pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2014-0-3-122-127pulmo-408Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ СИГАРЕТЫ: ОЦЕНКА БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ И РИСКОВ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯELECTRONIC CIGARETTE: ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY AND RISK FOR HEALTHАнтоновН. С.AntonovN. S.

д. м. н., зам. директора ФГБУ "НИИ пульмонологии" ФМБА России; тел.: (495) 465-48-52

pulmo@orc.ruСахароваГ. М.SakharovaG. M.

д. м. н., профессор, руководитель научно-методического центра по борьбе против табака ФГБУ "НИИ пульмонологии" ФМБА России; тел.: (495) 465-48-52

pulmo@orc.ruДонитоваВ. В.DonitovaV. V.

научный сотрудник научно-методического центра по борьбе против табака ФГБУ "НИИ пульмонологии" ФМБА России; тел.: (916) 925-45-33

v.donitova@gmail.comКотовА. А.KotovA. A.

региональный советник Международного союза против туберкулеза и легочных заболеваний в России и странах Восточной Европы; тел.: (495) 984-74-08

akotov@theunion.orgБережноваИ. А.BerezhnovaI. A.

директор российского офиса "Международный союз против туберкулеза и легочных заболеваний"; тел.:(495) 984-74-08

iberezhova@theunion.orgЛатифЭ.LatifE.

директор Департамента контроля за табаком, директор Европейского офиса "Международный союз против туберкулеза и легочных заболеваний"; тел.: (495) 984-74-08

elatif@theunion.orgФГБУ "НИИ пульмонологии" ФМБА России: 105077, Москва, ул. 11-я Парковая, 32, корп. 4РоссияFederal Institution Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; Moscow, RussiaRussian FederationМеждународный союз против туберкулеза и легочных заболеваний: 109012, Москва, Кузнецкий мост, 19бРоссияThe International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; Moscow, RussiaRussian Federation20142806201403122127Copyright © Антонов Н.С., Сахарова Г.М., Донитова В.В., Котов А.А., Бережнова И.А., Латиф Э., 20142014Антонов Н.С., Сахарова Г.М., Донитова В.В., Котов А.А., Бережнова И.А., Латиф Э.Antonov N.S., Sakharova G.M., Donitova V.V., Kotov A.A., Berezhnova I.A., Latif E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/408

В начале 2000-х годов на рынке появился новый продукт – электронные сигареты (ЭС), предназначенные для доставки никотина в организм человека. Для этого генерируется никотинсодержащий аэрозоль из раствора, состоящего из нескольких базовых веществ, никотина и ароматизаторов. Производители начали широко рекламировать ЭС как безопасный продукт и продвигать их как заместительное средство для эффективного отказа от табака. В результате распространенность ЭС в мире неуклонно растет. В аэрозоле содержатся в основном ультрамелкие частицы, свободно проникающие в альвеолы и кровеносную систему человека, нитрозамины, ряд токсических веществ, тяжелые металлы, что подтверждается результатами исследования его состава, получены также строгие доказательства цитотоксичности аэрозоля, что может приводить к развитию серьезных повреждений и болезней человека. Подтверждено, что при курении ЭС может развиваться никотиновая зависимость. Установлено, что при курении ЭС в помещении концентрация токсических веществ достигает опасного для здоровья человека уровня. ЭС не обладают никаким преимуществом и не являются эффективным средством для отказа от табакокурения, более того, доказано, что потребителям ЭС значительно труднее бросить курить. Имеются достаточно веские научные доказательства вредного воздействия ЭС на организм человека как при активном, так и при пассивном курении. Безусловно, исследования должны быть продолжены, т. к. рынок ЭС быстро изменяется. Для минимизации негативного индивидуального и популяционного влияния ЭС следует принять ряд мер, направленных на сокращение их спроса и предложения, как это было принято в отношении традиционных табачных изделий.

A new product which is an electronic cigarette acting as nicotine delivery has been marketed at early 2000s. An electronic cigarette generates nicotine aerosol from a solution comprised of several basic substances, nicotine and flavours. The electronic cigarettes were widely promoted by a manufacturer like a safe product substituting tobacco smoking during quitting period. As a result, their consumption has been increasing progressively worldwide. Investigators of the aerosol content reported that it mainly contains ultrafine particles which easily penetrate into alveoli and blood vessels. The aerosol also contains nitrosamines, toxic substances and heavy metals. Strong evidence has been made about the aerosol cytotoxicity that could lead to serious injury and diseases. Nicotine dependence was demonstrated to develop as a result of an electronic cigarette smoking. While smoking an electronic cigarette, the indoor air concentration of toxic substances could reach hazardous levels. Electronic cigarettes do not have any advantage and cannot be considered as a mean to quit tobacco smoking. Moreover, electronic cigarette consumers were shown to quit smoking significantly harder. A large body of scientific confirmation of hazardous effect of electronic cigarettes on a human either during active or passive smoking have been obtained. It is no doubt that further investigations are needed especially with regards to rapid change in the market of electronic cigarettes. To minimize adverse effect of electronic cigarettes both on an individual and on population at whole certain measures should be undertaken intended to limitation of demand and supply of electronic cigarettes in the country similar to those for typical tobacco products.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.