<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2011-0-4-97-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-366</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О генетике эмфиземы легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>About the genetics of pulmonary emphysema</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивчик</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivchik</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник отдела молекулярно-генетических технологий НИЦ</p><p>197089, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6 / 8</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ивчик Т.В., 2011</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ивчик Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivchik T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/366">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/366</self-uri><abstract><p>О генетике эмфиземы легких.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>About the genetics of pulmonary emphysema.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генетические методы исследования</kwd><kwd>гены-кандидаты</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>диагностика эмфиземы легких</kwd><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd><kwd>гены GSTM1</kwd><kwd>GSTТ1</kwd><kwd>ММР9</kwd><kwd>CYP2A6</kwd><kwd>NAT2</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genetic investigation methods</kwd><kwd>candidate genes</kwd><kwd>prediction</kwd><kwd>detection of pulmonary emphysema</kwd><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>GSTM1</kwd><kwd>GSTТ1</kwd><kwd>ММР9</kwd><kwd>CYP2A6</kwd><kwd>NAT2 genes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пузырев В.П. Генетика мультифакториальных заболеваний между прошлым и будущим. Мед. генетика 2003; 12: 498–508.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пузырев В.П. Генетика мультифакториальных заболеваний между прошлым и будущим. Мед. генетика 2003; 12: 498–508.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silverman E.K., Mosley J.D., Palmer L.J. et al. Genome-wide linkage analysis of severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: airflow obstruction and chronic bronchitis phenotypes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2002; 11: 623–632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silverman E.K., Mosley J.D., Palmer L.J. et al. Genome-wide linkage analysis of severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: airflow obstruction and chronic bronchitis phenotypes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2002; 11: 623–632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silverman E.K., Palmer L.J., Mosley J.D. et al. Genomewide linkage analysis of quantitative spirometric phenotypes in severe early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2002; 70: 1229–1239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silverman E.K., Palmer L.J., Mosley J.D. et al. Genomewide linkage analysis of quantitative spirometric phenotypes in severe early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2002; 70: 1229–1239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmer L.J., Celedon J.C., Chapman H.A. et al. Genomewide linkage analysis of bronchodilator responsiveness and post-bronchodilator spirometric phenotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2003; 12: 1199–1210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmer L.J., Celedon J.C., Chapman H.A. et al. Genomewide linkage analysis of bronchodilator responsiveness and post-bronchodilator spirometric phenotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2003; 12: 1199–1210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeMeo D.L., Celedon J.C., Lange C. et al. Genome-wide linkage of forced mid-expiratory flow in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 170: 1294–1301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeMeo D.L., Celedon J.C., Lange C. et al. Genome-wide linkage of forced mid-expiratory flow in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 170: 1294–1301.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silverman E.K., Chapman H.A., Drazen J.M. et al. Genetic epidemiology of severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: risk to relatives for airflow obstruction and chronic bronchitis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 157: 1770–1778.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silverman E.K., Chapman H.A., Drazen J.M. et al. Genetic epidemiology of severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: risk to relatives for airflow obstruction and chronic bronchitis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 157: 1770–1778.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malhotra A., Peiffer A.P., Ryujin.DT. et al. Further evidence for the role of genes on chromosome 2 and chromosome 5 in the inheritance of pulmonary function. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 168: 556–561.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malhotra A., Peiffer A.P., Ryujin.DT. et al. Further evidence for the role of genes on chromosome 2 and chromosome 5 in the inheritance of pulmonary function. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 168: 556–561.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeMeo D.L., Mariani T.J., Lange C. et al. The SERPINE2 gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2006; 78: 253–264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeMeo D.L., Mariani T.J., Lange C. et al. The SERPINE2 gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2006; 78: 253–264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spira A., Beane J., Pinto)Plata V. et al. Gene expression profiling of human lung tissue from smokers with severe emphysema. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 2004; 31: 601–610.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spira A., Beane J., Pinto)Plata V. et al. Gene expression profiling of human lung tissue from smokers with severe emphysema. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 2004; 31: 601–610.