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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2022-32-4-616-625</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4141</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Респираторные вирусные инфекции, SARS-CoV-2 и хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Respiratory viral infections, SARS-СoV-2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1904-1497</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зарянова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaryanova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зарянова Елена Алексеевна – к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник отдела клинических исследований</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28</p><p>тел.: (495) 395-63-93</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Zaryanova, Candidate of Medicine, senior researcher of the Clinical Research Department</p><p>Orehovyy bul’var 28, Moscow, 115682</p><p>tel.: (495) 395-63-93</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0284-7438</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>Г. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>G. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осипова Галина Леонидовна – д. м. н., профессор образовательного центра, заведующая отделом клинических исследований</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28</p><p>тел.: (495) 395-63-93</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina L. Osipova, Doctor of Medicine, Professor of the Educational Center, Head of the Clinical Research Department</p><p>Orehovyy bul’var 28, Moscow, 115682</p><p>tel.: (495) 395-63-93</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-0918</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осипова Вероника Вячеславовна – к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник отдела клинических исследований</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28</p><p>тел.: (916) 815-03-09</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veronika V. Osipova, Candidate of Medicine, senior researcher of the Clinical Research Department</p><p>Orehovyy bul’var 28, Moscow, 115682</p><p>tel.: (916) 815-03-09</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>616</fpage><lpage>625</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зарянова Е.А., Осипова Г.Л., Осипова В.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зарянова Е.А., Осипова Г.Л., Осипова В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaryanova E.A., Osipova G.L., Osipova V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4141">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4141</self-uri><abstract><p>Дальнейшее изучение особенностей распространения, патогенеза вирусной инфекции, роли респираторных вирусов в формировании и обострении хронических легочных заболеваний позволит разработать новые методы защиты, создать современные фармацевтические подходы для лечения и профилактики COronaVIrus Disease-2019 (COVID-19).</p><p>Целью работы явились изучение и оценка механизмов, особенностей патогенеза, клинической картины респираторных вирусных инфекций, включая Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Для этого проведен аналитический обзор научной литературы баз данных PubMed, Google Scholar, medRxiv, bioRxiv.</p><p>Заключение. Понимание специфических механизмов развития иммунного ответа организма-хозяина на респираторные вирусы позволяет выяснить особенности течения новой коронавирусной инфекции, в т. ч. у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ), т. к. инфекции дыхательных путей тесно связаны с формированием и обострением ХОБЛ. Респираторные вирусы вызывают активацию иммунных реакций и усугубляют основное воспаление при ХОБЛ. SARS-СoV-2 приводит к дизрегуляции иммунного ответа, а в тяжелых случаях – гиперактивному иммунному ответу, вызывающему развитие «цитокинового шторма» и острого респираторного синдрома. В отличие от сезонных респираторных вирусов, SARS-СoV-2 циркулирует в течение года и может являться источником частых и тяжелых обострений у больных ХОБЛ, при которых требуется дальнейшее наблюдение.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Further study of the distribution, pathogenesis of viral infection, the role of respiratory viruses in the formation and exacerbation of chronic lung diseases will allow the development of new methods of protection, the creation of modern pharmaceutical approaches for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.</p><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim. The article presents an analytical review of the scientific literature in PubMed, Google Scholar, medRxiv, bioRxiv which was conducted to study and evaluate the mechanisms, pathogenesis, and clinical picture of respiratory viral infections, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-СoV-2).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Understanding the specific mechanisms of the development of the host’s immune response to respiratory viruses allows a better understanding of the course of a new coronavirus infection, including in patients with COPD, since respiratory tract infections are closely associated with the formation and exacerbation of COPD. Respiratory viruses activate immune responses and exacerbate underlying inflammation in COPD. SARS-СoV-2 leads to a dysregulated immune response and, in severe cases, an overactive immune response, causing the development of a cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Unlike seasonal respiratory viruses, SARS-СoV-2 circulates throughout the year and can be a source of frequent and severe exacerbations in patients with COPD which require further monitoring and research.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>респираторные вирусы</kwd><kwd>SARS-СoV-2</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>respiratory viruses</kwd><kwd>SARS-СoV-2</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd><kwd>COPD</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao S., Lin Q., Ran J. et al. Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2020; 92: 214–217. 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