<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2023-33-2-251-258</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4231</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАМЕТКИ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL NOTES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Редкий вариант первичной цилиарной дискинезии в сочетании с наследственной геморрагической телеангиэктазией 1-го типа: клиническое наблюдение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A rare variant of primary ciliary dyskinesia in combination with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1: a case from practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2324-2454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатоха</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatokha</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шатоха Полина Александровна - научный сотрудник отдела хронических воспалительных и аллергических болезней легких.</p><p>125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, 2; тел: (499) 487-90-20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina A. Shatokha - Researcher, Department of Chronic Inflammatory and Allergic Lung Diseases.</p><p>Ul. Taldomskaya 2, Moscow, 125412; tel.: (499) 487-90-20</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bakpolinka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-2215</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новак</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novak</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новак Андрей Александрович - научный сотрудник отдела хронических воспалительных и аллергических болезней легких.</p><p>125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, 2; тел: (499) 487-90-20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Novak - Researcher, Department of Chronic Inflammatory and Allergic Lung Diseases.</p><p>Ul. Taldomskaya 2, Moscow, 125412; tel.: (499) 487-90-20</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drnovakaa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-1418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шудуева</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shudueva</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шудуева Амина Руслановна — младший научный сотрудник отдела хронических воспалительных и аллергических болезней легких.</p><p>125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, 2; тел: (499) 487-90-20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amina R. Shudueva - Junior Researcher, Department of Chronic Inflammatory and Allergic Lung Diseases.</p><p>Ul. Taldomskaya 2, Moscow, 125412; tel.: (499) 487-90-20</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shuduevadoc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0740-1718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мизерницкий</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mizernitskiy</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мизерницкий Юрий Леонидович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделом хронических воспалительных и аллергических болезней легких.</p><p>125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, 2; тел: (499) 487-90-20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury L. Mizernitskiy - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Chronic Inflammatory and Allergic Lung Diseases.</p><p>Ul. Taldomskaya 2, Moscow, 125412; tel.: (499) 487-90-20</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yulmiz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-3240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грознова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Groznova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грознова Ольга Сергеевна — доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник отдела детской кардиологии и аритмологии.</p><p>125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, 2; тел: (495) 109-60-03</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Groznova - Doctor of Medicine, Chief Researcher, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmology.</p><p>Ul. Taldomskaya 2, Moscow, 125412; tel.: (495) 109-60-03</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ogroznova@pedklin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Обособленное структурное подразделение «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева» Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>251</fpage><lpage>258</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шатоха П.А., Новак А.А., Шудуева А.Р., Мизерницкий Ю.Л., Грознова О.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шатоха П.А., Новак А.А., Шудуева А.Р., Мизерницкий Ю.Л., Грознова О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shatokha P.A., Novak A.A., Shudueva A.R., Mizernitskiy Y.L., Groznova O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4231">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4231</self-uri><abstract><p>Первичная цилиарная дискинезия (ПЦД) — редкое генетически детерминированное заболевание из группы цилиопатий, основу которого составляет дефект ультраструктуры ресничек эпителия респираторного тракта и аналогичных им структур (жгутики сперматозоидов, ворсины фаллопиевых труб, эпендимы желудочков и др.), в результате которого нарушаются их двигательные функции. В настоящий момент выделяются различные клинико-генетические варианты заболевания, что позволяет повысить эффективность проводимого динамического обследования и лечения.</p><p>Целью работы явилось описание собственного клинического наблюдения за пациенткой с выявленным редким вариантом ПЦД в сочетании с мутацией в гене ENG, ответственном за формирование наследственной геморрагической телеангиэктазии (НГТ) 1-го типа, которая также является редким наследственным заболеванием, проявляющимся различными сосудистыми дисплазиями, в т. ч. артериовенозными мальформациями в легких, что может существенно ухудшать течение заболевания и быть предиктором неблагоприятного исхода.</p><p>Заключение. По данным клинического наблюдения продемонстрировано сочетание двух редких генетических заболеваний у ребенка. Уникальность случая состоит также в том, что выявленная редкая мутация в гене DRC1, отвечающая за формирование ПЦД, не сопровождается потерей подвижности ресничек мерцательного эпителия, что является фактором, еще более затрудняющим диагностику.