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hersh C.P., DeMeo D.L., Silverman E.K. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In: Silverman E.K., Shapiro S.D., Lomas D.A., Weiss S.T. (eds.). Respiratory genetics. New York: Hodder Arnold; 2005. 253–296.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hersh C.P., DeMeo D.L., Silverman E.K. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In: Silverman E.K., Shapiro S.D., Lomas D.A., Weiss S.T. (eds.). Respiratory genetics. New York: Hodder Arnold; 2005. 253–296.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shapiro S.D. Transgenic and gene-targeted mice as models for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 29: 375–378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shapiro S.D. Transgenic and gene-targeted mice as models for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 29: 375–378.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu G., Warren L., Aponte J. et al. The International COPD Genetics Network (ICGN) Investigators, Anderson W.H., Lomas D.A., Silverman E.K., Pillai S.G. The SERPINE2 gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in two large populations. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 176: 167–173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu G., Warren L., Aponte J. et al. The International COPD Genetics Network (ICGN) Investigators, Anderson W.H., Lomas D.A., Silverman E.K., Pillai S.G. The SERPINE2 gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in two large populations. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 176: 167–173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmer L.J., Celedon J.C., Chapman H.A. et al. Genomewide linkage analysis of bronchodilator responsiveness and post-bronchodilator spirometric phenotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2003; 12: 1199–1210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmer L.J., Celedon J.C., Chapman H.A. et al. Genomewide linkage analysis of bronchodilator responsiveness and post-bronchodilator spirometric phenotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2003; 12: 1199–1210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Celedon J.C., Lange C., Raby B.A. et al. The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hum. Mol. Genet. 2004; 13: 1649–1656.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Celedon J.C., Lange C., Raby B.A. et al. The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hum. Mol. Genet. 2004; 13: 1649–1656.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silverman E.K., Mosley J.D., Palmer L.J. et al. Genomewide linkage analysis of severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: airflow obstruction and chronic bronchitis phenotypes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2002; 11: 623–632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silverman E.K., Mosley J.D., Palmer L.J. et al. Genomewide linkage analysis of severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: airflow obstruction and chronic bronchitis phenotypes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2002; 11: 623–632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poller W., Faber J.P., Scholz S. et al. Mis-sense mutation of alpha1-antichymotrypsin gene associated with chronic lung disease. Lancet 1992; 339: 1538.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poller W., Faber J.P., Scholz S. et al. Mis-sense mutation of alpha1-antichymotrypsin gene associated with chronic lung disease. Lancet 1992; 339: 1538.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poller W., Faber J.P., Weidinger S. et al. A leucine-to-proline substitution causes a defective alpha 1-antichymotrypsin allele associated with familial obstructive lung disease. Genomics 1993; 17: 740–743.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poller W., Faber J.P., Weidinger S. et al. A leucine-to-proline substitution causes a defective alpha 1-antichymotrypsin allele associated with familial obstructive lung disease. Genomics 1993; 17: 740–743.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishii T., Matsuse T., Teramoto S. et al. Association between alpha-1-antichymotrypsin polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2000; 30: 543–548.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishii T., Matsuse T., Teramoto S. et al. Association between alpha-1-antichymotrypsin polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2000; 30: 543–548.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandford A.J., Chagani T., Weir T.D., Pare P.D. Alpha1-antichymotrypsin mutations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Dis. Markers 1998; 13: 257–260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandford A.J., Chagani T., Weir T.D., Pare P.D. Alpha1-antichymotrypsin mutations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Dis. Markers 1998; 13: 257–260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benetazzo M.G., Gile L.S., Bombieri C. et al. Alpha1-antitrypsin TAQ I polymorphism and alpha1-antichymotrypsin mutations in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Med. 1999; 93: 648–654.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benetazzo M.G., Gile L.S., Bombieri C. et al. Alpha1-antitrypsin TAQ I polymorphism and alpha1-antichymotrypsin mutations in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Med. 1999; 93: 648–654.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho L.)I., Harn H.)J., Chen C.)J., Tsai N.)M. Polymorphism of the β2-adrenoceptor in COPD in Chinese subjects. Chest 2001; 120: 1493–1499.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ho L.)I., Harn H.)J., Chen C.)J., Tsai N.)M. Polymorphism of the β2-adrenoceptor in COPD in Chinese subjects. Chest 2001; 120: 1493–1499.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hegab A.E., Sakamoto T., Saitoh W. et al. Polymorphisms of IL4, IL13, and ADRB2 genes in COPD. Chest 2004; 126: 1832–1839.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hegab A.E., Sakamoto T., Saitoh W. et al. Polymorphisms of IL4, IL13, and ADRB2 genes in COPD. Chest 2004; 126: 1832–1839.