<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2023-33-5-600-610</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4312</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние иммунобиологической терапии на течение полипозного риносинусита в сочетании с тяжелой бронхиальной астмой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Impact of biologicals on chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in combination with severe asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7585-1390</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимошенко</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timoshenko</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимошенко Дарья Олеговна – аспирант, м. н. с. отделения бронхиальной астмы </p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 2</p><p>тел.: (929) 589-56-06</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria O. Timoshenko, Post-graduate student, Junior Researcher, Department of Bronchial Asthma</p><p>Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522</p><p>tel.: (929) 589-56-06</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.o.timoshenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4164-4094</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Ксения Сергеевна – к. м. н., врач-аллерголог, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения бронхиальной астмы</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 2</p><p>тел.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia S. Pavlova, Candidate of Medicine, Allergist, Leading Researcher, Department of Bronchial Asthma</p><p>Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522</p><p>tel.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksenimedical@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-0694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбачева</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbacheva</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курбачева Оксана Михайловна – д. м. н., профессор, заведующая отделением бронхиальной астмы Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии”» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; доцент кафедры клинической аллергологии и иммунологии Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И.Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 2; 127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20, стр. 1</p><p>тел.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana M. Kurbacheva, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Bronchial Asthma, National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia; Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Allergology and Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “A.I.Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</p><p>Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522; ul. Delegatskaya 20/1, Moscow, 127473</p><p>tel.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurbacheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1965-8446</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дынева</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyneva</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дынева Мирамгуль Есенгельдыевна – к. м. н., врач-аллерголог, младший научный сотрудник отделения бронхиальной астмы</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 2</p><p>тел.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Miramgul E. Dyneva, Candidate of Medicine, Allergist, Junior Researcher, Department of Bronchial Asthma</p><p>Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522</p><p>tel.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amanturliva.miramgul@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-969X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilina</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильина Наталья Ивановна – д. м. н., профессор, заместитель директора по клинической работе, главный врач Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии”» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; профессор кафедры клинической аллергологии и иммунологии Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И.Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; профессор кафедры иммунологии Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 2; 127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20, стр. 1; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p><p>тел.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia I. Ilina, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Deputy Director for Clinical Affairs, Chief Physician, National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia; Professor, Department of Clinical Allergology and Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “A.I.Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; Professor, Department of Immunology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p><p>Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522; ul. Delegatskaya 20/1, Moscow, 127473; ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997</p><p>tel.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">instimmun@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5343-4230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиловский</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilovskiy</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шиловский Игорь Петрович – д. б. н., заместитель директора по науке и инновациям, заведующий лабораторией противовирусного иммунитета</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 2</p><p>тел.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor P. Shilovskiy, Doctor of Biology, Deputy Director for Science and Innovation, Head of the Laboratory of Antiviral Immunity</p><p>Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522</p><p>tel.