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disease belonging to the group of ciliopathies. The disease develops because a defect in the ultrastructure of the epithelial cilia in the respiratory tract and similar structures (sperm flagella, villi of the fallopian tubes, ventricular ependyma, etc.) disturbs their motor function. Currently, various clinical and genetic variants of the disease are distinguished, increasing the effectiveness of dynamic examination and treatment.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. In this article, we describe a patient with a rare variant of PCD that we identified in combination with a mutation in the ENG gene responsible for the development of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 (HHT-1). HHT-1 is a rare hereditary disease that manifests as various vascular dysplasias, including arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in the lungs, which can significantly worsen the course of the disease and be a predictor of an unfavorable outcome.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The presented case demonstrates a combination of two rare genetic diseases in a child. The uniqueness of the case also lies in the fact that the identified rare mutation in the DRC1 gene responsible for the development of PCD is not associated with a loss of motility of the cilia of the ciliated epithelium, which makes the testing and the correct diagnosis even more difficult.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>первичная цилиарная дискинезия</kwd><kwd>наследственная геморрагическая телеангэктазия (тип 1)</kwd><kwd>болезнь Рандю-Ослера-Вебера</kwd><kwd>артериовенозная мальформация</kwd><kwd>DRC1</kwd><kwd>ENG</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>primary ciliary dyskinesia</kwd><kwd>hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (type 1)</kwd><kwd>Randu - Osler - Weber disease</kwd><kwd>arteriovenous malformation</kwd><kwd>DRC1</kwd><kwd>ENG</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Спонсорская и финансовая поддержка исследования отсутствовала</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was not sponsored</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новак А.А., Мизерницкий Ю.Л. Первичная цилиарная дискинезия: состояние проблемы и перспективы. Медицинский совет. 2021; (1): 276-285. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2021-1-276-285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novak A.A., Mizernitskiy Yu.L. [Primary ciliary dyskinesia: state of the problem and prospects]. Meditsinskiy sovet. 2021; (1): 276-285. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2021-1-276-285 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bequignon E., Dupuy L., Zerah-Lancner F. et al. Critical evaluation of sinonasal disease in 64 adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia. J. Clin. Med. 2019; 8 (5): 619. DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050619.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bequignon E., Dupuy L., Zerah-Lancner F. et al. Critical evaluation of sinonasal disease in 64 adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia. J. Clin. Med. 2019; 8 (5): 619. DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050619.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bush A., Hogg C. Primary ciliary dyskinesia: recent advances in epidemiology, diagnosis, management and relationship with the expanding spectrum of ciliopathy. Expert Rev. Respir. Med. 2012; 6 (6): 663-682. DOI: 10.1586/ers.12.60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bush A., Hogg C. Primary ciliary dyskinesia: recent advances in epidemiology, diagnosis, management and relationship with the expanding spectrum of ciliopathy. Expert Rev. Respir. Med. 2012; 6 (6): 663-682. DOI: 10.1586/ers.12.60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fliegauf M., Olbrich H., Horvath J. et al. Mislocalization of DNAH5 and DNAH9 in respiratory cells from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 171 (12): 1343-1349. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200411-1583OC.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fliegauf M., Olbrich H., Horvath J. et al. Mislocalization of DNAH5 and DNAH9 in respiratory cells from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 171 (12): 1343-1349. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200411-1583OC.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fretzayas A., Moustaki M. Etiology and clinical features of viral bronchiolitis in infancy. World J. Pediatr. 2017; 13 (4): 293-299. DOI: 10.1007/s12519-017-0031-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fretzayas A., Moustaki M. Etiology and clinical features of viral bronchiolitis in infancy. World J. Pediatr. 2017; 13 (4): 293-299. DOI: 10.1007/s12519-017-0031-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Раджабова Г.М., Смирнова А.В., Князева А.А. и др. Клиническая значимость молекулярно-генетических подходов на основе технологий NGS в выборке пациентов с первичной цилиарной дискинезией. Медицинская генетика. 2022; 21 (10): 38-42. DOI: 10.25557/2073-7998.2022.10.38-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radzhabova G.M., Smirnova A.V., Knyazeva A.A. et al. [Clinical significance of molecular genetic approaches based on NGS technologies in a sample of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia]. Meditsinskaya genetika. 2022; 21 (10): 38-42. DIO: 10.25557/2073-7998.2022.10.38-42 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новак А.А., Мизерницкий Ю.Л. Клинико-генетические варианты первичной цилиарной дискинезии у детей. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2023; 68: (1): 39-46. DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2023-68-1-39-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novak A.A., Mizernitskiy Yu.L. [Clinical and genetic spectrum of primary ciliary dyskinesia in children]. Rossiyskiy vestnik perinatologii ipediatrii. 2023; 68 (1): 39-46. DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2023-68-1-39-38 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wirschell M., Olbrich H., Werner C. et al. The nexin-dynein regulatory complex subunit DRC1 is essential for motile cilia function in algae and humans. Nat. Genet. 2013; 45 (3): 262-268. DOI: 10.1038/ng.2533.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wirschell M., Olbrich H., Werner C. et al. The nexin-dynein regulatory complex subunit DRC1 is essential for motile cilia function in algae and humans. Nat. Genet. 