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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2023-33-1-17-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-4123</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль тучных клеток и их протеаз в поражении легких  у пациентов с COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of mast cells and their proteases in lung damage associated with COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-2746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будневский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budnevsky</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Будневский Андрей Валериевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии.</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10; тел.: (473) 263-81-30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Budnevsky - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Faculty Therapy.</p><p>Studencheskaya 10, Voronezh, 394622; tel.: (473) 263-81-30</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">budnev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-2150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Сергей Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик Российской академии наук, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В.Склифосовского.</p><p>119991, Москва,  ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; тел.: (495) 708-35-76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Avdeev - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Pulmonology, N.V.Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine.</p><p>Ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991; tel.: (495) 708-35-76</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_avdeev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8545-6255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овсянников</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovsyannikov</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Овсянников Евгений Сергеевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии.</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10; тел.: (473) 263-81-30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy S. Ovsyannikov - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of Faculty Therapy</p><p>Studencheskaya 10, Voronezh, 394622; tel.: (473) 263-81-30</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ovses@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-4578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шишкина Виктория Викторовна – кандидат медицинских наук, директор Научно-исследовательского института экспериментальной биологии и медицины, доцент кафедры гистологии.</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10; тел.: (473) 243-76-88</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoria V. Shishkina - Candidate of Medicine, Director of the Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Histology.</p><p>Studencheskaya 10, Voronezh, 394622; tel.: (473) 243-76-88</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">4128069@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6148-8834</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Есауленко</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esaulenko</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Есауленко Дмитрий Игоревич – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского института экспериментальной биологии и медицины.</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10; тел.: (473) 243-76-88</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry I. Esaulenko - Candidate of Medicine, Senior Researcher, Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine.</p><p>Studencheskaya 10, Voronezh, 394622; tel.: (473) 243-76-88</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">desaulenko79@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1670-3694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филин Андрей Анатольевич – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой патологической анатомии.</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10; тел. (473) 253-98-51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Filin - Candidate of Medicine, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy.</p><p>Studencheskaya 10, Voronezh, 394622; tel.: (473) 253-98-51</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">filinan@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6988-1369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савушкина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savushkina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савушкина Инесса Алексеевна – ассистент кафедры факультетской терапии.</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10; тел.: (473) 263-81-30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inessa A. Savushkina - Assistant, Department of Faculty Therapy.</p><p>Studencheskaya 10, Voronezh, 394622; tel.: (473) 263-81-30</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savushkinainessa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5712-9302</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первеева</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perveeva</surname><given-names>Inna M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Первеева Инна Михайловна – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-пульмонолог.</p><p>394066, Воронеж, Московский  проспект, 151; тел. (473) 257-96-22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna M. Perveeva - Candidate of Medicine, Pulmonologist, Budgetary healthcare institution of the Voronezh region.</p><p>Moskovskiy prosp. 151, Voronezh, 394066; tel.: (473) 257-96-22</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">perveeva.inna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3357-9384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Надежда Геннадиевна – клинический ординатор кафедры факультетской терапии.</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10; тел.: (473) 263-81-30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda G. Alekseeva - Clinical Resident, Department of Faculty Therapy.</p><p>Studencheskaya 10, Voronezh, 394622; tel.: (473) 263-81-30</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadya.alekseva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Budgetary Institution of Higher Professional Education Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N.Burdenko, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский  университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Воронежской области Воронежская областная клиническая больница № 1</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Budgetary healthcare institution of the Voronezh region Voronezh Regional Clinical Hospital No.1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Будневский А.