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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2022-32-2-189-198</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-3850</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обострения хронической обструктивной болезни легких, ассоциированной с воздействием промышленных аэрозолей или курением табака, вызванные вирусной, бактериальной или вирусно-бактериальной инфекцией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Virus-induced and bacteria-induced exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by industrial aerosols or tobacco smoke exposure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-7551</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпагина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpagina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шпагина Любовь Анатольевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой госпитальной терапии и медицинской реабилитации </p><p>630091, Россия, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov A. Shpagina, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, head of the internal medicine and rehabilitation department</p><p>Novosibirsk, Krasnyy prosp. 52, 630091, Russiaa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lashpagina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-1539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котова Ольга Сергеевна – доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии и медицинской реабилитации</p><p>630091, Россия, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Kotova, Doctor of Medicine, Assistant Professor of the internal medicine and rehabilitation department</p><p>Novosibirsk, Krasnyy prosp. 52, 630091, Russiaa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ok526@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-9811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпагин</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpagin</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шпагин Илья Семенович – доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии и медицинской реабилитации </p><p>630091, Россия, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya S. Shpagin, Doctor of Medicine, Assistant Professor of the internal medicine and rehabilitation department</p><p>Novosibirsk, Krasnyy prosp. 52, 630091, Russiaa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkb-2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Галина Владимировна – кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры госпитальной терапии и медицинской реабилитации </p><p>630091, Россия, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina V. Kuznetsova, Candidate of Medicine, Assistant of the internal medicine and rehabilitation department</p><p>Novosibirsk, Krasnyy prosp. 52, 630091, Russiaa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkb-2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5694-2206</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасименко</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimenko</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Герасименко Дмитрий Алексеевич – аспирант кафедры госпитальной терапии и медицинской реабилитации </p><p>630091, Россия, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrij A. Gerasimenko, graduate student of the internal medicine and rehabilitation department</p><p>Novosibirsk, Krasnyy prosp. 52, 630091, Russiaa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkb-2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-1707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аникина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anikina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аникина Екатерина Валентиновна – аспирант кафедры госпитальной терапии и медицинской реабилитации </p><p>630091, Россия, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Anikina, graduate student of the internal medicine and rehabilitation department</p><p>Novosibirsk, Krasnyy prosp. 52, 630091, Russiaa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkb-2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Novosibirsk State Medical University”, Healthcare Ministry of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>189</fpage><lpage>198</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шпагина Л.А., Котова О.С., Шпагин И.С., Кузнецова Г.В., Герасименко Д.А., Аникина Е.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шпагина Л.А., Котова О.С., Шпагин И.С., Кузнецова Г.В., Герасименко Д.А., Аникина Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shpagina L.A., Kotova O.S., Shpagin I.S., Kuznetsova G.V., Gerasimenko D.A., Anikina E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/3850">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/3850</self-uri><abstract><p>Обострение хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) – неблагоприятное событие, связанное с прогрессированием заболевания и риском смерти. Для совершенствования терапевтической стратегии необходимо понимание фенотипов заболевания. Основными триггерами обострений ХОБЛ являются вирусная и бактериальная инфекция.