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igorshilovski@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0429-3117</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дворников</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvornikov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дворников Антон Сергеевич – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой дерматовенерологии имени академика Ю.К.Скрипкина лечебного факультета, декан лечебного факультета</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p><p>тел. (495) 434-36-90</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton S. Dvornikov, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Dermatovenereology named after academician Yu.K.Skripkin, Faculty of Medicine, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997</p><p>tel: (495) 434-36-90</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dvornikov_as@rsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-9640</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаитов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaitov</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хаитов Муса Рахимович – д. м. н., профессор, член-корр. Российской академии наук, директор Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии”» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; заведующий кафедрой иммунологии Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 2; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p><p>тел.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Musa R. Khaitov, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia; Head of the Department of Immunology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p><p>Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115522; ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997</p><p>tel.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mr.khaitov@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии”» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии”» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И.Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “A.I.Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии”» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И.Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “A.I.Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии”» Федерального медико-биологического&#13;
агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the&#13;
Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии”» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>600</fpage><lpage>610</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тимошенко Д.О., Павлова К.С., Курбачева О.М., Дынева М.Е., Ильина Н.И., Шиловский И.П., Дворников А.С., Хаитов М.Р., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимошенко Д.О., Павлова К.С., Курбачева О.М., Дынева М.Е., Ильина Н.И., Шиловский И.П., Дворников А.С., Хаитов М.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timoshenko D.O., Pavlova K.S., Kurbacheva O.M., Dyneva M.E., Ilina N.I., Shilovskiy I.P., Dvornikov A.S., Khaitov M.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4312">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4312</self-uri><abstract><p>Полипозный риносинусит (ПРС) часто сопутствует бронхиальной астме (БА). Подобное сочетание приводит к более тяжелому течению обеих патологий и обусловливает рост частоты и тяжести обострений как БА, так и ПРС. В настоящее время ключевой стратегией в терапии тяжелой БА (ТБА) является применение генно-инженерных иммунобиологических препаратов (ГИБП), которые также могут оказывать влияние на симптомы ПРС с учетом общности механизмов, составляющих основу патогенеза данных заболеваний. Целью исследования явилась оценка влияния терапии ГИБП на течение ПРС, сочетающегося с ТБА. Материалы и методы. В одноцентровое проспективное когортное исследование были включены пациенты (n = 49) с ПРС в сочетании с ТБА. Пациенты были распределены на 4 группы (1–4-я) и получали дупилумаб (n = 20), бенрализумаб (n = 15), меполизумаб (n = 7), омализумаб (n = 7) соответственно. Пациенты получали ГИБП ≥ 12 мес. (min – 12,0 мес.; max – 52,2 мес.). Исходно и в процессе терапии оценивались уровень контроля над БА с помощью опросника по контролю над БА (Asthma Control Test – ACT), объем форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду, число обострений БА, а также тяжесть симптомов ПРС с помощью опросника SinoNasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) и количество хирургических вмешательств на полость носа и придаточных пазух носа. Безопасность терапии оценивалась с помощью данных обследования и регистрации нежелательных явлений. Результаты. У всех пациентов достигнуто статистически значимое улучшение контроля над БА, функциональных показателей внешнего дыхания, снижение числа обострений БА, при которых требуется терапия системными глюкокортикостероидами, при этом статистически значимых различий между группами не получено (p &gt; 0,05). При оценке влияния терапии на течение ПРС показано статистически значимое улучшение контроля для всех групп (ΔSNOT-22: (–67,3) ± 23,7, p &lt; 0,001; (–26,1) ± 24,6, p &lt; 0,001; (–34,0) ± 23,5, p = 0,016; (–35,1) ± 25,1, p = 0,025), снижение числа операций после назначения терапии (Δ числа операций: (–5,2) ± 8,6, p &lt; 0,001; (–3,7) ± 3,3, p = 0,002; (–3,6) ± 2,4, p = 0,036; (–1,6) ± 1,4, p = 0,010). При терапии дупилумабом показано большее влияние на улучшение контроля над ПРС по данным опросника SNOT-22 по сравнению с таковым при терапии бенрализумабом (p = 0,001) и меполизумабом (p = 0,034). Заключение. ГИБП, применяемые в настоящее время для лечения ТБА, оказывают положительное действие на симптомы сопутствующего ПРС, однако при этом отмечен ряд ограничений, в частности, недостаточное влияние на процессы ремоделирования и формирования полипозной ткани. По результатам исследования подтверждена актуальность дальнейшего поиска перспективных мишеней для создания новых лекарственных препаратов, при помощи которых решаются поставленные клинические задачи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is often associated with asthma. This combination aggravates the course of both conditions, including the frequency and severity of asthma and CRSwNP exacerbations. Currently, the main strategy in the treatment of severe asthma is the use of biologicals, which may also impact CRSwNP symptoms, considering the similarity of pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of biological therapy on CRSwNP in combination with severe asthma. Methods. 