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joos L., Weir T.D., Connett J.E. et al. Polymorphisms in the beta2-adrenergic receptor and bronchodilator response, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and rate of decline in lung function in smokers. Thorax 2003; 58: 703–707.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joos L., Weir T.D., Connett J.E. et al. Polymorphisms in the beta2-adrenergic receptor and bronchodilator response, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and rate of decline in lung function in smokers. Thorax 2003; 58: 703–707.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brogger J., Steen V.M., Eiken H.G. et al. Genetic association between COPD and polymorphisms in TNF, ADRB2 and EPHX1. Eur. Respir. J. 2006; 27: 682–688.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brogger J., Steen V.M., Eiken H.G. et al. Genetic association between COPD and polymorphisms in TNF, ADRB2 and EPHX1. Eur. Respir. J. 2006; 27: 682–688.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsushita I., Hasegawa K., Nakata K. et al. Genetic variants of human beta-defensin-1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002; 291: 17–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsushita I., Hasegawa K., Nakata K. et al. Genetic variants of human beta-defensin-1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002; 291: 17–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu R.C., Xu Y.J., Zhang Z.X. et al. Correlation of HDEFB1 polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Chinese Han population. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 2004; 117: 1637–1641.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu R.C., Xu Y.J., Zhang Z.X. et al. Correlation of HDEFB1 polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Chinese Han population. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 2004; 117: 1637–1641.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wallace A.M., He J.Q., Burkett K.M. et al. Contribution of alpha- and beta-defensins to lung function decline and infection in smokers: an association study. Respir. Res. 2006; 7: 76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wallace A.M., He J.Q., Burkett K.M. et al. Contribution of alpha- and beta-defensins to lung function decline and infection in smokers: an association study. Respir. Res. 2006; 7: 76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hersh C.P., DeMeo D.L., Raby B.A. et al. Genetic linkage and association analysis of COPD-related traits on chromosome 8p. COPD 2006; 3: 189–194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hersh C.P., DeMeo D.L., Raby B.A. et al. Genetic linkage and association analysis of COPD-related traits on chromosome 8p. COPD 2006; 3: 189–194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith C.A., Harrison D.J. Association between polymorphism in gene for microsomal epoxide hydrolase and susceptibility to emphysema. Lancet 1997; 350: 630–633.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith C.A., Harrison D.J. Association between polymorphism in gene for microsomal epoxide hydrolase and susceptibility to emphysema. Lancet 1997; 350: 630–633.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandford A.J., Chagani T., Weir T.D. et al. Susceptibility genes for rapid decline of lung function in the lung health study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 469–473.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandford A.J., Chagani T., Weir T.D. et al. Susceptibility genes for rapid decline of lung function in the lung health study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 469–473.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao D., Wang C., Du M.J. et al. Relationship between polymorphisms of genes encoding microsomal epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase P1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 2004; 117: 661–667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiao D., Wang C., Du M.J. et al. Relationship between polymorphisms of genes encoding microsomal epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase P1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 2004; 117: 661–667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demeo D.L., Hersh C.P., Hoffman E.A. et al. Genetic determinants of emphysema distribution in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 176: 42–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demeo D.L., Hersh C.P., Hoffman E.A. et al. Genetic determinants of emphysema distribution in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 176: 42–48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoshikawa M., Hiyama K., Ishioka S. et al. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase genotypes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japanese. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2000; 5: 49–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoshikawa M., Hiyama K., Ishioka S. et al. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase genotypes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japanese. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2000; 5: 49–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takeyabu K., Yamaguchi E., Suzuki I. et al. Gene polymorphism for microsomal epoxide hydrolase and susceptibility to emphysema in a Japanese population. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 15: 891–894.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takeyabu K., Yamaguchi E., Suzuki I. et al. Gene polymorphism for microsomal epoxide hydrolase and susceptibility to emphysema in a Japanese population. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 15: 891–894.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yim J.J., Park G.Y., Lee C.T. et al. Genetic susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Koreans: combined analysis of polymorphic genotypes for microsomal epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1. Thorax 2000; 55: 121–125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yim J.J., Park G.Y., Lee C.T. et al. Genetic susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Koreans: combined analysis of polymorphic genotypes for microsomal epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1. Thorax 2000; 55: 121–125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horne S.L., Cockcroft D.W., Dosman J.A. Possible protective effect against chronic obstructive airways disease by the GC2 allele. Hum. Hered. 