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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2022-32-4-599-607</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4139</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сложности дифференциальной диагностики дисфункции вокальных хорд и бронхиальной астмы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Difficulties in differential diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction and asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-4480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глотов</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glotov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глотов Сергей Иванович – к. м. н., доцент кафедры факультетской терапии с курсом терапии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования</p><p>390026, Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 9</p><p>тел.: (4912) 97-19-37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei I. Glotov, Candidate of Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of faculty therapy with course of therapy of the faculty of additional postgraduate education</p><p>ul. Vysokovoltnaya 9, Ryazan′, 390026</p><p>tel.: (4912) 97-19-37</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-4634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бхар</surname><given-names>М. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bhar</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бхар Фарес Мохамед – аспирант кафедры факультетской терапии с курсом терапии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования</p><p>390026, Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 9</p><p>тел.: (4912) 97-19-37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fares M. Bhar – Postgraduate student, Department of faculty therapy with a course of therapy, Faculty of additional professional education</p><p>ul. Vysokovoltnaya 9, Ryazan′, 390026</p><p>tel.: (4912) 97-19-37</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fares.bhar@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8693-4696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Урясьев</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Урясьев Олег Михайлович – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии с курсом терапии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования</p><p>390026, Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 9</p><p>тел.: (4912) 97-18-02</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina B. Ponomareva, Candidate of Medicine, associate Professor, Department of faculty therapy with course of therapy, Faculty of additional postgraduate education</p><p>ul. Vysokovoltnaya 9, Ryazan′, 390026</p><p>tel.: (4912) 97-19-37</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0273-4388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uryasev</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономарева Ирина Борисовна – к. м. н., доцент кафедры факультетской терапии с курсом терапии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования</p><p>390026, Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 9</p><p>тел.: (4912) 97-19-37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg M. Uryasev, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, head of Department of faculty therapy with course of therapy, Faculty of additional postgraduate education</p><p>ul. Vysokovoltnaya 9, Ryazan′, 390026</p><p>tel.: (4912) 97-18-02</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">docib@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-7932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жукова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жукова Лидия Анатольевна – к. м. н., доцент, доцент кафедры факультетской терапии с курсом терапии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования</p><p>390026, Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 9</p><p>тел.: (4912) 97-19-37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lidiya A. Zhukova, Candidate of Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of faculty therapy with course of therapy, Faculty of additional postgraduate education, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education</p><p>ul. Vysokovoltnaya 9, Ryazan′, 390026</p><p>tel.: (4912) 97-19-37</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Lidiyazhukova1949@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Рязанский государственный медицинский университет  имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I. P. Pavlov, Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>599</fpage><lpage>607</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Глотов С.И., Бхар М.Ф., Урясьев О.М., Пономарева И.Б., Жукова Л.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глотов С.И., Бхар М.Ф., Урясьев О.М., Пономарева И.Б., Жукова Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glotov S.I., Bhar F.M., Ponomareva I.B., Uryasev O.M., Zhukova L.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4139">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4139</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования явилась дифференциальная диагностика дисфункции вокальных хорд (ДВХ) и бронхиальной астмы (БА).