49 patients with CRSwNP and severe asthma were included in a single-center prospective cohort study. Patients were divided into 4 groups: dupilumab (n = 20), benralizumab (n = 15), mepolizumab (n = 7), and omalizumab (n = 7). Patients received the biologicals for at least 12 months (min – 12.0 months; max – 52.2 months). Asthma control (ACT, FEV1, the number of asthma exacerbations) and CRSwNP control (SNOT-22, the number of nasal and sinus surgeries) were evaluated at baseline and during treatment. The safety of therapy was assessed by the examination results and the reported adverse events. Results. We observed statistically significant improvements in asthma control, respiratory function, and a decrease in the number of asthma exacerbations with the use of biologicals in all groups. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups (p &gt; 0.05). As for CRSwNP, we found the statistically significant improvements in symptoms (ΔSNOT-22 – (–67,3) ± 23,7, p &lt; 0,001; (–26,1) ± 24,6, p &lt; 0,001; (–34,0) ± 23,5, p = 0,016; (–35,1) ± 25,1, p = 0,025) and a decrease in the number of surgeries after therapy (Δ number of surgeries – (–5,2) ± 8,6, p &lt; 0,001; (–3,7) ± 3,3, p = 0,002; (–3,6) ± 2,4, p = 0,036; (–1,6) ± 1,4, p = 0,010). in all groups. At the same time, dupilumab showed a greater improvement of CRSwNP control according to the SNOT-22 questionnaire than benralizumab (p = 0.001) and mepolizumab (p = 0.034). Conclusion. Biologicals currently used to treat severe asthma have a beneficial effect on concomitant CRSwNP. However, not all biologicals are characterized by an effect on the processes of polyposis tissue remodeling and formation. Our study confirms the relevance of searching for other potential targets for the development of the new biologicals to address the identified clinical needs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>полипозный риносинусит</kwd><kwd>Т2-воспаление</kwd><kwd>иммунобиологическая терапия</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>asthma</kwd><kwd>chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps</kwd><kwd>Т2-inflammation</kwd><kwd>immunobiological therapy</kwd><kwd>biologicals</kwd><kwd>biologics</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 19-15-00272 (URL: https://rscf.ru/project/19-15-00272/).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No.19-15-00272 (URL: https://rscf.ru/project/19-15-00272).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Updated 2023. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GINA-2023-Full-Report-2023-WMS.pdf [Accessed: May 01, 2023].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Updated 2023. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GINA-2023-Full-Report-2023-WMS.pdf [Accessed: May 01, 2023].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шиловский И.П., Ерошкина Д.В., Бабахин А.А., Хаитов М.Р. Антицитокиновая терапия бронхиальной астмы. Молекулярная биология. 2017; 51 (1): 3 –17. DOI: 10.1134/S0026893316060194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shilovskiy I.P., Eroshkina D.V., Babakhin A.A., Khaitov M.R. [Anticytokine therapy of allergic asthma]. Molekulyarnaya biologiya. 2017; 51 (1): 3–17. DOI: 10.1134/S0026893316060194 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agache I., Beltran J., Akdis C. et al. Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals (benralizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, omalizumab and reslizumab) for severe eosinophilic asthma. A systematic review for the EAACI guidelines – recommendations on the use of biologicals in severe asthma. Allergy. 2020; 75 (5): 1023–1042. DOI: 10.1111/ALL.14221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agache I., Beltran J., Akdis C. et al. Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals (benralizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, omalizumab and reslizumab) for severe eosinophilic asthma. A systematic review for the EAACI guidelines – recommendations on the use of biologicals in severe asthma. Allergy. 2020; 75 (5): 1023–1042. DOI: 10.1111/ALL.14221.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ray A., Raundhal M., Oriss T. et al. Current concepts of severe asthma. J. Clin. Invest. 2016; 126 (7): 2394–2403. DOI: 10.1172/JCI84144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ray A., Raundhal M., Oriss T. et al. Current concepts of severe asthma. J. Clin. Invest. 2016; 126 (7): 2394–2403. DOI: 10.1172/JCI84144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruselle G.G., Maes T., Bracke K.R. Eosinophils in the spotlight: Eosinophilic airway inflammation in nonallergic asthma. Nat. Med. 2013; 19 (8): 977–979. DOI: 10.1038/NM.3300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bruselle G.G., Maes T., Bracke K.R. Eosinophils in the spotlight: Eosinophilic airway inflammation in nonallergic asthma. Nat. Med. 2013; 19 (8): 977–979. DOI: 10.1038/NM.3300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курбачева О.М., Дынева М.Е., Шиловский И.П. и др. Особенности молекулярных механизмов патогенеза бронхиальной астмы в сочетании с полипозным риносинуситом. Пульмонология. 2021; 31 (1): 7–19. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-1-7-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurbacheva O.M.., Dyneva M.E., Shilovskiy I.P. et al. [Pathogenetic molecular mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps associated with asthma]. Pul'monologiya. 