E., Crichton M.L. et al. Bronchiectasis in Europe: data on disease characteristics from the European Bronchiectasis registry (EMBARC). Lancet Respir. Med. 2023; 11 (7): 637–649. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00093-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jayaram L., King P.T., Hunt J. et al. Evaluation of high dose N-acetylcysteine on airway inflammation and quality of life outcomes in adults with bronchiectasis: a randomised placebo-controlled pilot study. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 2023; 84: 102283. DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102283.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jayaram L., King P.T., Hunt J. et al. Evaluation of high dose N-acetylcysteine on airway inflammation and quality of life outcomes in adults with bronchiectasis: a randomised placebo-controlled pilot study. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 2023; 84: 102283. DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102283.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minov J., Stoleski S., Petrova T. et al. Effects of a long-term use of carbocysteine on frequency and duration of exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci. 2019; 7 (23): 4030–4035. DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.697.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minov J., Stoleski S., Petrova T. et al. Effects of a long-term use of carbocysteine on frequency and duration of exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci. 2019; 7 (23): 4030–4035. DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.697.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liao Y., Wu Y., Zi K. et al. The effect of N-acetylcysteine in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NINCFB): study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Pulm. Med. 2022; 22 (1): 401. DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02202-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liao Y., Wu Y., Zi K. et al. The effect of N-acetylcysteine in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NINCFB): study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Pulm. Med. 2022; 22 (1): 401. DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02202-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bradley J.M., Anand R., O’Neill B. et al. A 2 × 2 factorial, randomised, open-label trial to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of hypertonic saline (HTS 6%) and carbocisteine for airway clearance versus usual care over 52weeks in adults with bronchiectasis: a protocol for the CLEAR clinical trial. Trials. 2019; 20 (1): 747. DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3766-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bradley J.M., Anand R., O’Neill B. et al. A 2 × 2 factorial, randomised, open-label trial to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of hypertonic saline (HTS 6%) and carbocisteine for airway clearance versus usual care over 52weeks in adults with bronchiectasis: a protocol for the CLEAR clinical trial. Trials. 2019; 20 (1): 747. DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3766-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang A.B., Morgan L.C., Duncan E.L. et al. Reducing exacerbations in children and adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia using erdosteine and/or azithromycin therapy (REPEAT trial): study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, 2×2 partial factorial, randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Respir. Res. 2022; 9 (1): e001236. DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang A.B., Morgan L.C., Duncan E.L. et al. Reducing exacerbations in children and adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia using erdosteine and/or azithromycin therapy (REPEAT trial): study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, 2×2 partial factorial, randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Respir. Res. 2022; 9 (1): e001236. DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serra A., Schito G.C., Nicoletti G., Fadda G. A therapeutic approach in the treatment of infections of the upper airways: thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate in sequential treatment (systemic-inhalatory route). Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 2007; 20 (3): 607–617. DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serra A., Schito G.C., Nicoletti G., Fadda G. A therapeutic approach in the treatment of infections of the upper airways: thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate in sequential treatment (systemic-inhalatory route). Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 2007; 20 (3): 607–617. DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blasi F., Page C., Rossolini G.M. et al. The effect of N-acetylcysteine on biofilms: Implications for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Respir Med. 2016; 117: 190–197. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.06.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blasi F., Page C., Rossolini G.M. et al. The effect of N-acetylcysteine on biofilms: Implications for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Respir Med. 2016; 117: 190–197. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.06.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olofsson A.C., Hermansson M., Elwing H. N-acetyl-L-cysteine affects growth, extracellular polysaccharide production, and bacterial biofilm formation on solid surfaces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003; 69 (8): 4814–4822. DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.8.4814-4822.2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olofsson A.C., Hermansson M., Elwing H. N-acetyl-L-cysteine affects growth, extracellular polysaccharide production, and bacterial biofilm formation on solid surfaces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003; 69 (8): 4814–4822. DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.8.4814-4822.2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванчик Н.В., Сухорукова М.В., Чагарян А.Н. и др. In vitro активность тиамфеникола в отношении клинических изолятов Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae и Streptococcus pyogenes. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2021; 23 (1): 92–99. DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2021.1.92-99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanchik N.V., Sukhorukova M.V., Chagaryan A.N. et al. [In vitro activity of thiamphenicol against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates]. Klinicheskaya mikrobiologiya i antimikrobnaya khimioterapiya. 2021; 23 (1): 92–99. DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2021.1.92-99 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bilton D., Tino G., Barker A.F. et al. Inhaled mannitol for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a randomised, controlled trial. Thorax. 2014; 69 (12): 1073–1079. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205587.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bilton D., Tino G., Barker A.F. et al. Inhaled mannitol for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a randomised, controlled trial. Thorax. 2014; 69 (12): 1073–1079. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205587.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee A.L., Gordon C.S., Osadnik C.R. Exercise training for bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2021; 4 (4): CD013110. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013110.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee A.L., Gordon C.S., Osadnik C.R. Exercise training for bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2021; 4 (4): CD013110. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013110.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Etienne T., Spiliopoulos A., Megevand R. [Bronchiectasis: indication and timing for surgery]. Ann. Chir. 1993; 47 (8): 729–735 (in French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Etienne T., Spiliopoulos A., Megevand R. [Bronchiectasis: indication and timing for surgery]. Ann. Chir. 1993; 47 (8): 729–735 (in French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu J.A., Pomerantz M., Bishop A. et al. Lady windermere revisited: treatment with thoracoscopic lobectomy/segmentectomy for right middle lobe and lingular bronchiectasis associated with non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2011; 40 (3): 671–675. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.12.028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu J.A., Pomerantz M., Bishop A. et al. Lady windermere revisited: treatment with thoracoscopic lobectomy/segmentectomy for right middle lobe and lingular bronchiectasis associated with non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2011; 40 (3): 671–675. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.12.028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weill D., Benden C., Corris P.A. et al. A consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: 2014 – an update from the Pulmonary Transplantation Council of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 2015; 34 (1): 1–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.06.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weill D., Benden C., Corris P.A. et al. A consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: 2014 – an update from the Pulmonary Transplantation Council of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 2015; 34 (1): 1–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.06.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fujimoto T., Hillejan L., Stamatis G. Current strategy for surgical management of bronchiectasis. Ann. Thorac Surg. 2001; 72 (5): 1711–1715. DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(01)03085-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fujimoto T., Hillejan L., Stamatis G. Current strategy for surgical management of bronchiectasis. Ann. Thorac Surg. 2001; 72 (5): 1711–1715. DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(01)03085-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kutlay H., Cangir A.K., Enon S. et al. Surgical treatment in bronchiectasis: analysis of 166 patients. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2002; 21 (4): 634–637. DOI: 10.1016/s1010-7940(02)00053-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutlay H., Cangir A.K., Enon S. et al. Surgical treatment in bronchiectasis: analysis of 166 patients. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2002; 21 (4): 634–637. DOI: 10.1016/s1010-7940(02)00053-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leard L.E., Holm A.M., Valapour M. et al. Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for heart and lung transplantation. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 2021; 40 (11): 1349–1379. DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.07.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leard L.E., Holm A.M., Valapour M. et al. Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for heart and lung transplantation. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 2021; 40 (11): 1349–1379. DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.07.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
