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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-3453</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические аспекты синдрома апноэ сна</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical aspects of sleep apnoe syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабак</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babak</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стеблецов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stebletsov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьянц</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriants</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>НИИ пульмонологии М3 РФ</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>1996</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>1996</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабак С.Л., Белов А.М., Стеблецов С.В., Григорьянц Р.А., 1996</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1996</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабак С.Л., Белов А.М., Стеблецов С.В., Григорьянц Р.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babak S.L., Belov A.M., Stebletsov S.V., Grigoriants R.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/3453">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/3453</self-uri><abstract><p>Синдром апноэ сна является распространенной патологией (2–4%), потенциально угрожающей жизни пациента (внезапная ночная смерть), наиболее часто встречающейся у мужчин в возрасте 30–55 лет (68%), основным и маркерами которой являются: повышение массы тела, в особенности ее значительное увеличение ( &gt;120% от идеального веса тела); увеличение размера охвата шеи (размера воротничка): мужчины &gt;43 см, женщины &gt;40 см; системная гипертензия; назофарингеальные сужения; легочная гипертензия; легочное сердце. Основными симптомами являются: хронический громкий ночной храп (94%), периоды перехватывания дыхания или «дыхательной заслонки» во время сна (54%); выраженная избыточная дневная сонливость (особенно у лиц, управляющих транспортным средством) (78%); несчастные случаи на производстве или автодорожные происшествия, причиной которой служила дневная сонливость или дневная усталость (40%); индивидуальные изменения характера пациента (48%); утренние головные боли (36%); снижение половой потенции пациента (42%). Несмотря на значительную распространенность, синдром апноэ сна диагностируется практикующими врачами в 2 случаях из 10. Основных причин три: 1) низкая готовность практикующих врачей к узнаванию и верификации основных маркеров и симптомов заболевания; 2) наиболее достоверный способ диагностики апноэ сна – ночное полисомнографическое исследование – возможно проводить только в специально оборудованных лабораториях сна, число которых пока невелико; 3) пациенты практически не осведомлены о том, что длительный громкий ночной храп с периодами остановок дыхания, отмечаемый женами и близкими родственниками пациента, является абсолютным показанием к проведению полисомнографического исследованию с целью диагностики САС. На современном этапе возможно не только производить высоко достоверную диагностику указанных состояний, но и осуществлять комплексную программу терапевтической коррекции в зависимости от степени тяжести основного состояния, выраженности симптоматики и т.д. Такая программа включает в себя: 1) устранение факторов риска: похудание (включая диету и гимнастические упражнения), отказ от алкоголя и седативных препаратов перед сном, отказ от позиции на спине во время сна; 2) вспомогательную интраназальную вентиляцию легких постоянным положительным давлением (СРАР); 3) стоматологическую коррекцию; 4) хирургическую коррекцию (УФПП, пластика носа, тонзиллэктомия, пластика нижней челюсти, трахеостомия, LAUP).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sleep apnoe syndrome (SAS) is wide-spead pathology (2–4%) which may jeopardise patients life (sudden night death), there is a strong male predominance in SAS, mean age is 30–55 years (68%). The main markers of SAS are excess weight, especially considerable obesity (more than 120% of ideal weight); increased neck circumference – in male more than 43 cm, in female more than 40 cm; systemic arterial hypertension nasopiiaringeal obstruction; pulmonary hypertension; corpulmonale. The main symptoms of SAS are chronic loud snoring (94%); interrupting of breathing during sleep (54%); excessive daytime sleepiness (especially in transport drivers) (78%); transport and industrial accidents due to hypersomnolence and excessive daytime tiredness (40%); individual character’s changes (48%); morning headaches (36%); sexual dysfunctions (42%). In spite of its wide-spreading, practical doctors recognises the SAS only in 2 cases from 10. There are three main reasons for underdiagnosing SAS. 1) Poor readines of practical doctors to recognise the main markers and symptoms of SAS. 2) The most reliable method of diagnosing SAS is polysomnography, but today these techniques are available only in nonnumerous sleep laboratories. 3) The patients are not aware that chronic loud snoring with sleep apnoes marked by their close relatives is absolute indication to polysomnography for the purpose to diagnose SAS. At present it is possible not only diagnose SAS but also carry out the programmes of optimal managment depending on main symptoms and severity of disease. This programmes include 1) general measures: weight loss with caloric restriction, widening of physical activity, alcohol and hypnotics avoidance, position training (avoid dorsal decubitis); 2) breathing with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) during night; 3) oral appliances (prostetic devices that either pull the tongue or the mandible forward creating a prognatism); 4) surgical management of SAS (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), tonsillectomy, tracheostomy, LAUP, maxillomandibular osteotomy).</p></trans-abstract></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yong Т., Palta М., Derpesey J., Skattrud J., Werber S., Badr S. The occurence of sleep-disordered breathing amond middle-aged adults // N. Engl. J. 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