2013; 45 (3): 262-268. DOI: 10.1038/ng.2533.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмина Т.Н., Новак А.А, Мизерницкий Ю.Л. Особенности функций внешнего дыхания у пациентов с различными клинико-генетическими вариантами первичной цилиарной дискинезии. Пульмонология детского возраста: проблемы и решения. 2022; (22): 34-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuz’mina T.N., Novak A.A, Mizernitskiy Yu.L. [Features of external respiration in patients with clinical and genetic variants of ciliary dyskinesia]. Pul’monologiya detskogo vozrasta:problemy i resheniya. 2022; (22): 34-36 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новак А.А., Мизерницкий Ю.Л. Клинико-генетические варианты первичной цилиарной дискинезии у детей. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2022; 67 (4): 307. DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-congress-2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novak A.A., Mizernitskiy Yu.L. [Clinical and genetic variants of primary ciliary dyskinesia in children]. Rossiyskiy vestnik perinatologii i pediatrii. 2022; 67 (4): 307. DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-congress-2022 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maori A., Wilson A.M., Shafaat O., Sharma S. Osler-Weber-Rendu disease. Updated: August 8, 2022. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482361/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macri A., Wilson A.M., Shafaat O., Sharma S. Osler-Weber-Rendu disease. Updated: August 8, 2022. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482361/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мизерницкий Ю.Л., Соколова Л.В. Поражения легких при болезни Рендю-Ослера-Вебера. В кн.: Розинова Н.Н., Мизерницкий Ю.Л. Орфанные заболевания легких у детей. М.: Мед-практика-М; 2015: 187-189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mizernitskiy Yu.L., Sokolova L.V. [Lung lesions in Rendu-Osler-We-ber disease]. In: Rozinova N.N., Mizernitskiy Yu.L. [Orphan lung diseases in children]. Moscow: Medpraktika-M; 2015: 187-189 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Westermann C.J., Rosina A.F., De Vries V., De Coteau P.A. The prevalence and manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in the Afro-Caribbean population of the Netherlands Antilles: a family screening. Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 2003; 116A (4): 324-328. DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Westermann C.J., Rosina A.F., De Vries V., De Coteau P.A. The prevalence and manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in the Afro-Caribbean population of the Netherlands Antilles: a family screening. Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 2003; 116A (4): 324-328. DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackson S.B., Villano N.P., Benhammou J.N. et al. Gastrointestinal manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT): a systematic review of the literature. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2017; 62 (10): 2623-2630. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4719-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jackson S.B., Villano N.P., Benhammou J.N. et al. Gastrointestinal manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT): a systematic review of the literature. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2017; 62 (10): 2623-2630. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4719-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgan T., McDonald J., Anderson C. et al. Intracranial hemorrhage in infants and children with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome). Pediatrics. 2002; 109 (1): e12. DOI: 10.1542/peds.109.1.e12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgan T., McDonald J., Anderson C. et al. Intracranial hemorrhage in infants and children with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome). Pediatrics. 2002; 109 (1): e12. DOI: 10.1542/peds.109.1.e12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Byard R.W., Schliebs J., Koszyca B.A. Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome-pathological manifestations and autopsy considerations. J. Forensic Sci. 2001; 46 (3): 698-701. DOI: 10.1520/JFS15025J.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Byard R.W., Schliebs J., Koszyca B.A. Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome-pathological manifestations and autopsy considerations. J. Forensic Sci. 2001; 46 (3): 698-701. DOI: 10.1520/JFS15025J.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shovlin C.L., Jackson J.E., Bamford K.B. et al. Primary determinants of ischaemic stroke/brain abscess risks are independent of severity of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Thorax. 2008; 63 (3): 259-266. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2007.087452.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shovlin C.L., Jackson J.E., Bamford K.B. et al. Primary determinants of ischaemic stroke/brain abscess risks are independent of severity of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Thorax. 2008; 63 (3): 259-266. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2007.087452.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poisson A., Vasdev A., Brunelle F. et al. Acute paraplegia due to spinal arteriovenous fistula in two patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Eur. J. Pediatr. 2009; 168 (2): 135-149. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-008-0863-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poisson A., Vasdev A., Brunelle F. et al. Acute paraplegia due to spinal arteriovenous fistula in two patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Eur. J. Pediatr. 2009; 168 (2): 135-149. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-008-0863-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robert F., Desroches-Castan A., Bailly S. et al. Future treatments for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 2020; 15 (1): 4. DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1281-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robert F., Desroches-Castan A., Bailly S. et al. Future treatments for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 2020; 15 (1): 4. DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1281-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
