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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2022-32-2-151-161</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-3845</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDITORIAL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бронхиальная астма и COVID-19 у пожилых пациентов: особенности течения, выживаемость, предикторы летальности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Asthma and COVID-19 in the elderly: course, survival, predictors of mortality</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9928-926X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнитдинова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaynitdinova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайнитдинова Вилия Вилевна – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии № 2 Университетской клинической больницы № 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viliya V. Gaynitdinova, Doctor of Medicine, Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Hospital Therapy No.2, University Clinical Hospital No.4</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivv_08@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-2150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Сергей Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, член-корр. Российской академии наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В.Склифосовского Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет), руководитель клинического отдела Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</p><p>119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; 115682, Россия, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Avdeev, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Pulmonology, N.V.Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Head of the Clinical Department, Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Orehovyy bul. 28, Moscow, 115682, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_avdeev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Позднякова</surname><given-names>A. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozdniakova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Позднякова Анна Алексеевна – врач-терапевт приемного отделения Университетской клинической больницы № 4</p><p>119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Pozdniakova, Therapist, Admission Department, University Clinical Hospital No.4</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pozdniakovaaa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власенко</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasenko</surname><given-names>A. Ye.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Власенко Анна Егоровна – кандидат технических наук, преподаватель кафедры медицинской кибернетики и информатики</p><p>654005, Россия, Новокузнецк, просп. Строителей, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Ye. Vlasenko, Candidate of Engineering, Lecturer, Department of Medical Cybernetics and Informatics</p><p>prosp. Stroiteley 5, Novokuznetsk, 654005, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlasenkoanna@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байтимерова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baytimerova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Байтимерова Ирина Валерьевна – врач-пульмонолог</p><p>450005, Россия, Республики Башкортостан, Уфа, ул. Пархоменко, 93</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Baytimerova, Pulmonologist</p><p>ul. Parkhomenko 93, Bashkortostan Republic, Ufa, 450005, Russia</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinapulmo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гнеушева</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gneusheva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гнеушева Татьяна Юрьевна – ассистент кафедры пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В.Склифосовского </p><p>119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana Yu. Gneusheva, Assistant, Department of Pulmonology, N.V.Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr_tatjana@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет); &#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства:&#13;
SPIN-код: 1645-5524</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); &#13;
Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения дополнительного профессионального образования «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации «Новокузнецкий государственный институт усовершенствования врачей»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education”, Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation Novokuznetsk State Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Республики Башкортостан «Городская клиническая больница № 5 города Уфа»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkortostan Republic Healthcare State Budgetary Institution “Ufa City Clinical Hospital No.5”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>151</fpage><lpage>161</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гайнитдинова В.В., Авдеев С.Н., Позднякова A.А., Власенко А.Е., Байтимерова И.В., Гнеушева Т.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гайнитдинова В.В., Авдеев С.Н., Позднякова A.А., Власенко А.Е., Байтимерова И.В., Гнеушева Т.