В., Авдеев С.Н., Овсянников Е.С., Шишкина В.В., Есауленко Д.И., Филин А.А., Савушкина И.А., Первеева И.М., Алексеева Н.Г., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Будневский А.В., Авдеев С.Н., Овсянников Е.С., Шишкина В.В., Есауленко Д.И., Филин А.А., Савушкина И.А., Первеева И.М., Алексеева Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Budnevsky A.V., Avdeev S.N., Ovsyannikov E.S., Shishkina V.V., Esaulenko D.I., Filin A.A., Savushkina I.A., Perveeva I.M., Alekseeva N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4123">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/4123</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>          </title><p>          </p><p>В период пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (НКИ) COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019), вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related CoronaVirus 2), перед наукой и общественным здравоохранением поставлены сложные задачи. Проблема лечения COVID-19 по-прежнему актуальна, в связи с этим необходимо детально изучать патогенез COVID-19, в т. ч. участие в нем тучных клеток (ТК) и их специфических протеаз.</p><p>Целью исследования явилось уточнение роли протеаз ТК – химазы, триптазы и карбоксипептидазы А3 (CPA3) – в развитии поражения легких у пациентов с COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены образцы аутопсийного материала легких, полученные от пациентов (n = 30), умерших после COVID-19 тяжелого течения, и пациентов (n = 9) контрольной группы с последующей подготовкой гистологических препаратов, анализом протеазного профиля и дегрануляционной активности ТК. Также проводился анализ некоторых демографических и клинико-лабораторных показателей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У пациентов с COVID-19 среднее количество триптаза-позитивных ТК без признаков дегрануляции и общее количество CPA3позитивных ТК было статистически значимо выше, а фрагментов триптаза- и CPA3-позитивных ТК – ниже. Установлены отрицательные корреляционные связи между количеством триптаза-позитивных ТК и содержанием эритроцитов крови в общем анализе крови (ОАК). Установлена отрицательная корреляция количества недегранулирующих триптаза-позитивных ТК с содержанием гемоглобина по результатам ОАК. Установлены положительные корреляции триптаза-позитивных ТК с содержанием лейкоцитов и эозинофилов в ОАК и отрицательные – между количеством CPA3-позитивных клеток и содержанием тромбоцитов. Установлена прямая корреляция между количеством совместно прилежащих, а также фрагментов триптаза-позитивных ТК с показателем скорости оседания эритроцитов (СОЭ). Обнаружена отрицательная корреляция между количеством CPA3-позитивных ТК без признаков дегрануляции и уровнем С-реактивного белка крови. У пациентов с COVID-19 обнаружена сниженная дегрануляционная активность триптаза-позитивных ТК наряду с повышенным представительством CPA3-позитивных. Отмечены некоторые возрастные тенденции и связи с лабораторными показателями. Рассматривается потенциальное участие ТК в развитии анемии и тромбоцитопении, установлены связи триптаза-позитивных ТК с уровнем лейкоцитов и эозинофилов периферической крови, а также СОЭ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты весьма противоречивы. Многие аспекты участия ТК и их протеаз в патогенезе COVID-19 остаются неясными, что обусловливает необходимость проведения исследований на более крупных когортах пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The new coronavirus infection COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) caused by SARS-CoV-2, has posed scientific and public health challenges. The problem of treating COVID-19 still remains, and the pathogenesis of COVID-19 needs to be studied in detail, including the involvement of mast cells (MCs) and their specific proteases.</p><p>The aim of this study was to characterize the role of mast cell proteases chymase, tryptase, and carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) in the lung damage associated with COVID-19.</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study included postmortem lung biopsies from 30 patients who died of severe COVID-19, and biopsies from 9 control group patients. Histological preparations were made and protease profile and degranulation activity of MCs were analyzed. In addition, some demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The average number of tryptase-positive MCs without evidence of degranulation and the total number of CPA3-positive MCs were statistically significantly higher in patients with COVID-19, and the number of tryptase-positive and CPA3-positive MCs fragments was lower compared with controls. Negative correlations were established between the numbers of tryptase-positive MCs and red blood cell count. Negative correlations were found between non-granulating tryptase-positive MCs and hemoglobin levels. Positive correlations were noted between tryptase-positive MCs and the leukocytes and eosinophils counts, and negative correlations were noted between the number of CPA3-positive cells and the platelet count. A positive correlation was found between the number of adjoining MCs, as well as fragments of tryptase-positive MCs, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). A negative correlation was also observed between the number of non-degranulated CPA3-positive MCs and the blood level of C-reactive protein. In patients with COVID-19, reduced degranulation activity of tryptase-positive MCs was found along with increased representation of CPA3positive MCs. Several trends and associations with laboratory test results were noted. The potential involvement of MCs in the development of anemia and thrombocytopenia is considered. Associations were established between tryptase-positive MCs and the peripheral blood counts of leukocytes and eosinophils, as well as ESR.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results obtained are highly contradictory. Since many aspects of the involvement of MCs and their proteases in COVID-19 pathogenesis are still unknown, studies with larger cohorts of patients are needed.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тучные клетки</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>поражение легких</kwd><kwd>химаза</kwd><kwd>триптаза</kwd><kwd>карбоксипептидаза А3</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mast cells</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>lung damage</kwd><kwd>chymase</kwd><kwd>tryptase</kwd><kwd>carboxypeptidase A3</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Спонсорская и финансовая поддержка работы отсутствовала</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">There was no sponsorship or financial support for the article</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации. 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