1990; 40: 173–176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horne S.L., Cockcroft D.W., Dosman J.A. Possible protective effect against chronic obstructive airways disease by the GC2 allele. Hum. Hered. 1990; 40: 173–176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schellenberg D., Pare P.D., Weir T.D. et al. Vitamin D binding protein variants and the risk of COPD. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 157: 957–961.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schellenberg D., Pare P.D., Weir T.D. et al. Vitamin D binding protein variants and the risk of COPD. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 157: 957–961.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishii T., Keicho N., Teramoto S. et al. Association of Gcglobulin variation with susceptibility to COPD and diffuse panbronchiolitis. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18: 753–757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishii T., Keicho N., Teramoto S. et al. Association of Gcglobulin variation with susceptibility to COPD and diffuse panbronchiolitis. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18: 753–757.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ito I., Nagai S., Hoshino Y. et al. Risk and severity of COPD is associated with the group-specific component of serum globulin 1F allele. Chest 2004; 125: 63–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ito I., Nagai S., Hoshino Y. et al. Risk and severity of COPD is associated with the group-specific component of serum globulin 1F allele. Chest 2004; 125: 63–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kauffmann F., Kleisbauer J.P., Cambon)De)Mouzon A. et al. Genetic markers in chronic air-flow limitation: a genetic epidemiologic study. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1983; 127: 263–269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kauffmann F., Kleisbauer J.P., Cambon)De)Mouzon A. et al. Genetic markers in chronic air-flow limitation: a genetic epidemiologic study. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1983; 127: 263–269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kasuga I., Pare P.D., Ruan J. et al. Lack of association of group specific component haplotypes with lung function in smokers. Thorax 2003; 58: 790–793.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasuga I., Pare P.D., Ruan J. et al. Lack of association of group specific component haplotypes with lung function in smokers. Thorax 2003; 58: 790–793.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandford A.J., Chagani T., Weir T.D. et al. Susceptibility genes for rapid decline of lung function in the lung health study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 469–473.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandford A.J., Chagani T., Weir T.D. et al. Susceptibility genes for rapid decline of lung function in the lung health study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 469–473.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harrison D.J., Cantlay A.M., Rae F. et al. Frequency of glutathione S-transferase M1 deletion in smokers with emphysema and lung cancer. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 1997; 16: 356–360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harrison D.J., Cantlay A.M., Rae F. et al. Frequency of glutathione S-transferase M1 deletion in smokers with emphysema and lung cancer. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 1997; 16: 356–360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baranova H., Perriot J., Albuisson E. et al. Peculiarities of the GSTM1 0 / 0 genotype in French heavy smokers with various types of chronic bronchitis. Hum. Genet. 1997; 99: 822–826.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranova H., Perriot J., Albuisson E. et al. Peculiarities of the GSTM1 0 / 0 genotype in French heavy smokers with various types of chronic bronchitis. Hum. Genet. 1997; 99: 822–826.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng S.L., Yu C.J., Chen C.J., Yang P.C. Genetic polymorphism of epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 23: 818–824.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng S.L., Yu C.J., Chen C.J., Yang P.C. Genetic polymorphism of epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 23: 818–824.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yim J.J., Park G.Y., Lee C.T. et al. Genetic susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Koreans: combined analysis of polymorphic genotypes for microsomal epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1. Thorax 2000; 55: 121–125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yim J.J., Park G.Y., Lee C.T. et al. Genetic susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Koreans: combined analysis of polymorphic genotypes for microsomal epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1. Thorax 2000; 55: 121–125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He J.)Q., Ruan J., Connett J.E. et al. Antioxidant gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to a rapid decline in lung function in smokers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 166: 323–328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He J.)Q., Ruan J., Connett J.E. et al. Antioxidant gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to a rapid decline in lung function in smokers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 166: 323–328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishii T., Matsuse T., Teramoto S. et al. Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) polymorphism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1999; 54: 693–696.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishii T., Matsuse T., Teramoto S. et al. Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) polymorphism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1999; 54: 693–696.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yim J.J., Yoo C.G., Lee C.T. et al. Lack of association between glutathione S-transferase P1 polymorphism and COPD in Koreans. Lung 2002; 180: 119–125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yim J.J., Yoo C.G., Lee C.T. et al. Lack of association between glutathione S-transferase P1 polymorphism and COPD in Koreans. Lung 2002; 180: 119–125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamada N., Yamaya M., Okinaga S. et al. Microsatellite polymorphism in the heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter is associated with susceptibility to emphysema. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2000; 66: 187–195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamada N., Yamaya M., Okinaga S. et al. Microsatellite polymorphism in the heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter is associated with susceptibility to emphysema. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2000; 66: 187–195.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guenegou A., Leynaert B., Benessiano J. et al. Association of lung function decline with the heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter microsatellite polymorphism in a general population sample: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), France. J. Med. Genet. 2006; 43: e43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guenegou A., Leynaert B., Benessiano J. et al. Association of lung function decline with the heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter microsatellite polymorphism in a general population sample: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), France. J. Med. Genet. 2006; 43: e43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakayama K., Kikuchi A., Yasuda H. et al. Heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter polymorphism and decline in lung function in Japanese men. Thorax 2006; 61: 921.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakayama K., Kikuchi A., Yasuda H. et al. Heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter polymorphism and decline in lung function in Japanese men. Thorax 2006; 61: 921.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minematsu N., Nakamura H., Tateno H. et al. Genetic polymorphism in matrix metalloproteinase-9 and pulmonary emphysema. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001; 289: 116–119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minematsu N., Nakamura H., Tateno H. et al. Genetic polymorphism in matrix metalloproteinase-9 and pulmonary emphysema. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001; 289: 116–119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou M., Huang S.G., Wan H.Y. et al. Genetic polymorphism in matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Han population of south China. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 2004; 117: 1481–1484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou M., Huang S.G., Wan H.Y. et al. Genetic polymorphism in matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Han population of south China. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 2004; 117: 1481–1484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joos L., He J.Q., Shepherdson M.B. et al. The role of matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms in the rate of decline in lung function. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2002; 11: 569–576.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joos L., He J.Q., Shepherdson M.B. et al. The role of matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms in the rate of decline in lung function. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2002; 11: 569–576.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chappell S., Daly L., Morgan K. et al. The SERPINE2 gene and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2006; 79: 184–186 (author reply: 186–187).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chappell S., Daly L., Morgan K. et al. The SERPINE2 gene and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2006; 79: 184–186 (author reply: 186–187).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Juul K., Tybjaerg)Hansen A., Marklund S. et al. Genetically increased antioxidative protection and decreased chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2006; 173: 858–864.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Juul K., Tybjaerg)Hansen A., Marklund S. et al. Genetically increased antioxidative protection and decreased chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2006; 173: 858–864.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young R.P., Hopkins R., Black P.N. et al. Functional variants of antioxidant genes in smokers with COPD and in those with normal lung function. Thorax 2006; 61: 394–399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young R.P., Hopkins R., Black P.N. et al. Functional variants of antioxidant genes in smokers with COPD and in those with normal lung function. Thorax 2006; 61: 394–399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo X., Lin H.M., Lin Z. et al. Surfactant protein gene A, B, and D marker alleles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of a Mexican population. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18: 482–490.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo X., Lin H.M., Lin Z. et al. Surfactant protein gene A, B, and D marker alleles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of a Mexican population. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18: 482–490.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seifart C., Plagens A., Brodje D. et al. Surfactant protein B intron 4 variation in German patients with COPD and acute respiratory failure. Dis. Markers 2002; 18: 129–136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seifart C., Plagens A., Brodje D. et al. Surfactant protein B intron 4 variation in German patients with COPD and acute respiratory failure. Dis. Markers 2002; 18: 129–136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu L., Chau J., Young R.P. et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 genotype and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2004; 59: 126–129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu L., Chau J., Young R.P. et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 genotype and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2004; 59: 126–129.