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gaynitdinova V.V., Avdeev N.N., Pozdniakova A.A., Vlasenko A.Y., Baytimerova I.V., Gneusheva T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/3845">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/3845</self-uri><abstract><p>Бронхиальная астма (БА) встречается у 0,9–17 % пациентов, госпитализированных с COVID-19, однако остается неясным, является ли БА фактором риска развития и тяжести COVID-19. По-видимому, пациенты с БА более восприимчивы к заражению COVID-19, но тяжелое прогрессирование заболевания связано не с использованием лекарств, включая биопрепараты от БА, а скорее с пожилым возрастом и сопутствующими заболеваниями.</p><p>Целью исследования явились оценка клинического течения инфекции SARS-CoV-2 у пожилых пациентов с БА, а также изучение влияния БА и сопутствующих заболеваний на исходы, связанные с COVID-19, и определение предикторов летальности. </p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены пожилые (старше 60 лет) пациенты с БА (n = 131: 59 мужчин, 72 женщины; средний возраст – 74 (67; 80) года), госпитализированные по поводу COVID-19 (рекомендации Всемирной организации здравоохранения, 2020). Наличие COVID-19 подтверждалось лабораторными исследованиями (по результатам полимеразной цепной реакции) и / или рентгенологически. У всех пациентов в анамнезе документально подтвержден диагноз БА в соответствии с рекомендациями Глобальной инициативы по бронхиальной астме (Global Initiative for Asthma – GINA, 2020). . </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В стационаре из 131 пациента умерли 30 (22,9 %), после выписки из стационара (в течение 90 дней) – 15 (14,9 %). По сравнению с выздоровевшими у умерших больных перед летальным исходом статистически значимо отмечались более высокие индекс Чарлсона, частота дыхания, степень поражения легких по данным компьютерной томографии, абсолютное число лейкоцитов, нейтрофилов и показатель соотношения нейтрофилы / лимфоциты, уровни C-реактивного белка на 5-е сутки госпитализации и лактатдегидрогеназы, более низкие показатели абсолютного числа эозинофилов, общего белка, пульсоксиметрии (SpO2) и альтернативного индекса оксигенации (показатель соотношения SpO2 и фракции вдыхаемого кислорода); они также чаще принимали глюкокортикостероиды в течение 1 года, у них чаще отмечался неатопический вариант БА. По данным многофакторного и ROC-анализа выявлены наиболее значимые предикторы госпитальной летальности и их пороговые значения – индекс коморбидности Чарлсона ≥ 6 баллов, соотношение нейтрофилы / лимфоциты ≥ 4,5, уровень общего белка ≤ 60 г / л, уровень эозинофилов ≤ 100 кл. / мкл. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Наиболее значимыми предикторами госпитальной летальности у пожилых больных с тяжелой формой COVID-19 на фоне БА являются коморбидность по Чарлсону, показатель соотношения нейтрофилы / лимфоциты; более низкие уровни эозинофилов и общего белка. Время дожития пациентов имеет обратную зависимость от количества имеющихся факторов риска летальности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Bronchial asthma occurs in 0.9 – 17% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. However, it is not clear whether asthma is a risk factor for the development and severity of COVID-19. Studies have shown that patients with asthma appear to be more susceptible to COVID-19 infection, but severe disease progression is not related to medication use, including asthma biologics, but rather to older age and comorbidities.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in elderly patients with asthma, to examine the effect of asthma and comorbidities on COVID-19related outcomes, and to determine predictors of mortality.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Elderly patients [WHO, 2020] (&gt; 60 years, n = 131, median age 74 (67; 80) years; 59 men, 72 women) with asthma hospitalized for COVID-19 were included in the study. COVID-19 was confirmed by laboratory tests (PCR smear) and/or clinical and radiological examinations. All patients had a history of a documented diagnosis of asthma (GINA, 2020).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Out of 131 patients, 30 (22.9%) died in the hospital, and 15 (14.9%) died after discharge from the hospital (within 90 days). The group of patients with lethal outcome showed the following differences from those who recovered: values of Charlson index, respiration rate, degree of lung damage on CT scan, absolute number of leukocytes, neutrophils and neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio, C-reactive protein on the 5th day of hospitalization, and LDH were statistically significantly higher, while absolute number of eosinophils, total protein content, SpO2 and SpO2/FiO2 levels were lower; steroid intake during the year and non-atopic asthma were more common. Multivariate and ROC analysis revealed the most significant predictors of hospital mortality and their thresholds: Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 6 points, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ≥ 4.5, total protein ≤ 60 g/l, eosinophil level ≤ 100 cells/μL.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The most significant predictors of hospital mortality in elderly patients with severe COVID-19 against asthma are Charlson comorbidity, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; lower eosinophil and total protein levels. Survival time of patients has an inverse correlation with the number of mortality risk factors present.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма пожилых</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>фенотип</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>предикторы госпитальной летальности</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>asthma in the elderly</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>predictors of hospital mortality</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Z., McGoogan J.M. 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