2021; 31(1): 7–19. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-1-7-19 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buhl R., Humbert M., Bjermer L. et al. Severe eosinophilic asthma: a roadmap to consensus. Eur. Respir. J. 2017; 49 (5): 1700634. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00634-2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buhl R., Humbert M., Bjermer L. et al. Severe eosinophilic asthma: a roadmap to consensus. Eur. Respir. J. 2017; 49 (5): 1700634. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00634-2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hams E., Bermingham R., Fallon P.G. Macrophage and innate lymphoid cell interplay in the genesis of fibrosis. Front. Immunol. 2015; 6: 597. DOI: 10.3389/FIMMU.2015.00597.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hams E., Bermingham R., Fallon P.G. Macrophage and innate lymphoid cell interplay in the genesis of fibrosis. Front. Immunol. 2015; 6: 597. DOI: 10.3389/FIMMU.2015.00597.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таширева Л.А., Завгородская К.О., Перельмутер В.М. Роль лимфоидных клеток врожденного иммунитета в течении опухолевой болезни. Цитология. 2016; 58 (12): 901–907. Доступно на: http://tsitologiya.incras.ru/58_12/tashireva.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tashireva L.A., Zavgorodskaya K.O., Perelmuter V.M. [Role of innate lymphoid cells during cancer]. Tsitologiya. 2016; 58 (12): 901–907. Available at: http://tsitologiya.incras.ru/58_12/tashireva.pdf (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doherty T.A., Broide D.H. Lipid regulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cell function: Moving beyond epithelial cytokines. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2018; 141 (5): 1587–1589. DOI: 10.1016/J.JACI.2018.02.034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doherty T.A., Broide D.H. Lipid regulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cell function: Moving beyond epithelial cytokines. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2018; 141 (5): 1587–1589. DOI: 10.1016/J.JACI.2018.02.034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">von Moltke J., O'Leary C., Barrett N. et al. Leukotrienes provide an NFAT-dependent signal that synergizes with IL-33 to activate ILC2s. J. Exp. Med. 2017; 214 (1): 27–37. DOI: 10.1084/JEM.20161274.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">von Moltke J., O'Leary C., Barrett N. et al. Leukotrienes provide an NFAT-dependent signal that synergizes with IL-33 to activate ILC2s. J. Exp. Med. 2017; 214 (1): 27–37. DOI: 10.1084/JEM.20161274.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allakhverdi Z., Comeau M., Jessup H. et al. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is released by human epithelial cells in response to microbes, trauma, or inflammation and potently activates mast cells. J. Exp. Med. 2007; 204 (2): 253–258. DOI: 10.1084/JEM.20062211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allakhverdi Z., Comeau M., Jessup H. et al. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is released by human epithelial cells in response to microbes, trauma, or inflammation and potently activates mast cells. J. Exp. Med. 2007; 204 (2): 253–258. DOI: 10.1084/JEM.20062211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хаитов М.Р., Дынева М.Е., Савлевич Е.Л. и др. Бронхиальная астма в сочетании с полипозным риносинуситом: клиническая характеристика и анализ локальной экспрессии гена IL37. Иммунология. 2020; 41 (1): 54–63. DOI: 10.33029/0206-4952-2020-41-1-54-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khaitov M.R., Dyneva M.E., Savlevich E.L. et al. [Asthma associated with nasal polyps: clinical characteristics and analysis of local expression of IL37 gene]. Immunologiya. 2020; 41 (1): 54–63. DOI: 10.33029/0206-4952-2020-41-1-54-63 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shilovskiy I., Dyneva M., Kurbacheva O. et al. The role of interleukin-37 in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Acta Naturae. 2019; 11 (4): 54–64. DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-54-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shilovskiy I., Dyneva M., Kurbacheva O. et al. The role of interleukin-37 in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Acta Naturae. 2019; 11 (4): 54–64. DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-54-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fokkens W., Lund V., Bachert C. et al. EUFOREA consensus on biologics for CRSwNP with or without asthma. Allergy. 2019; 74 (12): 2312–2319. DOI: 10.1111/all.13875.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fokkens W., Lund V., Bachert C. et al. EUFOREA consensus on biologics for CRSwNP with or without asthma. Allergy. 2019; 74 (12): 2312–2319. DOI: 10.1111/all.13875.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soler Z., Mace J., Litvack J. et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis, race, and ethnicity. Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy. 2012; 26 (2): 110–116. DOI: 10.2500/AJRA.2012.26.3741.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soler Z., Mace J., Litvack J. et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis, race, and ethnicity. Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy. 2012; 26 (2): 110–116. DOI: 10.2500/AJRA.2012.26.3741.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamilos D.L. Chronic rhinosinusitis: epidemiology and medical management. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2011; 128 (4): 693–707. DOI: 10.1016/J.JACI.2011.08.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamilos D.L. Chronic rhinosinusitis: epidemiology and medical management. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2011; 128 (4): 693–707. DOI: 10.1016/J.JACI.2011.08.