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su Z.G., Wen F.Q., Feng Y.L. et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 gene polymorphisms associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Chinese population. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 2005; 26: 714–720.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su Z.G., Wen F.Q., Feng Y.L. et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 gene polymorphisms associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Chinese population. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 2005; 26: 714–720.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Diemen C.C., Postma D.S., Vonk J.M. et al. Decorin and TGF-beta1 polymorphisms and development of COPD in a general population. Respir. Res. 2006; 7: 89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Diemen C.C., Postma D.S., Vonk J.M. et al. Decorin and TGF-beta1 polymorphisms and development of COPD in a general population. Respir. Res. 2006; 7: 89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoon H.I., Silverman E.K., Lee H.W. et al. Lack of association between COPD and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFB1) genetic polymorphisms in Koreans. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 2006; 10: 504–509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoon H.I., Silverman E.K., Lee H.W. et al. Lack of association between COPD and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFB1) genetic polymorphisms in Koreans. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 2006; 10: 504–509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogawa E., Ruan J., Connett J.E. et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 polymorphisms, airway responsiveness and lung function decline in smokers. Respir. Med. 2007; 101: 938–943.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogawa E., Ruan J., Connett J.E. et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 polymorphisms, airway responsiveness and lung function decline in smokers. Respir. Med. 2007; 101: 938–943.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang S.)L., Su C.)H., Chang S.)C. Tumor necrosis factorgene polymorphism in chronic bronchitis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 156: 1436–1439.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang S.)L., Su C.)H., Chang S.)C. Tumor necrosis factorgene polymorphism in chronic bronchitis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 156: 1436–1439.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakao S., Tatsumi K., Igari H. et al. Association of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene promoter polymorphism with the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 420–422.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakao S., Tatsumi K., Igari H. et al. Association of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene promoter polymorphism with the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 420–422.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matheson M.C., Ellis J.A., Raven J. et al. Association of IL8, CXCR2 and TNF-alpha polymorphisms and airway disease. J. Hum. Genet. 2006; 51: 196–203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matheson M.C., Ellis J.A., Raven J. et al. Association of IL8, CXCR2 and TNF-alpha polymorphisms and airway disease. J. Hum. Genet. 2006; 51: 196–203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Higham M.A., Pride N.B., Alikhan A., Morrell N.W. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter polymorphism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 15: 281–284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Higham M.A., Pride N.B., Alikhan A., Morrell N.W. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter polymorphism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 15: 281–284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishii T., Matsuse T., Teramoto S. et al. Neither IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist, nor TNF-alpha polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to COPD. Respir. Med. 2000; 94: 847–851.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishii T., Matsuse T., Teramoto S. et al. Neither IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist, nor TNF-alpha polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to COPD. Respir. Med. 2000; 94: 847–851.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patuzzo C., Gile L.S., Zorzetto M. et al. Tumor necrosis factor gene complex in COPD and disseminated bronchiectasis. Chest 2000; 117: 1353–1358.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patuzzo C., Gile L.S., Zorzetto M. et al. Tumor necrosis factor gene complex in COPD and disseminated bronchiectasis. Chest 2000; 117: 1353–1358.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferrarotti I., Zorzetto M., Beccaria M. et al. Tumour necrosis factor family genes in a phenotype of COPD associated with emphysema. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 21: 444–449.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferrarotti I., Zorzetto M., Beccaria M. et al. Tumour necrosis factor family genes in a phenotype of COPD associated with emphysema. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 21: 444–449.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chierakul N., Wongwisutikul P., Vejbaesya S., Chotvilaiwan K. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter polymorphism is not associated with smoking-related COPD in Thailand. Respirology 2005; 10: 36–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chierakul N., Wongwisutikul P., Vejbaesya S., Chotvilaiwan K. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter polymorphism is not associated with smoking-related COPD in Thailand. Respirology 2005; 10: 36–39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hegab A.E., Sakamoto T., Saitoh W. et al. Polymorphisms of TNF-alpha, IL1-beta, and IL1RN genes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2005; 329: 1246–1252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hegab A.E., Sakamoto T., Saitoh W. et al. Polymorphisms of TNF-alpha, IL1-beta, and IL1RN genes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2005; 329: 1246–1252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang L., He B., Zhao M.W. et al. Association of gene polymorphisms of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin13 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Han nationality in Beijing. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 2005; 118: 541–547.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang L., He B., Zhao M.W. et al. Association of gene polymorphisms of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin13 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Han nationality in Beijing. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 2005; 118: 541–547.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seifart C., Plagens A., Dempfle A. et al. TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-6, and IL-10 polymorphisms in patients with lung cancer. Dis. Markers 2005; 21: 157–165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seifart C., Plagens A., Dempfle A. et al. TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-6, and IL-10 polymorphisms in patients with lung cancer. Dis. Markers 2005; 21: 157–165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruse C.E., Hill M.C., Tobin M. et al. Tumour necrosis factor gene complex polymorphisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Med. 2007; 101: 340–344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruse C.E., Hill M.C., Tobin M. et al. Tumour necrosis factor gene complex polymorphisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Med. 2007; 101: 340–344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hersh C.P., DeMeo D.L., Silverman E.K. Genetics of Emphysema. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2008; 5: 486–493.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hersh C.P., DeMeo D.L., Silverman E.K. Genetics of Emphysema. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2008; 5: 486–493.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilk J.B., Walter R.E., Laramie J.M. et al. Framingham Heart Study genome-wide association: results for pulmonary function measures. BMC Med. Genet. 2007; 8: S8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilk J.B., Walter R.E., Laramie J.M. et al. Framingham Heart Study genome-wide association: results for pulmonary function measures. BMC Med. Genet. 2007; 8: S8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hersh C.P., DeMeo D.L., Lange C. et al. Attempted replication of reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease candidate gene associations. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2005; 33: 71–78.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hersh C.P., DeMeo D.L., Lange C. et al. Attempted replication of reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease candidate gene associations. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2005; 33: 71–78.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bell B., Rose C.L., Damon H. The Normative Aging Study: an interdisciplinary and longitudinal study of health and aging. Aging. Hum. Dev. 1972; 3: 5–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bell B., Rose C.L., Damon H. The Normative Aging Study: an interdisciplinary and longitudinal study of health and aging. Aging. Hum. Dev. 1972; 3: 5–17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirschhorn J.N., Altshuler D. Once and again-issues surrounding replication in genetic association studies. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002; 87: 4438–4441.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirschhorn J.N., Altshuler D. Once and again-issues surrounding replication in genetic association studies. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002; 87: 4438–4441.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ioannidis J.P., Ntzani E.E., Trikalinos T.A. ContopoulosIoannidis DG. Replication validity of genetic association studies. Nat. Genet. 2001; 29: 306–309.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ioannidis J.P., Ntzani E.E., Trikalinos T.A. ContopoulosIoannidis DG. Replication validity of genetic association studies. Nat. Genet. 2001; 29: 306–309.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colhoun H.M., McKeigue P.M., Davey Smith G. Problems of reporting genetic associations with complex outcomes. Lancet 2003; 361: 865–872.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colhoun H.M., McKeigue P.M., Davey Smith G. Problems of reporting genetic associations with complex outcomes. Lancet 2003; 361: 865–872.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hersh C.P., DeMeo D.L., Lazarus R. et al. Genetic association analysis of functional impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2006; 173: 977–984.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hersh C.P., DeMeo D.L., Lazarus R. et al. Genetic association analysis of functional impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2006; 173: 977–984.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Celli B.R., Cote C.G., Marin J.M. et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004; 350: 1005–1012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Celli B.R., Cote C.G., Marin J.M. et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004; 350: 1005–1012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ito I., Nagai S., Handa T. et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 promoter polymorphism associated with upper lung dominant emphysema. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 172: 1378–1382.