</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследованы пациенты (n = 105) с частично контролируемой БА, у которых применялись специфические методы обследования на ДВХ – психологические опросники и анкеты мониторинга симптомов при ДВХ, трансназальная оптическая ларингоскопия, традиционная и электронная аускультация легких с анализом амплитудно-частотных характеристик (АЧХ) хрипов на грудной клетке и в области гортани слева и справа. Проводилась спирометрия при помощи спирометра Vitalograph ALPHA (Англия). Пациенты были разделены на 3 группы: 1-я – пациенты с БА; 2-я – больные БА с ДВХ (синдром «астма плюс»); 3-я – лица с ДВХ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При традиционной аускультации у больных 1-й группы выслушивались хрипы над легкими с уменьшением их интенсивности на поверхности шеи; максимум выслушивания хрипов у пациентов 2-й и 3-й групп – передняя поверхность шеи с уменьшением их интенсивности над легкими. При электронной аускультации у больных 1-й группы выслушивались среднетональные хрипы над легкими и гортанью, 2-й и 3-й групп – высокотональные хрипы – над гортанью и среднетональные – над легкими. Наибольшая выраженность одышки по шкале Борга – 4,8 (5,2–6,5) балла отмечена у пациентов группы «астма плюс», наименьшая – 4,2 (3,7–4,9) балла – у пациентов 1-й группы; максимальное ощущение свистящего дыхания при ДВХ – 7,1 (6,5–7,9) балла. Выявлена прямая сильная корреляционная зависимость показателей опросников симптомов ДВХ и степени интенсивности хрипов, одышки и АЧХ хрипов. Близкие к нормальным показатели спирометрии отмечены при ДВХ. Обструктивные нарушения выявлены у пациентов 1-й и 2-й групп. При трансназальной ларингоскопии у больных 2-й и 3-й групп продемонстрировано парадоксальное движение голосовых связок во время вдоха. Триггеры эпизодов ДВХ у обследуемых многочисленны, преобладали голосовые нагрузки. При специфическом лечении ДВХ у больных 2-й и 3-й групп заметно улучшились респираторные показатели.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Продемонстрировано, что для установления первичного диагноза БА необходимо обследование на наличие ДВХ. Актуально использование психологических опросников и анкет по диагностике ДВХ. Отмечено, что в процессе диагностики важно применять электронную аускультацию над гортанью, а коррекция лечения с учетом наличия ДВХ у пациентов с БА позволяет значительно снизить дозы ингаляционных и пероральных глюкокортикостероидов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Differential diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) and asthma.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. 105 patients with partially controlled asthma were examined. We used specific examinations for VCD: psychological scales , questionnaires for monitoring symptoms of VCD, transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy, conventional and electronic lung auscultation with the analysis of the amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) of wheezing in the chest and in the region of the larynx on the left and right. Spirometry was performed using Vitalograph ALPHA spirometer (England). The patients were divided into three groups: group 1 included patients with asthma; group 2 included patients with asthma and VCD (asthma-plus syndrome); group 3 included patients with VCD.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Conventional auscultation revealed wheezing over the lungs with a decrease in its intensity on the neck surface in group 1. In groups 2 and 3, the maximal wheezing was observed on the anterior surface of the neck and less intense wheezing was heard over the lungs. Electronic auscultation found mid-tonal wheezing over the lungs and over the larynx in group 1; high-pitched wheezing over the larynx and mid-tonal wheezing over the lungs in groups 2 and 3. Score of dyspnea according to the Borg scale was highest in the asthma-plus group – 4,8 (5,2 – 6,5) points, and lowest in the 1st group – 4,2 (3,7 – 4,9) points. The sensation of wheezing is maximal in VCD – 7,1 (6,5 – 7,9) points. The scores of symptoms of VCD were strongly correlated with the intensity of wheezing, dyspnea, and AFC of wheezing. Spirometry was close to normal in the group of patients with VCD; obstructive disorders were noted in groups 1 and 2. Transnasal laryngoscopy demonstrated paradoxical movement of the vocal cords during inspiration in groups 2 and 3. The triggers of episodes of VCD in the subjects were numerous; vocal loads predominated. Specific treatment of VCD in groups 2 and 3 improved the respiratory performance significantly.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The primary diagnosis of asthma cannot be made without an examination for VCD. Psychological questionnaires and VCD questionnaires should be used. It is important to use electronic auscultation over the larynx for diagnosis. Correction of treatment in accordance with VCD in patients with asthma can significantly reduce the doses of inhaled and oral corticosteroids.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дисфункция вокальных хорд</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>синдром «астма плюс»</kwd><kwd>свистящие хрипы</kwd><kwd>спирометрия</kwd><kwd>электронная аускультация</kwd><kwd>трансназальная оптическая ларингоскопия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vocal cord dysfunction</kwd><kwd>asthma</kwd><kwd>asthma-plus syndrome</kwd><kwd>wheezing</kwd><kwd>spirometry</kwd><kwd>electronic auscultation</kwd><kwd>transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Финансирование исследования осуществлялось за счет бюджета Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П.Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Коллектив авторов благодарит за помощь в проведении трансназальной оптической ларингоскопии доцента кафедры хирургической стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии с курсом ЛОР-болезней Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П.Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Ларису Николаевну Старкову.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was financed from the budget of Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I.P.Pavlov, Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation. The authors would like to thank Larisa N. Starkovа, Associate Professor of the Department of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery with the Course of ENT Diseases of the Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for assistance in conducting transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Initiative for Asthma. 2019 GINA report: Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/reports/2019-gina-report-global-strategy-for-asthma-management-and-prevention/ [Accessed: May 11, 2020].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Initiative for Asthma. 2019 GINA report: Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. 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