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khalmuratova R., Park J.W., Shin H.W. Immune cell responses and mucosal barrier disruptions in chronic rhinosinusitis. Immune Netw. 2017; 17 (1): 60–67. DOI: 10.4110/IN.2017.17.1.60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khalmuratova R., Park J.W., Shin H.W. Immune cell responses and mucosal barrier disruptions in chronic rhinosinusitis. Immune Netw. 2017; 17 (1): 60–67. DOI: 10.4110/IN.2017.17.1.60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вознесенский Н.А., Княжеская Н.П. Полипозный риносинусит и бронхиальная астма: взгляд пульмонолога. Практическая пульмонология. 2005; (2): 32–36. Доступно на: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/polipoznyy-rinosinusit-i-bronhialnaya-astma-vzglyad-pulmonologa?ysclid=ll0l9kq0r5261804114</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voznesenskiy N.A., Knyazheskaya N.P. [Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and bronchial asthma: a pulmonologist's view]. Prakticheskaya pul'monologiya. 2005; (2): 32–36. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/polipoznyy-rinosinusit-i-bronhialnaya-astma-vzglyad-pulmonologa?ysclid=ll0l9kq0r5261804114 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савлевич Е.Л., Курбачева О.М., Егоров В.И. и др. Уровень экспрессии генов цитокинов при разных фенотипах полипозного риносинусита. Вестник оториноларингологии. 2019; 84 (6): 42–47. DOI: 10.17116/otorino20198406142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savlevich E.L., Kurbacheva O.M., Egorov V.I. et al. [Gene expression levels of cytokines in different phenotypes of CRSwNP]. Vestnik otorinolaringologii. 2019; 84 (6): 42–47. DOI: 10.17116/otorino20198406142 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agache I., Akdis C., Akdis M. et al. EAACI biologicals guidelines – recommendations for severe asthma. Allergy. 2021; 76 (1): 14–44. DOI: 10.1111/ALL.14425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agache I., Akdis C., Akdis M. et al. EAACI biologicals guidelines – recommendations for severe asthma. Allergy. 2021; 76 (1): 14–44. DOI: 10.1111/ALL.14425.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agache I., Song Y., Alonso-Coello P. et al. Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a systematic review for the EAACI guidelines. Allergy. 2021; 76 (8): 2337–2353. DOI: 10.1111/ALL.14809.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agache I., Song Y., Alonso-Coello P. et al. Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a systematic review for the EAACI guidelines. Allergy. 2021; 76 (8): 2337–2353. DOI: 10.1111/ALL.14809.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hopkins C., Gillett S., Slack R. et al. Psychometric validity of the 22-item sinonasal outcome test. Clin. Otolaryngol. 2009; 34 (5): 447–454. DOI: 10.1111/J.1749-4486.2009.01995.X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hopkins C., Gillett S., Slack R. et al. Psychometric validity of the 22-item sinonasal outcome test. Clin. Otolaryngol. 2009; 34 (5): 447–454. DOI: 10.1111/J.1749-4486.2009.01995.X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu W., Ma X., Zhou W. Adverse events of benralizumab in moderate to severe eosinophilic asthma: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019; 98 (22): e15868. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000015868.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu W., Ma X., Zhou W. Adverse events of benralizumab in moderate to severe eosinophilic asthma: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019; 98 (22): e15868. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000015868.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bachert C., Han J., Desrosiers M. et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (LIBERTY NP SINUS-24 and LIBERTY NP SINUS-52): results from two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2019; 394 (10209): 1638–1650. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31881-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bachert C., Han J., Desrosiers M. et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (LIBERTY NP SINUS-24 and LIBERTY NP SINUS-52): results from two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2019; 394 (10209): 1638–1650. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31881-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bachert C., Han J., Desrosiers M. et al. Efficacy and safety of benralizumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2022; 149 (4): 1309–1317.e12. DOI: 10.1016/J.JACI.2021.08.030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bachert C., Han J., Desrosiers M. et al. Efficacy and safety of benralizumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2022; 149 (4): 1309–1317.e12. DOI: 10.1016/J.JACI.2021.08.030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harrison T., Chanez P., Menzella F. et al. Onset of effect and impact on health-related quality of life, exacerbation rate, lung function, and nasal polyposis symptoms for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab (ANDHI): a randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 2021; 9 (3): 260–274. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30414-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harrison T., Chanez P., Menzella F. et al. Onset of effect and impact on health-related quality of life, exacerbation rate, lung function, and nasal polyposis symptoms for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab (ANDHI): a randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 2021; 9 (3): 260–274. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30414-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han J., Bachert C., Fokkens W. et al. Mepolizumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (SYNAPSE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 2021; 9 (10): 1141–1153. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00097-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han J., Bachert C., Fokkens W. et al. Mepolizumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (SYNAPSE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 2021; 9 (10): 1141–1153. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00097-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chupp G., Bradford E., Albers F. et al. Efficacy of mepolizumab add-on therapy on health-related quality of life and markers of asthma control in severe eosinophilic asthma (MUSCA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre, phase 3b trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 2017; 5 (5): 390–400. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30125-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chupp G., Bradford E., Albers F. et al. Efficacy of mepolizumab add-on therapy on health-related quality of life and markers of asthma control in severe eosinophilic asthma (MUSCA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre, phase 3b trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 2017; 5 (5): 390–400. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30125-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gevaert P., Omachi T., Corren J. et al. Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in nasal polyposis: 2 randomized phase 3 trials. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2020; 146 (3): 595–605. DOI: 10.1016/J.JACI.2020.05.032.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gevaert P., Omachi T., Corren J. et al. Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in nasal polyposis: 2 randomized phase 3 trials. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2020; 146 (3): 595–605. DOI: 10.1016/J.JACI.2020.05.032.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oykhman P., Paramo F., Bousquet J. et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies and aspirin desensitization for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2022; 149 (4): 1286–1295. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oykhman P., Paramo F., Bousquet J. et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies and aspirin desensitization for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2022; 149 (4): 1286–1295. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varricchi G., Ferri S., Pepys J.et al. Biologics and airway remodeling in severe asthma. Allergy. 2022; 77 (12): 3538–3552. DOI: 10.1111/ALL.15473.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varricchi G., Ferri S., Pepys J.et al. Biologics and airway remodeling in severe asthma. Allergy. 2022; 77 (12): 3538–3552. DOI: 10.1111/ALL.15473.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riccio A., Dal Negro R., Micheletto C. et al. Omalizumab modulates bronchial reticular basement membrane thickness and eosinophil infiltration in severe persistent allergic asthma patients. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 2012; 25 (2): 475–484. DOI: 10.1177/03946320120250021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riccio A., Dal Negro R., Micheletto C. et al. Omalizumab modulates bronchial reticular basement membrane thickness and eosinophil infiltration in severe persistent allergic asthma patients. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 2012; 25 (2): 475–484. DOI: 10.1177/03946320120250021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zastrzeżyńska W., Przybyszowski M., Bazan-Socha S. et al. Omalizumab may decrease the thickness of the reticular basement membrane and fibronectin deposit in the bronchial mucosa of severe allergic asthmatics. J. Asthma. 2019; 57 (5): 468–477. DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1585872.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zastrzeżyńska W., Przybyszowski M., Bazan-Socha S. et al. Omalizumab may decrease the thickness of the reticular basement membrane and fibronectin deposit in the bronchial mucosa of severe allergic asthmatics. J. Asthma. 2019; 57 (5): 468–477. DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1585872.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roth M., Zhao F., Zhong J. et al. Serum IgE induced airway smooth muscle cell remodeling is independent of allergens and Is prevented by Omalizumab. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (9): e0136549. DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0136549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roth M., Zhao F., Zhong J. et al. Serum IgE induced airway smooth muscle cell remodeling is independent of allergens and Is prevented by Omalizumab. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (9): e0136549. DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0136549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flood-Page P., Menzies-Gow A., Phipps S. et al. Anti-IL-5 treatment reduces deposition of ECM proteins in the bronchial subepithelial basement membrane of mild atopic asthmatics. J. Clin. Invest. 2003; 112 (7): 1029–1036. DOI: 10.1172/JCI17974.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flood-Page P., Menzies-Gow A., Phipps S. et al. Anti-IL-5 treatment reduces deposition of ECM proteins in the bronchial subepithelial basement membrane of mild atopic asthmatics. J. Clin. Invest. 2003; 112 (7): 1029–1036. DOI: 10.1172/JCI17974.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chachi L., Diver S., Kaul H. et al. Computational modelling prediction and clinical validation of impact of benralizumab on airway smooth muscle mass in asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 2019; 54 (5): 1900930. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00930-2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chachi L., Diver S., Kaul H. et al. Computational modelling prediction and clinical validation of impact of benralizumab on airway smooth muscle mass in asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 2019; 54 (5): 1900930. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00930-2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