</p><p>Целью исследования явилось определение особенностей фенотипов обострений при ХОБЛ, обусловленных вирусной или бактериальной инфекцией, развившихся в условиях воздействия промышленных аэрозолей или табачного дыма. </p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективное наблюдательное исследование были включены больные ХОБЛ (n = 180) средней и тяжелой степени, которая определялась согласно критериям Глобальной инициативы диагностики лечения и профилактики ХОБЛ (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), 2020–2021), госпитализированные с обострением. В зависимости от фенотипа инфекции, вызвавшей обострение, сформированы страты больных ХОБЛ, вызванной вирусной (n = 60), бактериальнй (n = 60), вирусно-бактериальной (n = 60) инфекцией, по 30 больных ХОБЛ, обусловленной табакокурением (ХОБЛТК) и профессиональной этиологии (пХОБЛ). Вирусные обострения диагностировались методом полимеразной цепной реакции лаважной жидкости. Оценивались продолжительность госпитализации, симптомы, функция легких, систолическое давление в легочной артерии (СДЛА), тип воспаления. Взаимосвязи – метод пропорциональных рисков Кокса и логистическая регрессия. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Продолжительность госпитализации была наибольшей при вирусных и вирусно-бактериальных обострениях пХОБЛ – 16,5 (14–18) и 18 (16–20) дней соответственно. Вызванные вирусом обострения при пХОБЛ и ХОБЛТК отличались наибольшим коэффициентом бронходилатации – 10,9 (9,8–11,5) % и 9,2 (8,3–10,3) %, снижением диффузионной способности легких по монооксиду углерода с поправкой на альвеолярный объем (DLCO / Va) – 42 (40–45) и 49 (47–52) %, увеличением СДЛА – 44 (39–45) и 33 (29–38) мм рт. ст., воспалением с эозинофилией (у 53,3 и 60,0 % больных), число эозинофилов крови составило 425 (385–527) и 350 (310–391) кл. / мкл соответственно (р &gt; 0,01). Вирусно-бактериальные обострения при пХОБЛ и ХОБЛТК характеризовались снижением объема форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду (ОФВ1) – 40,2 (36,6–42,2) и 31,0 (28,1–33,6) %, DLCO / Va – 48 (44–50) и 37 (35–41) %, повышением СДЛА – 43 (38–46) и 50 (45–54) мм рт. ст., воспалением с эозинофилией и нейтрофилезом у 63,3 и 66,6 % больных соответственно (р &lt; 0,01). При бактериальных обострениях наблюдались средние значения ОФВ1, наибольшие – DLCO / Va, воспаление с нейтрофилезом – у 60,0 % больных пХОБЛ и 66,6 % больных ХОБЛТК соответственно (р &lt; 0,01). </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Обострения ХОБЛ, обусловленной контактом с промышленными аэрозолями, вызванные вирусной инфекцией, характеризуются не только более тяжелыми функциональными нарушениями и воспалением, но и высоким уровнем эозинофилии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are associated with disease progression and increased risk of death. We need to better understand the phenotypes of AECOPD to improve treatment strategies. The main triggers of COPD exacerbations are viral and bacterial infections.</p><p>The aim is to characterize the viral, bacterial, and viral-bacterial phenotypes of acute exacerbations in patients with COPD caused by industrial aerosol exposure or tobacco smoke.</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. 180 subjects with established moderate and severe COPD who met the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria, 2020 – 2021, and were hospitalized with AECOPD, were enrolled in this prospective observational study. The virus-induced, bacteria-induced, and virus-bacteria-induced AECOPD strata (n = 60 each) were formed. Each stratum included 30 patients with occupational COPD and 30 patients with COPD caused by tobacco smoke. Virus-induced AECOPDs were diagnosed by PCR of bronchoalveolar fluid. Length of hospital stay, symptoms, lung function, mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), and type of inflammation were assessed. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine the relationships.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The length of hospital stay was highest in patients with virus-induced and virus-bacteria-induced exacerbations of occupational COPD, being equal to (Me, IQR) 16.5 (14 – 18) and 18 (16 – 20) days. The virus-induced exacerbations in occupational COPD and in COPD caused by tobacco smoke featured the highest bronchodilation coefficient, 10.9 (9.8 – 11,5)% and 9.2 (8.3 – 10.3)%, respectively, decrease in the diffusing capacity of the lungs (DLCO/Va) by 42 (40 – 45)% and 49 (47 – 52)%, increase in mPAP by 44 (39 – 45) и 33 (29 – 38) mmHg, and eosinophilic inflammation with blood eosinophil count of 425 (385 –527) and 350 (310 – 391) cells per μl (р &gt; 0.01). Virus-bacteria-induced AECOPD in occupational COPD and in COPD caused by smoke were characterized by decrease in FEV1 by 40.2 (36.6 – 42.2)% and 31.0 (28.1 – 33.6%), decrease in DLCO/Va by 48 (44 – 50)% and 37 (35 – 41)%, increase in mPA by 43 (38 – 46) and 50 (45 – 54) mmHg, and eosinophilic-neutrophilic inflammation in 63.3 and 66.6% of patients. The mid-range FEV1, highest DLCO/Va, and neutrophilic inflammation were seen in patients with bacteria-induced AECOPD.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Exacerbations of occupational COPD are characterized by more severe functional impairment and inflammation with high eosinophil count when these exacerbations have viral origin.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>профессионально обусловленная хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd><kwd>обострение хронической обструктивной болезни легких</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>acute exacerbations of COPD</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проводилось на средства федерального бюджета на исполнение государственного задания № 056-0003421-00.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted at the expense of the federal budget according to the state assignment 056-00034-21-00.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adeloye D., Chua S., Lee C. et al. 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