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ito I., Nagai S., Handa T. et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 promoter polymorphism associated with upper lung dominant emphysema. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 172: 1378–1382.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fishman A., Martinez F., Naunheim K. et al. A randomized trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003; 348: 2059–2073.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fishman A., Martinez F., Naunheim K. et al. A randomized trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003; 348: 2059–2073.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelleher C.M., Silverman E.K., Broekelmann T. et al. A functional mutation in the terminal exon of elastin in severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2005; 33: 355–362.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kelleher C.M., Silverman E.K., Broekelmann T. et al. A functional mutation in the terminal exon of elastin in severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2005; 33: 355–362.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вавилин В.А., Макарова С.И., Ляхович В.В., Гавалов С.М. Ассоциация полиморфных генов ферментов биотрансформации ксенобиотиков с предрасположенностью к бронхиальной астме у детей с наследственной отягощенностью и без таковой. Генетика 2002; 38 (4): 539–545.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вавилин В.А., Макарова С.И., Ляхович В.В., Гавалов С.М. Ассоциация полиморфных генов ферментов биотрансформации ксенобиотиков с предрасположенностью к бронхиальной астме у детей с наследственной отягощенностью и без таковой. Генетика 2002; 38 (4): 539–545.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit91"><label>91</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сиделева О.Г. Полиморфные аллели генов, ассоциированные с патогенезом атопической формы бронхиальной астмы у жителей северо-запада России: Автореф. дис. … канд. биол. наук. СПб.; 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сиделева О.Г. Полиморфные аллели генов, ассоциированные с патогенезом атопической формы бронхиальной астмы у жителей северо-запада России: Автореф. дис. … канд. биол. наук. СПб.; 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit92"><label>92</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранов В.С., Баранова Е.В., Иващенко Т.Э., Асеев М.В. Геном человека и гены "предрасположенности" (Введение в предиктивную медицину). СПб.: Интермедицина; 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Баранов В.С., Баранова Е.В., Иващенко Т.Э., Асеев М.В. Геном человека и гены "предрасположенности" (Введение в предиктивную медицину). СПб.: Интермедицина; 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit93"><label>93</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пузырев В.П., Севостьянова Н.В., Фрейдин М.Б., Огородникова Л.М. Особенности репаративного синтеза ДНК и полиморфизма генов ферментов биотрансформации ксенобиотиков у больных раком легкого. Пульмонология 2005; 1: 11–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пузырев В.П., Севостьянова Н.В., Фрейдин М.Б., Огородникова Л.М. Особенности репаративного синтеза ДНК и полиморфизма генов ферментов биотрансформации ксенобиотиков у больных раком легкого. Пульмонология 2005; 1: 11–15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit94"><label>94</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пузырев В.П., Сеитова Г.Н., Букреева Е.Б. и др. Роль полиморфизма в промоторной области гена TNF в развитии хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Бюл. Сиб. Мед. 2004; 3 (2): 29–33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пузырев В.П., Сеитова Г.Н., Букреева Е.Б. и др. Роль полиморфизма в промоторной области гена TNF в развитии хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Бюл. Сиб. Мед. 2004; 3 (2): 29–33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit95"><label>95</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Янбаева Д.Г. Ассоциаиции полиморфных вариантов генов ферментов биотрансформации ксенобиотиков, протеолиза-антипротеолиза и цитокинов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких: Автореф. дис. … канд. биол. наук. Уфа; 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Янбаева Д.Г. Ассоциаиции полиморфных вариантов генов ферментов биотрансформации ксенобиотиков, протеолиза-антипротеолиза и цитокинов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких: Автореф. дис. … канд. биол. наук. Уфа; 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit96"><label>96</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахмадишина Л.З. Полиморфизм генов ферментов монооксигеназной системы и антиоксидантной защиты у больных хроническими заболеваниями дыхательной системы в республике Башкортостан. Уфа; 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ахмадишина Л.З. Полиморфизм генов ферментов монооксигеназной системы и антиоксидантной защиты у больных хроническими заболеваниями дыхательной системы в республике Башкортостан. Уфа; 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit97"><label>97</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байнак О.В. Клинико-генетические особенности формирования хронической обструктивной болезни легких в республике Башкортостан. Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. Уфа; 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Байнак О.В. Клинико-генетические особенности формирования хронической обструктивной болезни легких в республике Башкортостан. Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. Уфа; 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit98"><label>98</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанищева Л.С., Игнатова Г.Л. Анализ причин, влияющих на возникновение и развитие ХОБЛ у работников машиностроительных предприятий (предварительные результаты). Пульмонология 2005; 4: 11–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Степанищева Л.С., Игнатова Г.Л. Анализ причин, влияющих на возникновение и развитие ХОБЛ у работников машиностроительных предприятий (предварительные результаты). Пульмонология 2005; 4: 11–15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
